D. Propst, Class 17 05/03/23 1

17: Barriers to Leisure Cont’d.: TIME

& SPACE

D. Propst, Class 17 05/03/23 2

Why “time tyrranies”?

Stephan Linder (1970): The Harried Leisure Class

Juliet Schor (1992): The Overworked American: The Unexpected Decline of Leisure.» her research: “extra month of work

between 1970’s and now”» consumerism (rich in things; poor in

time)» home/job demands & expectations

have grown» technology did not help

Contradictory evidence (time budgets research)

D. Propst, Class 17 05/03/23 3

What to do? restructure our economy & jobs;

think about what we value make “nature” more accessible to

workers take naps? massage therapy, yoga classes,

meditation, exercise

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Implications for this field

demand for “quality leisure” loss of spontaneity in leisure;

more of a duty trend: structure free time;

make every minute count Rybcynski (Waiting for the

Weekend)--not free time, but “break time”

more leisure at home advocate job structure reform

while articulating leisure’s benefits

D. Propst, Class 17 05/03/23 5

Linder: The Harried Leisure Class

MU (Marginal Utility) of money Economists: “VALUE” =

“OPPORTUNITY COSTS” Time has value which varies by

income level Enjoyment/Satisfaction? How

much time to enjoy what is consumed?

D. Propst, Class 17 05/03/23 6

Linder: The Harried Leisure Class

Thesis: time is a scarce resource in developed nations

WHY? takes time to consume goods & maintain them

Productivity=more goods consumed per unit of time

Produce more--spend more--produce more

5 Categories of time» working time» personal work (services)» consumption time» cultivation of mind & spirit» idleness (cultural)

D. Propst, Class 17 05/03/23 7

Barrier (Geographic):

Space, Distance, Mobility

Geographic perspective: people here--resources there

What are the constraints to mobility?

E in model? “Locational Research”» description of locations» site selection

Useful in planning» what attracts people?» what’s the “best” location?

D. Propst, Class 17 05/03/23 8

Gravity Models & Recreation Behavior

Isaac Newton rides again! Visits at a rec. site=F(pop’n.

around the site, distance from home to the site)

Vij = Pi / Dije

» Vij=visits from location i to site j» Pi=pop’n. @ location i» Dij=distance from location i to

rec. site j» e=exponent