D OMESTIC P OLICY I SSUES & P OLICIES OF THE E ARLY P RESIDENTS P ROBLEMS F ACED B Y AII THE E ARLY...
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Transcript of D OMESTIC P OLICY I SSUES & P OLICIES OF THE E ARLY P RESIDENTS P ROBLEMS F ACED B Y AII THE E ARLY...
DOMESTIC POLICY ISSUES & POLICIES OF THE EARLY PRESIDENTSPROBLEMS FACED BY AII THE EARLY LEADERS OF OUR COUNTRY
GEORGE WASHINGTON
Set precedent (example) for others to follow
Ex. of precedent was establishing the Presidential cabinet
Known as the “Father of our country and possessed: Honesty Inspiration Practicality
GEORGE WASHINGTON
Careful not to overstep powers given by the Constitution
Closely followed Article II’ description of a president's role
Enforced national described in Article II when he put down the Whiskey Rebellion
GEORGE WASHINGTON
Emphasized staying neutral when dealing with France & Britain in his “Farewell Address”
Also urged Americans to practice “unity at home…neutrality abroad”
Believed we couldn’t be independent if we had ties to other nations
U.S. attempted to remain neutral through 19th century
GEORGE WASHINGTON
Judiciary Act was passed during Washington’s term
Constitution called for national court system headed by Supreme Court and lower courts
It didn’t explain how the two would relate
GEORGE WASHINGTON Supported Alexander Hamilton’s economic plan, which
called for: Protective tariffs to help our home industry compete with foreign
industry. Lower other kinds of tariffs to keep money in the pockets of our
people to spend Creation of national bank (loose interpretation of the Constitution
based on the "elastic clause")
Federalists and anti-federalists had developed into opposing groups calling themselves the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans
Washington feared U.S. government was going to split and fall apart
BEGINNING OF POLITICAL PARTIES
Political parties developed due disagreements over the role/strength of the national government
Alexander Hamilton Led the Federalists supported John Adams for the next president
James Madison & Thomas Jefferson Led the Democratic-Republicans supported Jefferson for president.
BEGINNING OF POLITICAL PARTIES
Federalist beliefs: Economy based on industry and business (much
of their support came from Northern merchants and industry)
Supported a strong federal government Supported the creation of a national bank
BEGINNING OF POLITICAL PARTIES
Democratic-Republican beliefs: An economy based on farming and agriculture. Stronger state governments State banks rather than a national bank they
thought unconstitutional.
JOHN ADAMS
Adams was vice-president under Washington and then becomes our 2nd president.
Alexander Hamilton & Federalists supported John Adams.
Adams faced foreign affairs problems
Due to the U.S. being affected by the war between France and Britain
JOHN ADAMS
Was hard for the U.S. to remain neutral
France expected the U.S. to help them since they aided U.S. during the Revolutionary War
U.S. wanted to stay on good terms with Britain (Britain was an important trading partner)
JOHN ADAMS
Both England and France captured U.S. ships
This interfered with trade.
Federalists sided with Britain
Democratic-Republicans with France.
Some, esp. the Federalists, begin to fear that France was going to try to undermine U.S. government by getting French immigrants involved in U.S. political system.
JOHN ADAMS
As a result John Adams supported The Alien and Sedition Acts passed by Congress.
Alien Act required a longer time for immigrants to become citizens and to participate in government.
Sedition Act was politically aimed at the Democratic-Republicans who spoke against Adams and other
Sedition Act made it against the law to criticize the president and other high officials.
JOHN ADAMS
Sedition Act violated the first amendment (freedom of speech)
Kentucky and Virginia nullified Alien & Sedition Acts
Said it was the right of a state to follow or nullify a federal law
Depending on whether it violated a state's rights.
THOMAS JEFFERSON
Tied with Aron Burr on ballot for president (both were Democratic-Republicans)
Supported economy based on agriculture
Opposed national bank
Cut size of army and navy to save government money
Cut all taxes except import taxes (customs duties).
THOMAS JEFFERSON
Marbury v Madison case happened under his term
France acquired New Orleans & land west of the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains from Spain
1803 (Louisiana Purchase) U.S. offered to buy the land France decided to sell the entire Louisiana
Territory for just $15 million
THOMAS JEFFERSON
Jefferson sent Lewis & Clark leave St.Louis, Missouri and explore the Louisiana Purchase
Wanted to know if there was an all-water route to Pacific
Sacagawea, a Shoshone woman, serves as an essential part of the expedition
THOMAS JEFFERSON
As Britain and France continued to interfere with American trade as their war waged on
British begin to kidnap (impressment) American sailors to serve in the British navy
Congress passed the Embargo Act in 1807, which prohibited trade with all foreign countries (esp intended to hurt the British economy)
Backfired and hurt the U.S. economy more than any.
JAMES MADISON
James Madison, Democratic-Republican, Was supported by Thomas Jefferson to become
our 4th president. stood only 5'4" Was married to Dolly Madison, who became a
very popular first lady
JAMES MADISON
England continued impressment of U.S. sailors and interference with U.S. shipping
British supported Indian resistance on the frontier
War Hawks = Americans who supported declaring war against Britain.
They also supported taking Canada
British ended their war with France and turned all attention to attacking the U.S.
JAMES MADISON
They attacked Washington D.C. and set fire to many public buildings
Including White House and capital building. Dolly Madison saved a famous painting of
George Washington when she fled the White House just before the British burned it down
The British tried and failed to take Ft. McHenry at Baltimore
Francis Scott Key wrote the poem that became “The Star Spangled Banner” while watching this
JAMES MADISON
Andrew Jackson had gained military success fighting the Indians (Red Stick Confederacy) on the frontier.
Jackson successfully defended New Orleans when British attacked
This made him a national hero
Since Britain was no longer fighting France, the need to capture U.S. ships and impress sailors was gone
JAMES MADISON
Treaty of Ghent brought peace between the U.S. and Britain with no clear winner
As a result of the War of 1812, the United States was viewed as being the leader of the Western Hemisphere
It ended the threat from Britain for good.
JAMES MONROE Issued the “Monroe Doctrine”
Doctrine basically said that America would not get involved in European affairs and
Also that America wouldn’t allow European countries to create any new colonies in North or South America.
JAMES MONROE Foreign policy under Monroe said the U.S. would resist
any nation attempting to interfere in the affairs of nations in the Western Hemisphere
This held true for nearly I00 years.
U.S. acquired Florida from Spain.
Which became a U.S. territory (stage before becoming a state).
No one ran against James Monroe for his 2nd term
This was called the Era of Good Feelings