D. GMP Lamps and Control Gear 2009

7/28/2019 D. GMP Lamps and Control Gear 2009

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3. Lamps & Control Gear

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

BCA Academy (GMP) Programme

Module: Efficient Eco-lighting systems

(indoor & Outdoor)

-

Lamps

Important lamp families

Low Pr =

SOX

High Pr =

SON

High Pr =

Mercury

Low Pr =

TLCFL

GLS incandescentHalogen Mercury Sodium

High Pr =

HPI

MHN

MHW

Metal Halide

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

MHDCDM

+

Light Emitting Diode

=LED


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Glass Shell

Clear , frosted or opal finish

GLS lamp*

ro ec s e amen

Fill Gas

Reduces the evaporation rateof tungsten

Inert (Argon and Nitrogen)

Filament

Tungsten , light emitter 2700K

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Lamp Cap - brass or aluminium

* General Lighting Service

Halogen lamp

Cool Beam

Precise angles

UV protection

with glass

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

ou e-en e -Warm Colour Appearance, 3000- 3200K

Excellent Colour rendit ion , Ra (= CRI) =100

Life 2000-5000 hrs


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Fill Gas : Halogen additive( methylene bromide)

The Halogen principle

Quartz Glass used to withstandhigh temperature

Reduces filament evaporationrate and thus increases life

No bulb blackening.

Less lumen depreciation

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

GLS - Halogen spectrum

vespectralintensity

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Wavelength (nm)

Relat

i


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FLUORESCENT LAMPS

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Straight Fluorescent lamps

T8

T12

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009


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40W

Evolution of Fluorescent lamps

36W

28W

18-36W

5-11W

=T8

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

8-26W

ultravioletradiation

visibleradiation

The fluorescent lamp operation

fluorescent mercur electro electrod

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

powder

atom ns efluorescentpowder

mercuryatom

electrons electrode


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Fluorescence

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

TLD Super 80 Colors

Lamp type Output Color Temp CRI

TLD 36W / 827 3200 lm 2700K >80

TLD 36W / 830 3200 lm 3000K >80

TLD 36W / 840 3350 lm 4000K >80

>

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

TLD 36W / 865 3200 lm 6500K >80

TLD 36W / 54

Cool Daylight

2500 lm 6500K 72


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TLD (Colour 54) = 6500K CRI = 72. Red part is weak !

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Tri-phosphor tubes (Colour 80 & 90) can produce differentShades of white light from Warm to Cool, with different mix ofthe 3 primary colours and with high CRI !

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009


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CRI > 80

Spectrum Colour 840

ivespectralintensity

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Wavelength (nm)

Relat

Spectrum Colour 940CRI > 90

espectralintensity

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Wavelength (nm)

Relati


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Electro Magnetic (EM) components

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Ballast helps to start &provide stable lamp current

Live

System configurationEM ballast ci rcuit

Capacitor-correctspowerfactor

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

ElectromagneticElectromagnetic

Neutral Starter-provides starting voltage


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EM ballast ci rcuit

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Bi-metallic contacts

Electronic (EL) ballast circuit

Electronic (EL)Electronic (EL)

Live

Neutral

Electromagnetic (EM)Electromagnetic (EM)

Live

Neutral

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009


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% 110

TL Efficacy Vs Frequency

108

106

104

102

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

f (KHz)100

1 2 3 5 10 20 30 50 100

EL ballast miniaturization

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

TL8 gear

Typical cross-section 39x28mm

TL5 gear

Typical cross-section 30x28mm


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EL ballast - Advantages

Hard argument 1. saves money

Soft arguments 2. comfort & health3. flexibility

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Lamp type Ballast type Ballast loss

Ballast loss

TL = T12 =40W Electro Magnetic 9 W

TLD = T8 = 36W Electro Magnetic 9 W

TLD = T8 = 32W Electronic 4 W

TL5 =T5 =28W Electronic 3 W

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009


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Lamp power + ballast loss = Total load

Lamp Ballasttype

Lamppower

Ballastloss

Totalpower

TL

40W

EM 40W 9W 49W

TLD 36W EM 36W 9W 45W

TLD 36W EL 32W 4W 36W

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

TL5 28W EL 28W 3W 31W

EM= ElectroMagnetic

energy costs relatively high compared to

EL= Electronic

TLD 36W operates at 32W

Saves money

HF

additional costs for PF capacitor

> air conditioning costs because of heat

generation

normal lamp li fe

relatively high lumen depreciation

energy savings up to 25% compared

to conventional

no additional cost for PF capacitor

Air conditioning costs reduced

because of less heat radiation (25%

less)

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

,

costs

lower lumen depreciation


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ElectronicElectromagnetic

Comfort & health

Smooth rapid start

flicker free

dimming possible

silent

Starting blips

disturbing lamp flicker

no dimming possible

annoying humming possible

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

reliable lamp switch off not controlled end of life of lamps

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009


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Lamp with anode-ring & Minimum Mercury

Capsule technology allows

Just 3-5 mg of Mercury !

Anode Ring reduces end-

blackening and helps better

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

-

End blackening with & without Anode Rings

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009


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Lamp life

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

50% failure on 3 hourswitching cycle

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009


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Lamp Life

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Manufacturers Published life is the 50% survival life !

Miniaturisation

TL 5 technology

Shorter length

More precise opticalcontrol

Shallow Luminaires

can fit into any metric

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

sys em ce ng


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Compact Fluorescent Lamps

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

CFL Non Integrated Type. Ballast has to beexternal (Electro Magnetic or Electronic)

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

PL-S PL-C PL-T PL-L


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CFL Integrated Type. Ballast is internal

(Electronic)

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

CFL 20W = GLS 100W

CFL 15W = GLS 75W

CFL 11W = GLS 60W

High Intensity Discharge (HID)

lamps

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009


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Components of a HID lamp

discharge tube

metals & starting gas

u

electrodes

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

PCA Ceramic for Sodium Quartz for Mercury & Metal Halide

discharge tube

Operation of a gas discharge

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Electromagnetic radiation


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HPL Mercury Lamp

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

High Pressure Mercury LampSpectral intensity distribution

spectralintensity

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Wavelength (nm)

Relativ


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High-bay Application

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Metal Halide Additives withMercury

Metal Halide Lamp

Improves Colour Properties

Mercury regulates the arcvoltage and heat

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009


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Metal Halide Lamp

Spectral intensity distribution

espectralintensity

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Wavelength (nm)

Relati

Metal Halide in Sports

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009


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Metal Halide in Industrial High Bay

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

High Pr Sodium:SON and SON-T

- up to 150lm/W

SON Comfor t- Ra =65- Tc =2200K

Standard SON- u to130 lmW

reliability,lowest cost of ownership,retrofit on all HPS systems

Golden white SON lamp with goodcolour rendering and acceptableefficacy for city beautification

Efficient SON lamp with low cost ofownershi

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

SON-H- 220W and 350W

SON-H lamp directly retrofits onexisting Mercury ballast, giving highcost savings on energy


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High Pressure Sodium Lamp

Spectral intensity distribution

spectralintensity

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Wavelength (nm)

R

elativ

Sodium in Street Lighting

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009


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Sodium for floodlighting

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Metal Halide technology PCA* Ceramic technology

Ceramic Discharge Metal halide (CDM) Lamp

w e g g e cacy ,

CDM

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

* PCA: Poly Crystalline Alumina, already used and proven in High Pressure Sodium lamps


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High beam intensities,high light output

CDM Lamp

High efficiency

Choice in 3000-4200K

Long life

Colour stability

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

g

UV-block

Best substitute for halogen !

CDM-R

The CDM Family

CDM-T

-TC

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

CDM-TT

CDM-TD CDM-TP


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CDM Lamp

PCA

Electrode

Metalliccompounds

Sealingglass

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Niobiumfeedthrough

Colour temperature towards blue-green

Stable colour over life

ure(K)

Conventionalmetal halide lamps

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Colour temperature towards redColour

tempera

t


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Ceramic Discharge Metal halide Lamp

Spectral Intensity Distribution

tivespectralintensit

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Wavelength (nm)

Rela

Efficient lamps with very long life.

Low Pressure Sodium Lamp

Standard SOX- 35..180W- up to 176 lm/W

SOX -E- 18..131W

Most efficient light source forroad lighting in foggy climates

Compared to SOX, SOX- E hasreduced heat losses and hence

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

- up o m

SOX-HF- 35-55-66W- up to 170 lm/W

g er e cacy

SOX(-E) lamps wired with HighFrequency electronic ballast


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Low Pressure Sodium Lamp

Spectral Intensity Distribution

tivespectralintensit

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Wavelength (nm)

Rela

SOX in Tunnel lighting

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009


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Control gear for discharge lamps

consists of : - Ballast

- Ignitor

- Capacitor

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Ballast -

System configuration

Ballast for HID Lamps

provides stable lamp currentLive

Capacitor -correctspowerfactor

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Ballast for HID lamps

Ignitor -provides ignition voltage

ElectromagneticElectromagnetic

Neutral


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Lamp Performance during s tarting period160

HID lamps run-up behaviour

40

60

80

100

120

%

Ila

W la Vla

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

0

20

0 1 2 3 4

time (In min)

Lm

QL Induction lamp family

85 W

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

55 W165 W


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H

Induction principle

Is

Ip

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Visible lightMetal vapour atom

Induction lamp

Principle

Fluorescentpowder

Is

UV

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009


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Powercoupler

Induction lamp

HF generator

Dischargebulb

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Lifetime

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Incandescent lamp Conventional discharge lamp Induction lamp 4,000 hrs 1,000 20,000 hrs 60,000 hrs


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BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

LED packages

Conventional

LED (5mm)

High Flux Power

Chip LED

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

0,5-2 Lumen25-100 mW

10-50 lumen625-1200 mW


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5mm LED High-Flux PC LED

LED flux enhancements

Cathode Lead

LED Chip

Anode Lead

Reflector Cup

Epoxy Dome Lens

Chip

Slug

Cathode

LeadAnodeLead

Body

PlasticLens

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

High-Power Chip LED Package

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009


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How to make white Light

Blue Peak

Green Peak

Red Peak

Blue LEDSpectrum

Phosphor

Emission

Combined

Spectrum

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

By mixing Red, Green and Blue(RGB) sources any colour light,including White, can be made

470 525 590 630 (nm)

Blue emission is converted to yellow by thephosphor coating over the chip and reflector cup.

The mixture of blue and yellow light appears white

470 525 590 630 (nm)

D. GMP Lamps and Control Gear 2009

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