d-dentin-lec 1
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Dentin
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Physical Physical
propertiesproperties
Chemical CompositionChemical CompositionInorganic phase
Organic phase
Development (genesis):Development (genesis):Forming cells: (life history)
Matrix formation (protein
synthesis)
Calcification (mineralization)
Ultra-structure: Ultra-structure: Structural unit-Regional variation
Incremental linesIncremental linesAge changes ‹Clinical
consideration
Histological Study of Hard Dental Tissues:
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Methods of StudyingMethods of Studying ” ”hard tissueshard tissues””
GROUND SECTIONGROUND SECTION DECALCIFIED SECTIONDECALCIFIED SECTION
Inorganic part Organic part
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DentinDentin::
☻☻ Forms Dentin-Pulp ComplexForms Dentin-Pulp Complex
Specialized calcified C.T. forms the main bulk of the tooth☻☻In crown it In crown it
is covered is covered by enamelby enamel
☻☻In root it is In root it is covered by covered by cementumcementum
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COLOR : YELLOWISH
HARDNESS: less than enamel, but more than cementum and boneELASTICITY:highly elastic
PERMEABILITY: Semi permeable in both directions(to & from the pulp)
Physical Properties of Dentin:
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Organic:• 20% organic
• 10% water
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DENTIN:
70% 30%By weight:
Inorganic: “Hydroxyapatite
crystals” Ca 10(PO4)6 (OH)2
Collagen – 90%Phos.pr. – 8%Pospho-lip.Ground.sub – 2%
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Histological Structure Of Histological Structure Of DentinDentin
Odontoblasts
Predentin
Dentin
Dentinal tubules
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Histological Histological StructureStructure dentina
l tubulespulp spac
eS- shaped curvature
Dentinal
tubules
Inter-tubular
dentin Peritubula
r dentin
Closely packed dentinal Closely packed dentinal tubulestubulesenclosed within &
surrounded by
Inter-tubular dentinInter-tubular dentinInterwoven network of collagen type I
fibrils in which apatite crystals are deposited
Surrounded byHypermineralized rings
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Dentinal Dentinal TubulesTubulesCoursCours
eePrimary curvatur
e
S- shaped
curvature
Secondary
curvature
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Dentinal Dentinal TubulesTubules
NumbeNumberrNo. / unit area
75,000Pulpal side : peripheral
layer 4 : 1
DiametDiameterer D.T. taper from pulpal surface outwardsClosely packed near the pulp than
in the peripheral layer
BranchBrancheses lateral
branchesterminalal branches
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ContentContent
Near peripheral
surface
Amorphous non cellular material
Intermediate dentin
Odontoblastic
process,orempty with tissue fluid
Inner denti
n
Odontoblastic process &
Sensory nerve terminals
Dentinal TubulesDentinal Tubules
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Ground Section of D.Ts.Ground Section of D.Ts.
At the cusp tip or (incisal edge)
At cervical area
Mid portion of root and apically
Straight
S shape
Straight
Secondary curvatures
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Odontoblasts
Predentin
Dentin
Sec
. cu
rvat
ure
s
Terminal branches
Decalcified Section of D.Ts.Decalcified Section of D.Ts.
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T.S. In Dentinal TubulesT.S. In Dentinal Tubules
Ground section
Neumann’s sheath
Odontoblastic process (Tomes’ fiber)
Periodontoblastic space
Scanning microscope
Decalcified section
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Size: Size: 7u 7u in diameter in diameter
40u40u in length. in length.
They are They are columnarcolumnar in the in the crown , then becomecrown , then become cuboidal cuboidal rootwise, may be rootwise, may be almost almost flattened. flattened. at the root at the root apex. apex.
OdontoblasOdontoblaststs: :
They form a layer lining the They form a layer lining the periphery of the pulp.periphery of the pulp.
Each has a single process Each has a single process extending into a dentinal extending into a dentinal tubule.tubule.
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Odontoblastic layerOdontoblastic layer
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OdontoblasOdontoblasts ts
Active synthetic
state
Restingstate Criteria for Protein Criteria for Protein
Synthesizing and Synthesizing and Secreting Cells:Secreting Cells:
Large open-faced nucleusLarge open-faced nucleus Abundant cytoplasmAbundant cytoplasm no. of mitochondriano. of mitochondria rough endoplasmic rough endoplasmic
reticulum RERreticulum RER in size of Golgi apparatusin size of Golgi apparatus Presence of secretory Presence of secretory
granulesgranules Microtubules and microfilamentsMicrotubules and microfilaments Smaller cell size Smaller cell size
Decreased Decreased organellesorganelles
Little cytoplasmLittle cytoplasm
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Regional Regional Variation: Variation:
Types of DentinTypes of Dentin Mantle Dntin
Circumpulpal dentin
Interglobular dentin
Intertubular dentin
Peritubular dentin
Primary
dentin
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Mantle Dntin
Circumpulpal dentin
(outermost layer)
(around the pulp)
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Circumpulpal Dentin
Mantle
Dentin
20um wide
Mantle dentinMantle dentinCircumpulpal Circumpulpal dentindentin
First dentin formed First dentin formed aginst DEJaginst DEJ
Dentin formed after Dentin formed after mantle dentin, around mantle dentin, around
the pulpthe pulp
Large collagen fibersLarge collagen fibers
Perpendicular to DEJPerpendicular to DEJFine collagen fibres Fine collagen fibres
parallel to dentin surfaceparallel to dentin surface
Ground substance from Ground substance from dental papilla and dental papilla and
odontoblastsodontoblasts
Ground substance from Ground substance from odontoblasts onlyodontoblasts only
Linear calcificationLinear calcificationGlobular and linear Globular and linear calcificationcalcification
Mantle dentin & Circumpulpal Mantle dentin & Circumpulpal dentindentin
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Peritubular dentin & Intertubular Peritubular dentin & Intertubular dentindentin
• Dentinal tubules surrounded by hypermineralized dentin.• its formation is continuous.
•Located between the tubules•Formed of interwoven collagen fibers •apatite crystals are deposited within & in-between them.
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Interglobular Interglobular dentindentin
Tomes’ Granular Tomes’ Granular layerlayer
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Interglobular Interglobular dentindentin
Tomes’ granular Tomes’ granular layerlayer
may bemay be present in the present in the crown or root related to crown or root related to
disturbance in disturbance in mineralizationmineralization
A constant feature of A constant feature of the root surface the root surface dentindentin
Follow the Follow the incremental patternincremental pattern
Present at the dentin Present at the dentin –cementun interface–cementun interface
Arc-likeArc-like areas due to areas due to incomplete fusion of incomplete fusion of calcospherites related calcospherites related to disturbance in to disturbance in mineralizationmineralization
Spotty granular Spotty granular appearance due to appearance due to hypomineralizationhypomineralization or or looping looping of the of the terminal branches of terminal branches of odontoblastic odontoblastic processesprocesses
Detinal tubules pass Detinal tubules pass through these areas through these areas uninterrupted, but uninterrupted, but peritubular dentin is peritubular dentin is absentabsent
No dentinal tubules No dentinal tubules pass through this pass through this layerlayer
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von Ebner
Contour lines
of Owen
Neonatal line
Incremental Lines Of Incremental Lines Of DentinDentin
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Incremental Lines Of Incremental Lines Of DentinDentin
Incr
emen
tal l
ines
o
f vo
n E
bn
er
Neonatal line
Contour line of Owen
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Incremental Incremental LinesLines
von Ebnervon Ebner
Contour linesContour lines of Owenof Owen
Neonatal lineNeonatal line von Ebnervon Ebner
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Blood Supply of DentinBlood Supply of Dentin
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11 Matrix formationMatrix formation
(Predentin)(Predentin)
Collagen GroundCollagen Ground
fibers substance fibers substance
22 MaturationMaturation (mineralization(mineralization))
Hydroxyapatite Hydroxyapatite
crystalscrystals
depositiondeposition
DentinogenesisDentinogenesis
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11 - -Matrix FormationMatrix Formation Differentiation of Differentiation of
odontoblastsodontoblasts..
Differentiate from the peripheral dental papilla cells (UMC)
At first become short columnar cell with many
stubby processes
I D E
Basement membrane
The cells grow in length (40u) and closely packed together
Ameloblasts
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Odontoblast becomes Odontoblast becomes a protein forming and a protein forming and
secreting cell.secreting cell. R E R , Mitochondria and Golgi bodiesR E R , Mitochondria and Golgi bodies Ribonucleic acid and alkaline phosphataseRibonucleic acid and alkaline phosphatase
Inner dental epith side
Large open faced N
R E R
Mitochondria
Golgi bodies
Predentin
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Early dentin Early dentin formationformation
Odontoblast Odontoblast differentiationdifferentiation
predentinpredentin
dentindentin
odontoblastsodontoblasts
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Odontoblastic process formationOdontoblastic process formation
At first more than one process
As more D is laid down, the cells receed and leave single process ( Tomes’ fiber)
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22--MineralizatioMineralizatio
nnBudding of
matrix vesicles
Rupture of matrix vesicles
Mineralization of the mantle dentin
Has membrane rich in alkaline phosphatase
Calcium and phosphate ions undergo crystallization
Matrix vesicle
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Pattern Of Pattern Of MineralizationMineralization
M V in matrix
Crystallization
Lodgment of crystals
Rupture
1- Linear at the mantle dentin area
2- Globular in circumpulpal
dentin just below mantle dentin
3- Combination in the remaining circumpulpal dentin of the crown and root
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Innervation of Innervation of DentineDentine
Subodontoplastic Subodontoplastic plexus of plexus of Raschkow.Raschkow.
Nerves bundles:Nerves bundles:
- Myelinate- Myelinate
- Unmyelinated- Unmyelinated Free nerve Free nerve endingsendings
Intratubular Intratubular nerve fibrilsnerve fibrils
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Innervations Of DentinInnervations Of Dentin
Plexus of Raschkow (suodontoblastic layer)
The nerve will loose its schwann caoting then pass between the odontoblasts bodies and enter the dentinal tubules ( In crown and fewer in the root )
High at D E J
High near the pulpal surface
Less sensitive area
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Sensitivity of DentineSensitivity of Dentine::
1.1. Direct innervation Direct innervation theorytheory
2.2. Trasduction Trasduction theorytheory
3.3. Hydrodynamic Hydrodynamic theory.theory.
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Transparent or Transparent or Sclerotic dentine.Sclerotic dentine.
Dead tracts.Dead tracts.
↓↓ permeability & permeability & sensitivitysensitivity
Age and Functional Age and Functional Changes in DentineChanges in Dentine
►►Primary dentine changes:Primary dentine changes:
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Transparent (Sclerotic Transparent (Sclerotic Dentin)Dentin)
Mild stimulus leads to changes for the dentin already present.
1- Odontoblast and its process undergo fatty degeneration.
2- calcification occurs intratubular. Tubules first become narrow ,then become blocked
The affected area has occluded dentinal tubules, so the dentin will have uniform refractive index. This area of dentin appears translucent by transmitted light.
Transparent D
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Dead TractsDead Tracts Severe stimulation to Severe stimulation to dentin leads to dentin leads to destruction of the destruction of the odontoblastic process odontoblastic process and odontoblasts. This and odontoblasts. This leads to embty and leads to embty and wide dentinal tubules.wide dentinal tubules.
These areas apear These areas apear black with transmitted black with transmitted light.light.
Under the dead tracts Under the dead tracts from the pulpal surface from the pulpal surface , reparative dentine , reparative dentine will be formed. will be formed.
The dead tract The dead tract serounded by sclerotic serounded by sclerotic dentin.dentin.
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Occurs on the entire pulpal surface.
In multirooted teeth it is thicker on the roof and floor of pulp chamber.
The size of the pulp cavity decreases and obliteration of the pulp horns occurs
The dentinal tubules change their direction to a more wavy course
The no. of dentinal tubules is fewer
Line of demarcation (dark).
►► Secondary dentinSecondary dentinRegular Secondary Regular Secondary DentinDentin
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Irregular Secondary Dentin Irregular Secondary Dentin (Reparative or tertiary (Reparative or tertiary
dentin)dentin)
Severe stimulusSevere stimulus The dentin is formed The dentin is formed
at a localized area.at a localized area. The dentinal tubules The dentinal tubules
are less in number are less in number and irregular in and irregular in arrangement.arrangement.
UMC from the UMC from the subodontoblastic subodontoblastic layer will differentiate layer will differentiate and replace the and replace the degenerated degenerated odontoblasts to form odontoblasts to form reparative dentin reparative dentin
Irregular D T
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Types Of Types Of Reparative DentinReparative Dentin
Atubular dentin ( area without dentinal tubules)
Osteodentin (entrapped cells).
Vasodentin (entrapped b.v.)
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