D 2 416 - DTIC · D 291 416 ARMII SERVICES TECHNICAL INFORMATION AGENCY ARLINGTON HALL STATION...
Transcript of D 2 416 - DTIC · D 291 416 ARMII SERVICES TECHNICAL INFORMATION AGENCY ARLINGTON HALL STATION...
UNCLASS I FIED
D 29 1 416
ARMII SERVICES TECHNICAL INFORMATION AGENCYARLINGTON HALL STATIONARLINGTON 12, VIRGINIAw
UNCLASSI[FIED
NOTICE: When government or other drawings, speci-fications or other data are used for any purposeother than in connection with a definitely relatedgovernment procurement operation, the U. S.Government thereby incurs no responsibility, nor anyobligation whatsoever; and the fact that the Govern-ment may have formulated, furnished, or in any waysupplied the said drawings, specifications, or otherdata is not to be regarded by implication or other-wise as in any manner licensing the holder or anyother person or corporation, or conveying any rightsor permission to manufacture, use or sell anypatented invention that may in any way be relatedthereto.
I .... .. .. .. . .
PHILCOCORPORATION Western Development Laboratories
In reply cite: 614-3-142RWB/SSB/das
115 February 1963
SUBJECT: Contract AF04(695)-113Submittal of Technical Report WDL-TR2007As a deliverable item
TO: CommanderSpace Systems DivisionAir Force Systems CommandUnited States Air ForceAir FQrce Unit Post OfficeLos Angeles 45, California
rTENTION: Technical Data Center
0 FO COPIES: D. Cowart, CSD #3 (1 copy)C) B. Byrd, Jr., AFSSD/SSOCK (w/o enclosure)
LLJ FERENCE: (a) Contract AF04(695)-113, Exhibit A(b) Paragraph 3.16 of AFBM Exhibit 58-1(c) Paragraphs 4.1 and 1.2.3.1 of AFSSD Exhibit 61-27A
In accordance with the requirements of references (a),c C/)(b), and (c), we are forwarding ten (10) copies of the followingC-) CX document:
Title Number and Date
Human Factors Engineering WDL-TR2007Special Programs and Program 461 11 February 1963Final Report
1"PHILCO CORPORATION[. Western Development Laboratories
R. W. Boyd
Manager, Contracts Management
V:!|PHILCO w.E .ETE.. R.oN ,
WDL-TR2007TECHNICAL DOCUMENTARY REPORT 11 FEBRUARY 1963
AS I
HUMANRE FATOSONRNERN
U AIR FORCE SPACE SYSTEMS DIVISION IJII AF04 (695) -113L AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND MAR 1 1963 j
UNITED STATES AIR FORCE
.1 INGLEWOOD. CALIFORNIA W 3TTlSiA
PH I LCOWESTERN DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIESP H I LCPALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA
WDL-TR2007
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTARY REPORT
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERINGSPECIAL PROGRAMS AND PROGRAM 461
FINAL REPORT-
Prepared by
PHILCO CORPORATION
Western Development LaboratoriesPalo Alto, California
Definitive Contract AF04(695)-113F AFBM Exhibit 58-1, Paragraph 3.16
AFSSD Exhibit 61-27A, Paragraphs 4.1 and 1.2.3.1
Prepared for
AIR FORCE SPACE SYSTEMS DIVISIONAIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMANDUNITED STATES AIR FORCEInglewood, California
PHILCO WI3T1RN DEVELOPMINT IABONATON
ABST RACT
PHILCO WDIL-TR2007 UNCLASS IFIlEDHUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERINGSPECIAL PROGRAMS AND PROGRAM 461FINAL REPORT pages11 February 1963 Contract AFO4(695)-113
This report summarizes the Human Factors Engineering effortfor 1962 on Special Programs and Program 461. Significanttasks performed during the year include operability evalua-tions of station activities, control display designs, intra-
communication network analyses, and layouts of work spaces.
THSUCASFE BTATI EINDFRRTNINISTNAD3m- ADSZ IE FDSRD HR H
TLIE (NLSIFIE ABSTRACT IS ESIED HOVR RETMTI INOA
s REMOVED FROM THE DOCUMENT IN WHICH IT is INCLUDED.)
IPHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES
WDL-TR2007
FOREWORD
This Technical Documentary Report on Definitive Contract AFO4(695)-
113 has been prepared in accordance with Exhibit A of that contract and
Paragraph 3.16 of AFBM 58-1, "Contractor Reports Exhibit," dated 1 October
1961, as revised and amended.
This report was prepared by Philco Western Development Laboratories
in fulfilling the requirements of Paragraphs 4.1 and 1.2.3.1 of AFSSD
Exhibit 61-27A, "Satellite Control Subsystem Work Statement," dated 15
February 1962, as revised and amended.
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, PHILCO wESTER DEvELoPMENT LA.oRATo.,,,
WDL-TR2007
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Pane
1 INTRODUCTION
I.1 Human Factors Engineering Effort . . . . .
2 INSTRUMENTATION AT NHS FOR PROGRAM 698BJ
2.1 Human Engineering Description. . . . . . ...
3 MAJOR OPERATING POSITIONS AT VTS AND NHS FORPROGRAM 461
3.1 Human Engineering Evaluation ...........
4 INSTRUMENTATION FOR VTS AND NHS TRACKING ANDDATA CONSOLES
4.1 Introduction ......................4.2 General Description of Console .........
4.2.1 Console Configuration ..........4.2.2 Console Functions . . . . . . . .4.2.3 Console-Controlled Equipment . . ..
4.3 Detailed Description of Console. . . . . .4.3.1 Panel Hardware Function Lists . . ....
4.3.2 Console Operation .... ............4.4 Required Communication Network Modifications . .
5 SURVEY OF INTER-AND INTRA-STATION COMMUNICATIONS
5.1 Introduction ...... . . . . . . ...5.2 VTS Communications ...............
5.2.1 VTS Communication Equipment ...
5.2.2 VTS Communication Equipment Locations5.2.3 VTS Communication Net Configuration...5.2.4 VTS Communication Panel Hardware. ....5.2.5 New VTS Modular Communications Panel. ..5.2.6 Human Factors Engineering Comments ....
5.3 NHS Communications5.3.1 NHS Communication Equipment ....
5.3.2 NHS Communication Equipment Locations5.3.3 NHS Communication Net Configuration . . .5.3.4 NHS Communication Panel Hardware. ..5.3.5 Human Factors Engineering Comments. ...
5.4 ATS Communications
A PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)
Sect ion Ziae
5.4.1 General Comments . . . . . .. .. .. ...
5.4.2 Communication Panel . . ... . . . ....
5.4.3 Net Select Jackbox ..... . . . . . . .
5.4.4. Public Address System .. . . . . . ....
5.4.5 Public Address Access Panel.... .. .. ...5.4.6 Operator Turret ..............5.4.7 Sound-Powered Phone . . . . . ......
5.4.8 Communicat ion Links............5.4.9 ATS Communication E~quipment Locations ....5.4.10 Recomendations . .. . ..
PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES
WDL-TR2007
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure
4-I Block Diagram of Multipurpose Antenna System 4-3
4-2 Console Configuration 4-5
4-3 Console Plan View and Composite Elevations 4-6
4 4-4 Control Panel 4-8
4-5 Display Panel 4-9
4-6 Servo Panel 4-10
4-7 RF Panel 4-11
4-8 VTS Boresight Panel 4-134-9 N.HS Boresight Panel 4-14
4-10 Block Diagram of UF Receiver 4-16
4-11 UF Tracking 4-17
4-12 Interaction between 2.2-2.3 Gc Tracking ReceiversI and Antenna Modes 4-18
4-13 Block Diagram of Doppler Equipment 4-21
4-14 Console Operation of Doppler Equipment 4-22
4m15 Console Turn-On and Prepass Readiness Sequence 4-55
4-16 Prepass Presparation, Antenna Controller 4-56
4-17 Boresight Lens Focus Sequence, Antenna Controller 4-57
4-18 Lock-On Test, Antenna Controller 4-58
1 4-19 Voice Communications Diagram 4-60
5-1 Communication Data Sheet 1 5-2
1 5-2 Communication Data Sheet 2 5-3
5-3 New VTS Modular Communication Panel 5-6
5-4 VTS Communication Panel Module 5-8
5-5 Communication Panel Split-Lens IndicatorConfigurations 5-91 5-6 VTS Control Panel for Communication Panel 5-10
5-7 Data Transmission and Simulator Vans 5-14
5-8 Instrumentation, Telemetry, and Radar Vans 5-15
5-9 NHS Command Transmitter Building 5-16
i 5-10 NHS Console Room #166, D.A.P. Building 5-17
I PHILCO WESTRN DVELOPMENT
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (CONT'D.)
Figura
5mli NHS Acquisition, Tracking, and Control Room #167,
D.A.P. Building 5-18
5-12 NHS Data Receiver Building 5-19
5-13 NHS Angle Tracker Building 5w20
5m14 NHS Computer Room #175, D.A.P. Building 5-21
5-15 Human-Engineered Communication Panel for ATS 5-24
5-16 ATS Communication Panel 5-25
- 5-17 Communication Jack Box 5-27
5-18 ATS Communication Subsystem 5-28
5-19 ATS Administration and Control Van 5-30
1 5-20 ATS Telemetry Van 5-31
5-21 ATS Instrumentation Van 5-32
5-22 ATS Maintenance and Storage Van 5-33
5-23 ATS Communication Van 5-34
j 5-24 ATS Radar Van 5-35
5-25 ATS Data Transmission Van 5-36
5-26 ATS Public Address System 5-415-27 ATS Public Address Access Panel 5-42
5-28 ATS Operator Turret 5-45
5-29 ATS Control Console Communication
Equipment Location 5-47
5-30 ATS Communication Links 5-48
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING EFFORT
This report is a description of the Human Factors Engineering effort
on Special Programs and Program 461 for the year 1962.
The human engineering effort, in compliance with MIL-STD-803 (USAF)
"Human Engineering Criteria for Aircraft, Missile, and Space Systems
Ground Support Equipment", dated 5 November 1959, consisted of a program( to determine the operability and maintainability requirements of the
system and individual equipment at VTS, NHS, and NPS.
The human engineering program comprised the following activities:
a. Human Factors Engineering assistance to equipment designers
was provided in implementing changes and recommending or
specifying hardware characteristics for control display equipment.
In support of this effort, control display off-the-shelf hardware
was evaluated to insure adequacy of hardware in meeting MIL-STD-803
requirements.
b. Proposed field modifications and engineering change orders were
reviewed to determine adequacy of design, to provide a basis
for modification of equipment or procedure, and to recommend
remedial actions.
c. Station activities, control display design, and layout of work
areas were monitored and evaluated to determine the adequacy of
equipment and work areas in meeting operability objectives.
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d. Field communication requirements and modifications were
reviewed and revised to meet increased network loading. Problem
areas and deficiencies which could degrade system effectiveness
and require timely corrective action were identified.
e. System requirement studies were participated in to determine
the flow and form of information and the decisions and actions
for maintenance and operations. Feasible alternative ways for
using human being and man-equipment combinations to meet System
requirements were determined.
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SECTION 2
INSTRUMENTATION AT NHS FOR PROGRAM 698BJ
2.1 HUMAN ENGINEERING DESCRIPTION
This study describes and analyzes the major man-machine inter-
actions within the New Hampshire Station (NHS) during Program 698BJ
prepass, orbit, and postorbit operations. The utilization of sub-
systems and equipment, including new support equipment peculiar to
Program 698BJ, at NHS is also described. The major control and display
consoles and their interface equipment are described in detail.
Console panel drawings were developed with a tabular listing of
control display hardware, nomenclature, recommended vendor, function,
[and signal source. The flow of operations in terms of operator decision
action sequences were also diagrammed for the consOlel positions. VoIce
Icommunications required to support operations and maintenance were dis-cussed, and diagrams were developed to illustrate who talks to whom
I: during the various phases of station activity.
The conclusion of the study included human engineering evaluations
and recommendations. This study is being published separately.
[
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SECTION 3v. MAJOR OPERATING POSITIONS AT VTS AND NiS FOR PROGRAM 461
3.]i HUMAN ENGINEERING EVALUATION
The primary purpose of this Study was to determine the adequacy
of human engineering design of Program 461 equipment for major operating
1positions at VTS and NHS. The evaluation of design adequacy was based
on present requirements for Program 461 support.UA secondary purpose of the study was to formulate recommendations
for human engineering design improvements to be implemented during
.future site modification cycles. This study is being published separately.
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I SECTION 4
INSTRUMENTATION FORVTS"AND NHS TRACKING AND DATA CONSOLES
4.1 INTRODUCTION
J This report consolidates the Human Factors Engineering design
inputs for the Tracking and Data (T&D) consoles for Vandenberg Tracking
j Station (VTS) and New Hampshire Station (NHS). These inputs consist
of panel layouts, cabinet configurations, panel hardware function lists,
and operator decision/action flow diagrams.
The task of Human Engineering was to ensure that the console was
designed for maximum operability with minimum chance for error. This
was accomplished by studying the entire Tracking and Data system to
determine the required control and display functions of the console by
utilizing established psychological and physiological design principles
and by conforming to the contractually binding Human Engineering design
standard MIL-STD-803 (USAF).
The T&D consoles are the central control and monitoring locations
for the 60-foot multipurpose antennas (formerly called the Data Receiving,
or. D/R, antennas) modified by WDL Technical Directives 156 (VTS) and
157 (NHS), Revision 2. According to Revision 2, the T&D antenna is
I capable of the following functions:
a. Receive on the 2.2-2.3 Gc band,
b. Receive on the 400 Mc band,
c. Receive on the 225-245 Mc band,
d. Doppler transmit on the 375 Mc band,
e. Command transmit on the 1.7-1.85 Gc band (less transmitter),I
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f. Autotrack on the 2.2-2.3 Gc band, and
g. Autotrack on the 400 Mc band.
in addition, it is possible to manually track signals in the 225-245 Mc
band. Before the modification, the only function of the antenna was
to receive on the 2.2-2.3 Gc band. However, at present, the only
functions added to the tracking stations were according to Revision 1
of the modification. These were the range rate and autotrack capabilities Iof the two-way 400 Mc Doppler system. Some of the reasons why the
modifications were made are:
a. To simplify the tracking station by reducing the amount of
equipment, while retaining all the station ca-pabilities,
b. To take advantage of the high gain and accuracy of the T&D
antenna,
c. To accomplish the research and development necessary to 1provide multipurpose antennas for future systems,
d. To reduce the number of personnel, while maintaining the load
capability of the station, I
e. To increase the station reliability by reducing the amount Iof equipment,
f. To provide back-up for existing facilities, and
g. To simplify administration, checkout, and operating procedures. LA block diagram of the Multipurpose Antenna Subsystems is shown
in Fig. 4-1. The diagram illustrates the relationship of the T&D console
to the Multipurpose Subsystems. The antenna drive, boresight equipment, HDoppler system, and UHF receivers are controlled and monitored for the
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4.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF CONSOLE
4.2.1 Console Configuration
The T&D console is made up of four bays in line (Figs. 4-2 and
4-3). It is intended to be operated by two people: the antenna I
controller at the left three bays, and the RF operator at the right
bay. The console is located in the Data Receiver (D/R) buildings at 4VTS and NHS. The consoles are identical at both sites, except for the
inclusion of a television boresight display and a wind speed indicator
on the VTS console. At the time this report was written, a work order
had not been issued for the RF panel; consequently, the information
pertaining to it in this report is not to be regarded as final.
4.2.2 Console Functions
The console is designed to provide the operators with the
capability of accomplishing large-loop equipment readiness checks and
most of the required during-pass control and monitoring functions.
The equipment, which is partially controlled and monitored to carry
out these functions, includes the antenna system, boresight transmitters,
Doppler system, UHF tracking receivers, and VHF receivers. Each of
these equipment systems is described in the following section. 1
4.2.3 Console-Controlled Equipment
The following paragraphs describe the equipment associated with
the T&D console. The five equipment areas are the antenna drive,
boresight equipment, T&D receivers, Doppler system and VHF receivers.
Antenna Drive
The antenna drive system within the T&D building is composed
of intermediate and power servos for each antenna axis. The positioning
of the azimuth, transverse, and declination intermediate servos
ultimately results in the antenna axes assuming the corresponding
positions. The signal sources for the positioning of the intermediate
servos are
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a. Console rate controls,
[ b. Remote rate controls,
c. Digital-to-analog converters (DACON's),
d. Search scan generator, and
e. Tracking receivers.
f The console rate controls (Fig. 4-4) and the remote rate
controls generate voltages proportional in amplitude to the sine of
the displacement from their center null positions. These voltages
are applied to the intermediate servos when the console is in the mode.
Console information and status are provided on the display panel(Fig. 4-5).
The outputs of the DACON's are applied to the power servos
I when the antenna is in the SLAVED or BORESIGHT mode. The voltages
are proportional in amplitude to the difference between the desired and
f actual antenna positions. The desired antenna position information is
accepted from a remote source when the antenna is in the SLAVED mode
and from the control panel in the ASDE rack when in the BORESIGHT mode.
Servo error is displayed on the servo panel (Fig. 4-6).
When the'antenna is in the SEARCH mode,'theintermediate
servos accept information from the search scan generator. The width
frate and inclination of the bar scan are selected at the console.t When the antenna is in the AUTOTRACK mode, the selected
tracking receiver supplies the error voltages to the intermediate
servos. The tracking receiver is selected on the RF panel of the
console (Fig. 4-7).
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At the time this report was written, two sets of servo
equipment existed in the D/R building, one of which is required for the
self-track capability. A switch in the cablehead rack selects the
set of servo equipment to be enabled.
Boresight Equipment
The dial control on the Boresight panel (Figs. 4-8 and 4-9)
provides the antenna operator with control of several transmitter
functions in the near field and far field boresight towers. By
dialing an appropriate number, control is provided for any of the
boresight transmitters, with selection of various frequencies and atten-
uation levels. Also, control is provided to turn on the optical targets,
the PAM simulatorand control of the T&D antenna-mounted boresight
equipment.
When a number is dialed, a pulse train is routed to the
Boresight Control Rack, OA-53. The pulse train is decoded at OA-53 and
routed to its proper destination to accomplish the desired control
action. The Near Field Rack, OA-118, or Far Field Rack No. 1, OA-55,
receives the signal from the Boresight Control Rack and converts it
to a control voltage. This voltage is applied to the proper equipment
to accomplish the desired control action. A verification signal is
sent back to the Boresight panel to emergize the legend light corresponding
to the completed control action.
The outputs of the selected UHF receiver and the PAM
simulator can be displayed on the two-gun oscilloscope in the boresight
bay of the console. By displaying the output of the PAM simulator on
one gun and the output of the UHF or VHF receiver on the other gun,
the test signal can be compared before it is sent to the boresight
transmitters and after it is received by the T&D antenna receiver.
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The antenna controller has sufficient controls and informa-
tion displayed on the console to conduct confidence checks of both
I the antenna columniation and the quality of the received signal.
Tracking and Data Receiver
The two Tracking and Data (T&D) receivers recover the 2.2-
2.3 Gc PAM data from the satellite. They will also supply tracking
error Voltages to the antenna servo system for the autotrack function
j when Revision 2 of the modification is implemented.
{Figure 4-10 is a simplified block diagram of the T&D receivers.It shows that the incoming signal is amplified by preamp 1 or preamp 2
depending upon which is chosen by the T&D console operator. (See Fig.
4-11 for the tracking procedure.) The signal passes through a filter
and is routed to both T&D receivers by a hybird coaxial junction. After
[the signal is converted to 5 Mc, it passes through the selectablebandpass filters and is then available for routing to the DAP building
[for processing and to the tracking converter for conversion to trackingerror voltages. The receiver supplying the signal for these purposes
is selected at the RF panel. The 5 Mc signal from both receivers
is limited, detected, amplified, and displayed on a spectrum analyzer at
the same time for comparison..
Figure 4-12 is a flow diagram showing the interaction
Ibetween the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) statuses and theantenna modes for one receiver. The five VCO statuses are as
[follows:
Search - The VCO automatically sweeps the receiver tuning
about a center frequency at a rate of approximately 10 cps.
IHold - If the receiver detects a signal between the -104
and -94 dbm levels, the VCO will leave the "search" status and enter the
_"hold" status. It will remain in the "hold" status for approximately
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3 seconds, even if the received signal is lost. if the signal persists,
the VCO will remain in the "hold" status for approximately 1 minute.
in this status, the VCO keeps the receiver tuned to the frequency at
which the signal was first detected. At the end of 1 minute, the VCO
will enter the "search" status, make partial sweep, and re-enter the
"hold" status in less than 0.1 second. if the received signal falls
j below the -104 dbm level, the VCO will return to the "search" status.
If the signal increases above the -94 dbm level, the VCO will enter
the "AFC' status.
AFC - The received signal must be avove the -94 dbma level
for the VCO to be in the "AFC" status. In this status, the VCO
continually tunes the receiver to the frequency of the incoming signal.
When either VCO is in the "AFC" status, the "UHF OPERATING" light
corresponding to that receiver will be energized on the RF panel.
Manual - When the VCO is in the "manual" mode, it can be
I" tuned manually.
- Signal Loss - If the received signal falls below the -94
dbm level, the VCO will enter the "signal loss" status for 3 seconds,
then enter the "search" status. In the "signal loss" status, the VCO
remains tuned to the same frequency at which the signal was lost.
Doppler System
The main components of the Doppler system are the 375 Mc
I transmitter, the 400 Mc receiver, and the 4-element monopulse feedhorn.
The transmitter is located in equipment rack OA-119 and the receiver
f in equipment rack OA-79.
The transmitter transmits a highly stable frequency to the
satellite. The satellite accurately upconverts the frequency by a
constant amount and transmits a return frequency to the ground station.
I+ The ground receiver detects the return frequency and extracts its rate
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of change due to the Doppler shift. From the rate of change of the
received frequency and the angular position of the antenna, the satellite
ephemerides can be calculated. Besides extracting the Doppler data
from the vehicle signal. The Doppler receiver provides tracking
error voltages to the antenna intermediate servos for autotrack 7]purposes.
The satellite signal is received through the hybird
monopulse feedhorn, then divided between the azimuth, elevation, and Ireference channels of the receiver (Fig. 4-13). Each channel is
identical up the 4.5 Mc i-f amplifiers. The VCO, which is tuned by the
phase lock loop during signal tracking, provides the mixing frequency
to the mixers to keep the input to the i-f amplifiers at exactly 4.5 IMc. The Doppler extractor takes its input from the VCO to provide
range rate information. Figure 4-13 shows where the console control
and display points were selected on the basis of their usefulness
during a pass. Prepass operations, such as calibrating, peaking, etc.,
were functions to be performed by the rack technician. The console Ioperation of the Doppler system is diagrammed in Fig. 4-14, and the
layout of the console panel from which the Doppler system is controlled Iis shown in Fig. 4-7.
.The primary tasks of the Doppler system operator are to I
a. Ensure that the Doppler transmitter output is routed to 3the antenna feedhorn and is of proper strength,
b. Ensure that the VCO is frequency-searching before ETA
reaches zero,
c. Select the proper tracking receiver (UHF or Doppler),
and,
d. Restart the VCO sweep after a monentary signal loss Uduring a pass.
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VHF Receivers
The console displays relating to the VHF receivers are
the NOT READY, READY, and OPERATING status lights and the VHF signal
strength meter. The'console has no control over the VHF receivers.
The signal source for both the status lights and the signal strength
meter is a control panel in VHF receiver rack OA-78. The VHF rack
technician will continually appraise the status (NOT READY, READY,
or OPERATING) of each of the five receivers and will select a switch
position on the control panel for the corresponding status. This
will energize the appropriate status lights on both the T&D console
and the master control console.
During a pass, the VHF signal strength meter on the T&D
console is used as a manual tracking display. The antenna controller
can keep the meter "peaked" by manipulating the rate controls in
f- order to drive the antenna in the proper direction.
The choice of the VHF receiver to supply the meter on the
console is made by the VHF rack technician. It is his task to select
the best signal and to select a switch position on the control panel
for the appropriate receiver. This will route the signal strength of the
-2 best receiver to the console.
4.3 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CONSOLE
4.3.1 Panel Hardware Function Lists
Each piece of panel hardware on the Left Bay-Servo Panel
(Table 4-1), Center Bay-Display Panel (Table 4-2), Control Panel (Table
4-3), Boresight Panel-VTS (Table 4-4), and RF Panel (Table 4-5) is
itemized on the following pages. The location, nomenclature, hardware,
function, and signal source (if applicable) for each control and display
on each panel are briefly described.
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PHILCO: w~3WSENDVLPETLSRTRE
WDL-TR2007
4.3.2 Console Operation
The following flow diagrams (Figs. 4-15 through 4-18) describe
how the console operators will utilize the panel controls and displays
in order to carry out the various antenna system functions:
"Console Turn-On and Prepass Readiness Sequence";
"Prepass Preparation, Antenna Controller";"B-oresight Lens Focus Sequence, Antenna Controller"; and
"Lock-on Test, Antenna Controller".
The strongest concentration of attention is on anticipated
contingency situations in which the console operators must become
aware of the nature of the contingency and make a corresponding
recovery response.
The flow diagrams were generated as a paradigm and consequently
are not to be construed as final operating procedures. Detailed
operating procedures can be found in the following WDL documents:
VTS WDL-TM-SA-911-4 (Data Receiving Function Manual) "
WDL-TM-SA-302-3 (Field Maintenance Manual)
NBTS WDL-TM-SA-925-4 (Organizational Maintenance Manual) :1WDL-TM-SA-310-3 (Field Maintenance Manual) :
4.4 REQUIRED COMMUNICATION NETWORK MODIFICATIONS
The modification of the Data Reveiving antenna required the ]addition of fourteen equipment cabinets and a T&D console to the
D/R buildings at each station. The new equipment created the
requirement for additional communication facilities.
The design recommendations made by Human Factors Engineering for
the additional communication equipment were based upon the following
considerations of the operators and their functions:
4-54 II
PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LA.ORATORIEU
WDL-TR2007
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WDL-TR2007
a. The necessity for information not available through equipment
displays or face-to-face contact with other operators,
b. The requirement of certain operators to provide status information,
c. The requirement of certain operators to exert or respond to
command or administrative authority , and
d. The optimum location of communication facilities for easy
access by the operators using them.
With these considerations in mind, Human Facotrs personnel
participated in establishing the new communication networks and the
panel and jack locations. Figure 4-19 shows the original design
input made by Human Facotrs. WDL drawing E113942 is, in part, a
result of this work.
Communication panel locations in the new equipment can be deter-
mined from WDL drawings E108934 (Communications Space Allocation,
UHF T/D Rcvr. Bldg. SS/H Van); C97-132595 (Elevation Drawing, Front,
Frequency Converter, OA-57); C97-132596 (Elevation Drawing, Front, Xmtr.,
Near Field, Boresight Equipment, OA-118); and C97-132594 (Elevation
Drawing, Front, Xmtr., Test Checkout & Calibration, 375 Mc, Normal Channel,
OA-120).
In addition to the new communication panels and jack outlets,
other changes included in relocation of two jack boxes in the antenna
support structure and outer rim of the dish.I-
4-59
P HILC WETR €UELPN LABORATORIE
WDL-TR2007
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4-60
PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LAUORATORIEU
IML-TR2007
SECTION 5
SURVEY OF INTER- AND INTRA-STATIONCOMMUNICATIONS
5.1 INTRODUCTION
The communications data gathering was first conducted at VTS, then
at NHS, and finally at ATS. The VTS and NHS evaluations were conducted
primarily to observe the integration of the existing communication equip-
ment with the required operational tasks.
The ATS communication analysis was requested by the Test Wing and
is a part of the Human Factors Engineering (HFE) requirement.
The ATS communication analysistherefore, is, included in this
report as one of HFE's past-year activities.
Since the communication subsystem is one of the most vital links
of any operation, requirements for evaluating other stations still
exist and are being planned for the coming year. The stations to be
visited include NPS, TTS, HTS, and IOS.
5.2 VTS COMMUNICATIONS
The comments pertaining to the VTS portion of this communication
report were made only in reference to the communication equipment of
the master console room and the equipment room of the D.A.P. building.
Data sheets (see Figs. 5-1 and 5-2) were prepared prior to the
station visit and were filled out at the station as a means of gatheringand retaining information. The following comments are based upon
observations, personal interviews with equipment and console operators,
and information on the data sheets.
5-1
PHILCO wESERN DEVLOPMENT LABORATORIES
WDL-TR2007
STATION:
COMtMUNICATION -DATA SHEET I
BUILDING: 1). A. P.0 T & n C. T. 0 3- VANE ______I
PROGRAM: 239 AEj] 921 CID 622 A 0 698AR 0 AUG. 0
POSITION: CONTROL 0 OPERATORO MAINTENANCE ADMINISTRATIVED
EQUIPMENT: PANEL0 JACKBOXO MAINT. JACKO SOUND POWER PHONE:] P.A. ACCESS0
HOLD 0J S.T.A. 0) A/Go SPEAKER 0D RECORD SWITCH 0I VOLUME CONTROLO
LAMP TESTE] DIALO3 ACTIVATED? YESOD NO[3 FRONT JACK OUTLET______ ISIGNAL OFF-ON SWITCH: TOGGLEOn ROTARYO LIGHTED PUSHBUTTONIJ
NET SELECT: 0 PUSHBUTTONfl ROTARYE LIGHTED PUSHBUTTONOI
RACK IO NMBER:_ _LOCATION:
CONSOLE:C FUNCTION: . iNETS: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
INTERFACED ? YESO NOD PROGRAM:_______________________
CONFERENCING ? YESO NOD DIRECTION:
ADMIN. PHONE NEARBY 7 YESO NOQ DISTANCE:__
COMM. EQUIP. LOCATION: GOooO BAD]
NET SELECT ASSIGNMENTS
BUTTON 1: BUTTON 7:
BUTTON 2: BUTTON 8:
BUTTON 3: BUTTON 9:BUTTON 4: BUTTON 10:
BUTTON 5: BUTTON 11:
BUTTON 6: BUTTON 12:
REMARKS:--
DIAGRAM IAYOUT ( IF NECESSARY )
DATA TIM_
Fig. 5-1 Comnunication, Data Sheet 1
5-2
PHILCO WESTERN O PE o-TI
WDL-TR2 007
STATION:___________
ROOM1 #:-
L COMMUNICATION DATA SHEET 2
Ii OPERATOR POSITION:
CONTROL 0 OPERATORO0 MAINTENANCE I]ADMINISTRATIVE 0 CONSOLEI] RACK0PANELSD JACKBOX 0 JACK 0
- BU.ILDING-.
DAPOI T & DO C. TO0- VAND ..... J
r OPERATOR KNOWLE DGE:
ICONFERENCING? YESn NO 0] ACTIVATED? YESEJ NOOl
IP. A. ACCESS?7 YES3 NO 0 ACTIVATED? YESC NOl
NET SELECT? YESEI NOD
f MODIFICATION/S REQUESTED? YESOD NO[]
NET SELECT CHANGE 0] MORE NETSL:) FROM_________ TO ______
LESS NETS[] FROM _______TO _________MORE FLEXABILITY(]
IINTERFACING: SPECIAL TIE-INE] BETTER CONTROLE) BETTER PANEL DESIGNE1
I - ~ ~~UN N E C E S S A R Y F E A T U R E S E ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I ~~~~~~NCESSARY FEATURESEJ______________________________
L ~ ~~~RECOH]MENDATIONS:____________________________
DATA TIME_________Fig. 5-2 Communication Data Sheet 2
5 -3
PH11COWESTERN DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES
WDL-TR2007
5.2.1 VTS Communication Equipment
The communication equipment at VTS was not standardized in any
way. Seven different types of communication panels, ranging from
recorder panels to jack outlets for the plotboards, existed in the Jmaster console and equipment rooms. jack outlets in back of the
communication panels (maintenance jack outlets) differed in type from
the operational jack outlets in front of the panels. The maintenance
jack outlets were never used because headsets with the male type jacks
required for the maintenance jack outlets could not be obtained. As a
result, the maintenance operations in the back of the racks were
conducted with front panel headsets by stretching the phone cords over
the top or around the side of the racks.
5.2.2 VTS Communication Equipment Locations
In general, the communication equipment locations were good, but
could have been better. At two of the operational positions, the
operator had to walk about 25 to 30 feet before having access to a dial
phone. In another instance, the communication control panel was 50 feet
from the operating position auxiliary jack outlet.
The rack locations for the communication equipment had been
placed in areas other than those recommended by Human Factors Engineering.
The rack communication panel should have remained in the recommended
areas. In one case, the utility shelf was positioned right below the
communication panel: test equipment placed on that shelf obscured the
entire communication panel.
5.2.3 VTS Communication Net -Configuration
The net configuration for VTS consisted of 21 nets: 8 operational
nets including all stations, 12 nets divided into maintenance and check-
out groups, and 1 back-up net including all the operational stations.
It was the feeling of the Communications Officer that the maintenance
and checkout nets should be kept separate from the operational nets.
Further, the maintenance and checkout nets were never to be used for
operational nets.
5-4
PHILCO WESTERN DEVRLOPMENT LABORATORIES
WDL-TR2007
VTS has unique net requirements because launch facilities are
incorpprated into the operational net configuration. Other stations do
not have this launch communication requirement; therefore, the total
nets for the other stations are less in number.
5.2.4 VTS Communication Panel Hardware
The communication panel hardware was not totally activated,
causing some delays during operational activities. The main difficulty
was caused by the fact that the P.B.X. dial was not put into operation
on most of the communication panels, thereby requiring the operators
to make extra trips to the nearest P.B.X. phones.
Other operational delays were caused by the absence of the "lamp
test" to check the indicator switches and the volume control for the
headsets. There were also incorrectly labeled operational net select
switches and unlabeled rubber-booted toggle switches. The functions of
the latter were completely unknown to the operations personnel.
5.2.5 New VTS Modular Communication Panel
New VTS modular communication panels were being installed in the
control areas. The new panel replaces some of the old Kellog equipment
and facilitates operational procedures.
Figure 5-3 shows the layout of the new communication panel now
installed at VTS. There are two types of 3 in. by 19 in. net select
panels: one for conference "A" and "B", and the other for direct point-
to-point select operation. These two panels must be installed in pairs
in order to achieve the desired operational capability.
The conference "A" position on the panel is used for monitoring,
v" and the conference "B" position is used for talking into the conference
net as well as for monitoring. It should be noted that the conference
"A" and "B" panel can not be used unless a net on the direct point-to-
3 point select panel below it is activated or in use and the facilities
control switch for conference net "A" or "B" is activated.
5-5
PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES
WDL-TR2007
MOYIE I L
:- I~s
(CowftoL)
TIISG PANELS ARU D~UPLICATES 01: PANULS PICr"*- BELOW. [1!41S COMBINATION OF PAhNELS MAUST 06-WWS' 5% .)S~ AS A WAit.
Fig. 5-3 New VTS Modular Communication Panel
5-6
PH ILCO0 WKSTURN 0IV9L0PMNT ABRAO1E
I WDL-TR2 007
1
Each communication panel consists of 15 one-inch modules, each
containing one relay toggle switch, one light indicator, and one AMP
connector in the module rear (Fig. 5-4). Each module is wired as a
different circuit and can be removed from the panel by pulling on the
toggle switch to disengage the AMP connector. The physical size of each
module is 1 in. by 3 in. by 5 in. The indicator light on each module
is split into three sections (Fig. 5-5). Various combinations of lights
denote the utilization of the communication net.
*The 2 in. by 19 in. panel, located at the bottom of the communica-
tion panels, is the control panel for the communication equipment
(Fig. 5-6). The panel houses two jack outlets, a 1/2 in. POWER ON
indicator, a 3/8-in. momentary LAMP TEST pushbutton, eight Micro switches,
and two volume controls. The eight Micro switches on the control panel
are grouped into five switches for FACILITIES CONTROL and three switches
for COMMON CONTROL.
The FACILITIES CONTROL switches consist of two activating switches
for monitoring on conference nets: CONFERENCE A MONITOR and CONFERENCE
" B MONITOR. Three other switches arepresently unassigned.
The three COMMON CONTROL switches consist of the DIAL LINE HEAD-
SET HANDSET TRANSFER switch, the BUZZER CUTOFF switch, and the HOLD
switch. The DIAL LINE HEADSET HANDSET TRANSFER switch transfers
administrative dial calls onto the operational headset. The BUZZER CUT-
OFF switch turns off the audible signal, leaving on only the visual
signal. The HOLD switch holds any incoming administrative calls on the
dial phone until the operator from the operational net is clear.
~i One of the volume controls on the HEADSET control area of the
panel controls the monitor (receiver) volume level, and the other controls
the voice (transmitter) volume level. Both jack outlets for the headset
are the screw-on pin type outlets. One outlet is used continuously forJ operations, and the other is available as an auxiliary jack outlet.
PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES
WDL-TR2007
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PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES
WDL-TR2007
CONFERENCE PANEL
T BOTH TOP LIGHTS TURN ON WHEN ON MONITORINGPOSITION ON THAT NET.
I.. .. .. ..
RIGHT TOP LIGHT TURNS ON WHEN THAT NET
IS BEING UTILIZED.
FI " RIGHT TOP LIGHT AND BOTTOM LIGHT TURN
ON WHEN ON TALK AND RECEIVE POSITION
I ON THAT NETI
DIRECT NET PANELILEFT TOP LIGHT TURNS ON WHEN ON MONITORING
POSITION ON THAT NET.
I RIGHT TOP LIGHT AND BOTTOM LIGHT TURN ON
WHEN ON TALK AND RECEIVE POSITION ON
THAT NET. Owe A 1210
Fig. 5-5 Communication Panel Split-Lens Indicator Configurations
V 5-9
PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES
[ii(WDL-TR2'007
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PHILC-O WESTERN .o,.. DEEOPETAORATORIES
WDL-TR2007
The momentary LAMP TEST pushbutton is used to check all conference
and operational net light indicators. Each conference and operational
net panel combination assigned to a control panel uses the one LAMP TEST
pushbutton. The POWER ON lamp of the control panel indicates when power
is supplied to the communication panels.
The net signalling is automatically activated by switching the
direct net select toggle switch to the talk monitor position. The
signal will remain activated intermittently until the signaled operator
answers the net called. A speaker monitor facility may also accompany
the communication control panel and the set of net and conference
select panels.
5.2.6 Human Factors Engineering Comments
Although the new control area communication panels are installed
to facilitate operational procedures, they fall short of the desired
human engineering approach to design and ease of operation. This new
V panel requires more human action than the simple communication panels
presently being used at other stations (ATS and TTS).
T
- 5.3 NHS COMMUNICATIONS
The comments pertaining to this portion of the report were derived
from an on-station survey of the communication subsystem. Observations,
personal interviews with console and equipment operators, and data sheets
similar to those used at VTS were incorporated in the study.
1 5.3.1 NHS Communication Equipment
The communication equipment used at NHS was standardized, but
not to any great extent. The previous program communication equipment
and the equipment presently being used represented six types of panels
and no (3) net select jackboxes.
7- 5-11
PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES
IWDL-TR2007
One of the greatest operational setbacks involved the lack of
monitor speakers on the communication panels. At certain operator
positions, additional dial phones were supplemented to handle additional
administrative calls. The speaker monitors were remote, and the controls
for the monitors were in locations away from the operator's position.
Other items which caused confusion were components such as the
net select release button. The release button would release any one of
the net select buttons activated in the first row of six buttons, but
could not deactivate any one of the net select buttons depressed in the
second or third row. The net select button depressed in the second or
third row could only be deactivated by partially depressing one of the
buttons in the same row.
The line volume level dropped off from time to time; therefore,
the operators in the high ambient noise level areas added transistorized
line amplifiers to their headsets to compensate for the background noise.
As compared with VTS, however, all dial phones on the cominica-
tion panels were activated and all net select buttons were correctly
identified and clearly labeled. Furthermore, the communication jack
outlets in back of the communication panels were of the same type as
those on the front, which enabled the same type of headsets to be used
for operations on either side. Although the public address system was
designed as a ten-zone system, it is used primarily as a one-zone system. I
5.3.2 NHS Communication Equipment Locations
The NHS communication equipment locations were good, but could
be improved. On-station modifications of the equipment locations placed
some of the communications panels in areas not agreeable with good human
engineering practice: on top of the writing shelf of the M.C.C., one
communication panel below the other, jack outlets, 4-1/2 in. off the
floor hidden under a door, and so forth.
5-12
PHILCO wEB.RN oRLM. BAR
7
WDL-TR2007
The actual locations of the communication equipment in the
building and vans at NHS are shown in Figs. 5-7 through 5-14.
5.3.3 NHS Comnunication Net Configuration
The net configuration for NHS consisted of 13 nets, one S.T.C.
hotline, and one special net. During operations, five full nets are in
use for tracking and commanding functions.
The 13 nets are identified as follows:
j 1 Command net
2 Tracking net
3A Maintenance and Checkout, D.A.P. Building
I33B Maintenance and Checkout, DIR Building
3C Maintenance and Checkout, A/T Building
I 3D Maintenance and Checkout, C/T Building
3E 698BJ net
3F S/S F net
I 3G PICE net
3H Instrumentation and Calibration
4 Supervisory net
5 Discoverer Command and T/M netI6 Discoverer Tracking net
5-13
rruHILC WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES
1WDL-TR2007
DATA TRANSMISSION VAN
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COMMUNICATION JACK OUTLET LOCATED WITHIN ANTENNA ENCLOSURE
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Fig. 5-7 Data Transmission and Simulator Vans
5-14
PHILCO W.STZN DEVELOPMENT LABORAT0o1.E
WDL-TR2007
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S..Fig. 5-8 Instrumentation, Telemetry andRadar Vans
5-15
PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LABORATORE
WDL-TR2007
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5-16
PHILCO WKifTERN DEVKLOPM NT LAMORATORIES
WDL&TR2007
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Since N.H.S. has special project operations going on from time
to time, it was felt that separations were necessary in the net configu-
ration as listed above. If a new program board communication design is
to be used for the future system, five operational nets could easily
handle the whole operational system.
5.3.4 NHS-Comunication Panel Hardware
The NHS communication panel hardware is not the approved military
standard type. The net select pushbutton control surfaces are smaller
than the required control surface diameter stated in Military Standard
803. The same switch is also used to activate the signal "on-off"
function with an additional twisting control motion which is quite
confusing.
A highly desirable component which was not included on any panel
is a "lamp test" pushbutton for checking the indicator lights of all the
net select switches. Several lights were out on the couunication
panels, and it was quite difficult to determine which nets were activated.
Furthermore, unlabeled toggle switches were present in the control
areas, some of which were placed in awkward locations.
5.3.5 NHS Human Factors Engineering Comments
The existing NHS operational communication equipment handles the
operational system adequately, but could be improved by the incorporation
of standardized components and Human-Engineered communication panels. t
Flexibility and adaptability to various operational and admin-
istrative systems were lacking because of the absence of a speaker
monitoring facility on the operational comunication panel.
Additional equipment mounted on the communication panel at a
later date should have been of the same type as the rest of the control
components on the panel, since both types perform the same control
functions.
5-22
PHILC0 WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LAORATORIK8
WDLTR2007
There should have been closer coordination between the manufacturer
and Human Factors Engineering on the design of the communication panels.
An operational communication panel utilizing a new concept in communica-
tion operation is being designed at present for NHS.
5.4 ATS CMMUNICATIONS
The communication subsystem described in the following paragraphs
is presently installed and operating at ATS. The operations described
are typical of the tracking, comnanding, prepass, and postpass functions
of ATS.
The ATS communication survey was conducted in much the same manner
as those for VTS and NHS. However, several exceptions made possible
a more complete analysis of the ATS communication subsystem:
a. More time was spent at ATS
b. Several actual tracking operations were monitored, and
c. Personal interviews were held with all operators.
5.4.1 General Comments
The operational procedures, design, placement, and allocation
I of the communication equipment was far superior at ATS than at NHS or VTS.
The operators were completely satisfied with the communication equipment,
I which had been designed specifically for their operational system.
Although the Human-Engineered communication panels were not manu-
factured with the appearance and hardware recommended by Human Engineer-
ing (Fig. 5-15), the panel produced by the manufacturer (Fig. 5-16)
1. remained the same. As a result, the operational procedures were not
affected in any manner.
V
5-23
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PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES
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The communication panels and the communication jackboxes
(Fig. 5-17) were used to the fullest capacity during prepass, postpass,
and actual operations. All the hardware on the panels and jackboxes
proved to be essential for normal operations. No components on the
Human-Engineered communication panel proved to be unnecessary. On- Istation modifications were made on the control positions requiring extra
operational capabilities with air/ground communications, the S.T.A., and
the antenna pedestals. Figure 5-18 illustrates the communication sub-
system for ATS. 3All communication panels and jackboxes are circuited onto three
operational nets. Although each of the nets are designated for specific
operations, they can be used interchangeably. The third net is used
for maintenance, as a spare for handling special requirements, or as Ia backup in the event the first or second net fails. I
The operators felt that the communication equipment was designed
well enough that the operation of the equipment was self indicative.
As far as the location of the communication equipment is con-
cerned, there were only four places in which allocation of one more
panel and the relocation of two jackboxes and a panel could have
facilitated more efficient operation.
The ATS operational comiunication subsystem consists of the I
following equipment:
13 panels
8 jackboxes
1 air/ground control
3 air/ground Jack outlets
9 sound-powered phones
1 S.T.A. speaker monitor
2 public address controls j
5-26 1
PHILC- WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LAORATOR E3 I
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WDL-TR2007
2 A.S.R. 28 teletypes
1 operator turret control and ancillary crypto equipment
located in seven vans, and antenna structures of both the
transmitting and receiving areas (Figs. 5-19 through 5-25).
5.4.2 Comunication Panel
The communication panel shown in Fig. 5-16 consists of the follow-
ing equipment:
1 loudspeaker
2 headset jack outlets
2 volume controls
1 lamp test button
1 1 signal button
1 PABX dial
j 1 rotary net select switch
1 microphone indicator light
5 indicator switches
Loudspeaker Monitor
The loudspeaker enables the operator to monitor a net with-
out using a headset. It also provides the capability of monitoring two
I operational nets or of monitoring an operational net while using the
PABX phone. Instead of using the headsets during non-operational
}_ periods, the ATS operators usually employed the loudspeaker monitor
when working near the communication panels.
- Loudspeaker Volume Control
l l The SPEAKER VOL. control adjusts the loudspeaker output
level.
Loudspeaker Net Select Switch
The SPEAKER NET SELECT rotary switch turns on the loudspeaker
and enables the selection of three operational communication nets.
1 5-29
PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENTL
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PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES
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PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMUNT LABORATORIES
WDL-TR2007
Lamp Test Pushbutton
The LAMP TEST pushbutton enables a quick check of all light
indicators on the panel. it is usually employed during a prepass check-
out prior to the first orbit operation.
Headset-Jack-Outlets
Two HEADSET Jack outlets are connected in parallel on the
communication panel and on the jackbox. The signal gain is adjusted by
the HEADSET VOL. control. Another jack outlet is provided on the back
of the panel for maintenance, alignment, and calibration purposes.
Additional jack outlets connected in parallel with those on existing
panels and jackboxes are provided in various station locations (antenna
I: pedestals, radar van, TIM van, etc., as shown in Figs. 5-19 through 5-25).
Net Select Pushbutton Indicators
The NET SELECT pushbutton indicators enable the selection of
three operational nets and the PABX line. A HOLD pushbutton indicator
is also provided and is used only with PABX calls. Only one net can be
selected at a time by pressing the appropriate pushbutton.
Net 1 is the tracking net; and during tracking operations,
the following operating positions are assigned:
1. Tracking Controller
2. Tracker
3. Range
4. Radar Computer
5. Data
6. Receivers
7. Recorders
8. Instrumentation
:5-37
PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES
WDL-TR2007
9. Quad Helix
10. Acquisition Programmer
11. Converter
12. Plotboard
13. Timing
14. Teletype
15. Doppler Receiver I16. Doppler Transmitter INet 2 is the command net; and during commanding operations,
the following operating positions are assigned: I
1. Command Controller
2. Telemetry Supervisor
3. C.E.C. Recorder
4. Decomutator #1
5. Decommutator #2
6. Radar Supervisor
Net 3 is designated as the maintenance, alignment, calibra-
tion, and backup net and is used by certain tracking and comnanding jjpositions during prepass and checkout operations. When special require-
ments are added onto the checkout or fly-by tasks, net 3 is used.--
The PABX pushbutton indicator is used for activating the
dial phone. Pressing the PABX pushbutton indicator automatically
disengages any one of the other four pushbuttons and permits the
operator to dial local interstation or intrastation numbers. Headsets Uare used with the panel PASX dials.
5-38
P IWTERN DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES
WDL-TR2007
The HOLD pushbutton indicator is used to hold any incoming
PABX calls on the outside line without interfering with the operational
net in use. The HOLD pushbutton will remain activated until the PABX
pushbutton is pressed. The PABX pushbutton is the only switch which
will deactivate the HOLD pushbutton.
Mike indicator
The MIKE indicator lights to show that the microphone of
the panel is "on" and transmission is taking place. The MIKE indicator
was designed primarily to prevent any open mike conditions. At ATS mike
buttons for the headsets have frequently stuck and remained open after
normal transmission.
Signal Pushbutton
The signal pushbutton is used for alerting individuals on
jthe selected net with both an audio and visual signal. At ATS, the
signal button is put to another use: the station controller uses it,
) at ETA-45, to alert all the operators in the transmitting and receiving
areas at the start of the prepass checkout.
Headset Volume Control
The HEADSET VOL. control adjusts the signal output level
for the headsets.
PABX Dial
The PABX dial is used in conjunction with the PABX pushbutton
j indicator for dialing any local station or outside numbers. In comparison
to VTS, much time was saved and extra operations were eliminated from
the ATS tracking personnel activities because the PABX dials were
activated on all the ATS communication panels. Local outside calls are
made by dialing "9" and the outside number. This can be done from any
PABX dial phone. Conference calls are made by dialing "81" on the PABX
dial phone. A maximum of four persons plus the operator on the operator's
turret may dial into the conference call from any dial phone on the station.
HE T5-39
PHILCO WSENDVLPETLBRTRE
'DL4-.2007
5.4.3 Net Select Jackbox
The net select jackbox, shown in Fig. 5-17, has limited capabilities
in comparison to the conunication panel. The jackboxes were placed in
operational positions which did not require the flexibility and capa-
bilities of the communication panel. The hardware mounted on the Jack-
box consists of the following items:
3 net select pushbutton indicators
1 volume control
2 headset jack outlets
1 "mike" indicator light
5.4.4 lublic Address System
The public address (P.A.) system at ATS is a two-zone system
(Fig. 5-26). It is activated by dialing "86" from any station PABX dial
phone or through the station controller's operational P.A. access panel.
The P.A. capability through the access panel overrides the dial-on P.A.
capability. The dial-on capability ("86") puts the P.A. system on an
entire single-zone system and combines both the tracking and receiving
area P.A. nets. The P.A. system loudspeakers are in various locations
of both the transmitting and receiving areas, as indicated in Figs. 5-19
through 5-26.
5.4.5 Public Address Access Panel
The public address access panel (Fig. 5-27), located in the Iconsole bay between the comand controller bay and the station controller
bay, is used for controlling the public address system and the alternate
voice/teletype line to S.T.C. This panel houses the following items:
Mike input jack plug
1 Mike switch jack plug
1 Speaker Test button
3 Net select buttons
3 Toggle switches
5-40lI
PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES
WDL-TR2007
ZONE I ZONE 2
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ADMINISTRATIVE PUBLICTELEPHONES ADDRESSAMLFE
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Fig. 5-26 ATS Public Address System
5-41
PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LANORATORIES
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1 Teletype/Voice
1 PABX/Supervisor telephone
1 Hotline Page/Hotline Ring
2 Volume controls
1 Hotline Speaker
1 Net Speaker
The public address access panel, which was not Human-Engineered,
is quite different from the ones used at either NHS or VTS. The ATS
system is a two-zone system, whereas the NHS and VTS systems are both
ten-zone systems. The ATS two-zone (plus combination of both zones)
system has eliminated much of the unnecessary hardware and controls found
on both NHS and VTS P.A. access panels.
Mike Jack Plugs
ji The mike jack plugs are the connecting points for the micro-
phone to the P.A. speaker system.
Speaker Test Pushbutton
The SPKR TEST pushbutton is used to check the P.A. speakers
located in both the transmitting and receiving areas. The speakers are
tested with the transmission of a high frequency sound over the P.A.
system.
P.A. Net Select
The three P.A. NET SELECT pushbuttons are used for selecting
the area in which the station controller desires to activate the P.A.
system.
Net 1 is used to activate the P.A. system in the transmitting
area. Net 2 is used to activate the P.A. system in the receiving area.
Net 1 and 2 is used to activate the P.A. system in both the transmitting
and receiving areas.
H5-43
SPHILCO w.SEN ... PET AOATRM
WDL-TR2007
Teletype/Voice Toggle Switch
The TELETYPE/VOICE toggle switch is used for directing the
use of the alternate teletype/voice circuit. This circuit is one of the
cormunication links between S.T.A. and ATS and is used for sending
teletype tracking data, receiving acquisition messages, or conveying
verbal messages to and from S.T.A.
PABX/Supervisor Telephone-Toggle Switch
The PABX/SUPERVISOR TELEPHONE toggle switch is used for
circuiting the incoming S.T.A. calls onto either the station controller's
headset or the station PABX system.
Hotline Page/Hotline Ring Toggle Switch
The HOTLINE PAGE/HOTLINE RING toggle switch is used for
circuiting the S.T.C. call in parallel to both the transmitting and
receiving area speaker systems. When the toggle switch is switched to
the HOTLINE RING position, it signals the control position at S.T.C.
Hotline Speaker Volume Control
The HOTLINE SPEAKER VOLUME control is used for controlling
the output signal level of the hotline speaker on the van wall in front
of the control console of the A&C van.
Net Speaker Volume Control
The NET SPEAKER VOLUME control is used for controlling the
output signal level of the net speaker.
Fuse Holder
The FUSE holder houses the P.A. access panel fuse.
5.4.6 Operator Turret
The operator turret (Fig. 5-28), placed on top of the overhang
of the amplifier rack in the A&C van, is used as the station PABX switch-
board. The turret houses 70 round indicator switches, 8 twist indicator
5-44
PHILCO WSTERN DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES
I Wlo-TR2007
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5-454
PHILO WETERNDEVEOPMET LAORATRIE
WDL-TR2007
switches, 1 PABX dial, and I handset. The switches and dial of the
turret are used as the controls for conferencing, placing long distance
calls, paging, holding, connecting incoming calls into station locals,
monitoring, and switching operator calls into the living area PABX dial
phone during off-duty hours.
The operator's turret should have been located in the communication
van (as previously recommended by Human Factors) instead of in the
congested A&C van.
5.4.7 Sound-Powered Phones
The sound-powered phones, located in various areas (Figs. 5-19,
5-20, 5-21, and 5-25), are used mainly for antenna maintenance, align-
ment, and calibration operations. They are never used for tracking or
commanding operations.
The sound-powered system is divided into two areas: transmitting
and receiving. Each of the independent systems is connected between
the antenna structure, antenna, and their respective controls. The
only operational position having access to both of the sound-powered
nets is located under the overhang of the station controller's console
(Fig. 5-29).
5.4.8 Communication Links
The ATS communication links consist of the following (Fig. 5-30): .
1 Teletype line to S.T.C. (100 wpm)
1 Alternate voice/teletype line to S.T.C. (100 wpm)
1 Air/ground communication (transmit and receive)
2 PABX long-distance trunks
5-46
PHILCO W,,,,UN DEVELOPMNT LAONAORIK, .
WDL-TR2007
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5-47
PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LABORATOPRES
WDL-TR2007
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WDL-TR2007I
100 wpm Teletype
The 100 wpm teletype line sends and receives data to and
from S.T.C. and is used mostly as a date link. The teletype equipment
I which sends this data is an A.S.R. 28 located in the communication van.
Alternate Voice/Te:letype
The alternate voice/teletype line to S.T.C. is also a 100
wpm line. It is used for transmitting and receiving administrative as
well as operational messages. The controlling switch determining the
mode of transmission or reception is located on the Public Address
f access panel (TELETYPE/VOICE toggle switch). When the voice portion of
the alternate voice/teletype system is being used, the transmission and
reception of teletype messages are handled on the second A.S.R. 28 in
the communication van.
Air/Ground Communication
The air/ground communication is conducted over government-
J. furnished equipment (G.F.E.) consisting of AN/GRT 3 and AN/GRR 7
located in the communications van (Fig. 5-23).
The fly-by operations are conducted over the air/ground
fequipment to calibrate and check out ground station telemetry andtracking equipment.
FPABX Long Distance (Long Lines)
The PABX long distance calls are made through Ketchikan.
There are two trunks available for making administrative or operational
calls. These two trunks are also the back-up lines for voice trans-
fmissions to S.T.C. in event the alternate voice/teletype link fails.5.4.9 ATS Communication Equipment Locations
The ATS communication equipment locations were excellent, except
for four locations: three in the radar van and one in the instrumentation
van.
H5E49
PHILCO WESER, EVLPMNTLBOAORE
WDL-TR2007
To satisfy the added requirements for the instrumentation van,
on-station modifications were made by circuiting an additional jack out-
let parallel to the existing communication equipment in the required
area.
Two jackboxes and one communication panel were installed in non-
recommended locations of the radar van. One jackbox was mounted under
the orbital computer console, and the other mounted as the bottom panel
of the timing rack located in the rear of the radar van.
The main communication panel of the radar van was positioned
(after console fabrication) 74 in. above the floor on top of the radar
console, which was the only possible area in which it could have been
mounted. It is impossible for the operator to make any changes in
communication operations from the normal seated operating position.
The jackbox mounted under the orbital computer is recessed, located
12 in. off the van floor, and cannot be seen by a standing operator.
The operation of this jackbox is quite awkward because of the excessive
stooping required to depress the net select button or to plug the head-
set into the jack outlet.
The jackbox mounted as a panel of the timing rack in the rear
of the radar van is in a location only 18 in. off the van floor. At
times, test equipment left on the floor in front of this panel would
completely obscure the three-net select jack panel. A parallel jack
outlet, slaved to this three-net jack panel, is located on the van wall
77 in. off the floor behind the orbital computer. This jack outlet is
used by the orbital computer operator instead of the assigned three-net
jackbox under the orbital computer. The solution to this problem would
be to mount the jackbox on top of the orbital computer (as originally
recommended by Human Factors Engineering).
5-50
PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES
WDL-TR2007
The same condition exists for the jackbox mounted on the panel
J" spaces above the backbox panel: no effort is being made to move the
jackbox panel into a more operable location as recommended by Human
Factors.
The positioning of the operator turret in back of the G.E. 701
operator position in the A&C van was not recommended by Human Factors
Engineering. Because the turret is located in such a position, the
f command rack transistorized boards have limited access for maintenance.
1. Since the jackbox relocations would require field modification
change orders, the operators are satisfying their operational communi-
cation requirements by using other available jack outlets as substitutes.
5.4.10 Recommendations
The following recommendations are made by Human Factors
Engineering:
a. The present voice communication subsystem was designed anddeveloped prior to the compliance date of AF/SSD 62-44A"Human Engineering for the Air Force Satellite ControlSystem", dated 1 July 1962. As a result, only MIL-STD-803was used as a design guide. Therefore, functional and taskanalyses as well as a design assurance activity should beperformed.
b. When operational equipment is moved out of prime rack orconsole control areas, control panels or communicationequipment in outlying rack-console areas should be moved in-1to the vacant areas.
c. On-station hardware modification requests should be handledin an expeditious manner and released as soon as possible[for on-station implementation.
d. Request for communication modifications on-stations shouldcome directly through Human Factors Engineering so thatimmediate action can be taken or coordinated.
e. In order to alleviate the congested A&C van situation, theV operator turret and operator should be moved into thecommunication van, thus providing more working space for theconsole operators.
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f. The operator turret should have a "lamp test" switch forchecking all of the 78 indicators and a volume control forthe handset. (The operator cannot hear well when the G.E.701 tape system is operating.)
g. If a Reeves type radar console is to be used for futureprograms, a location for a coumunication panel should bedesigned into the controlling area of the console.
h. Closer contact should be established between the communicationequipment manufacturer and Human Factors Engineering duringthe initial design and pre-production phases of the product.This will help to prevent the incorporation of any undesired,non-standard hardware in the ordered equipment and wouldresult in a product representative of the Human FactorsEngineering effort.
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