Cyberoam IPS Implementation Guide

Cyberoam IPS Implementation Guide Version 9

Document version 95824-1.0-17/12/2008

Cyberoam IPS Implementation Guide

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IMPORTANT NOTICE Elitecore has supplied this Information believing it to be accurate and reliable at the time of printing, but is presented without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. Users must take full responsibility for their application of any products. Elitecore assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. Elitecore reserves the right, without notice to make changes in product design or specifications. Information is subject to change without notice. USERS LICENSE The Appliance described in this document is furnished under the terms of Elitecores End User license agreement. Please read these terms and conditions carefully before using the Appliance. By using this Appliance, you agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this license. If you do not agree with the terms of this license, promptly return the unused Appliance and manual (with proof of payment) to the place of purchase for a full refund. LIMITED WARRANTY Software: Elitecore warrants for a period of ninety (90) days from the date of shipment from Elitecore: (1) the media on which the Software is furnished will be free of defects in materials and workmanship under normal use; and (2) the Software substantially conforms to its published specifications except for the foregoing, the software is provided AS IS. This limited warranty extends only to the customer as the original licenses. Customers exclusive remedy and the entire liability of Elitecore and its suppliers under this warranty will be, at Elitecore or its service centers option, repair, replacement, or refund of the software if reported (or, upon, request, returned) to the party supplying the software to the customer. In no event does Elitecore warrant that the Software is error free, or that the customer will be able to operate the software without problems or interruptions. Elitecore hereby declares that the anti virus and anti spam modules are powered by Kaspersky Labs and Commtouch respectively and the performance thereof is under warranty provided by Kaspersky Labs and by Commtouch. It is specified that Kaspersky Lab does not warrant that the Software identifies all known viruses, nor that the Software will not occasionally erroneously report a virus in a title not infected by that virus. Hardware: Elitecore warrants that the Hardware portion of the Elitecore Products excluding power supplies, fans and electrical components will be free from material defects in workmanship and materials for a period of One (1) year. Elitecore's sole obligation shall be to repair or replace the defective Hardware at no charge to the original owner. The replacement Hardware need not be new or of an identical make, model or part; Elitecore may, in its discretion, replace the defective Hardware (or any part thereof) with any reconditioned product that Elitecore reasonably determines is substantially equivalent (or superior) in all material respects to the defective Hardware. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY Except as specified in this warranty, all expressed or implied conditions, representations, and warranties including, without limitation, any implied warranty or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement or arising from a course of dealing, usage, or trade practice, and hereby excluded to the extent allowed by applicable law. In no event will Elitecore or its supplier be liable for any lost revenue, profit, or data, or for special, indirect, consequential, incidental, or punitive damages however caused and regardless of the theory of liability arising out of the use of or inability to use the product even if Elitecore or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. In the event shall Elitecores or its suppliers liability to the customer, whether in contract, tort (including negligence) or otherwise, exceed the price paid by the customer. The foregoing limitations shall apply even if the above stated warranty fails of its essential purpose. In no event shall Elitecore or its supplier be liable for any indirect, special, consequential, or incidental damages, including, without limitation, lost profits or loss or damage to data arising out of the use or inability to use this manual, even if Elitecore or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages.

RESTRICTED RIGHTS Copyright 1999-2008 Elitecore Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved. Cyberoam, Cyberoam logo are trademark of Elitecore Technologies Ltd. CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS Elitecore Technologies Ltd. 904 Silicon Tower, Off. C.G. Road, Ahmedabad 380015, INDIA Phone: +91-79-26405600 Fax: +91-79-26407640 Web site: www.elitecore.com , www.cyberoam.com


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Technical Support

You may direct all questions, comments, or requests concerning the software you purchased, your registration status, or similar issues to Customer care/service department at the following address: Corporate Office eLitecore Technologies Ltd. 904, Silicon Tower Off C.G. Road Ahmedabad 380015 Gujarat, India. Phone: +91-79-66065606 Fax: +91-79-26407640 Web site: www.elitecore.com Cyberoam contact: Technical support (Corporate Office): +91-79-26400707 Email: [email protected] Web site: www.cyberoam.com Visit www.cyberoam.com for the regional and latest contact information.


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Typographic Conventions

Material in this manual is presented in text, screen displays, or command-line notation.

Item Convention Example

Server Machine where Cyberoam Software - Server component is installed

Client Machine where Cyberoam Software - Client component is installed

User The end user Username Username uniquely identifies the user of the system Part titles Bold and

shaded font typefaces Report

Topic titles Shaded font typefaces Introduction

Subtitles Bold & Black typefaces Notation conventions

Navigation link Bold typeface Group Management Groups Create it means, to open the required page click on Group management then on Groups and finally click Create tab

Name of a particular parameter / field / command button text

Lowercase italic type

Enter policy name, replace policy name with the specific name of a policy Or Click Name to select where Name denotes command button text which is to be clicked

Cross references

Hyperlink in different color

refer to Customizing User database Clicking on the link will open the particular topic

Notes & points to remember

Bold typeface between the black borders

Note

Prerequisites Bold typefaces between the black borders

Prerequisite Prerequisite details


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Contents Technical Support ............................................................................................................ 3 Typographic Conventions................................................................................................. 4 Notation conventions........................................................................................................ 4

Overview ................................................................................................................ 6 IPS .......................................................................................................................... 6 Cyberoam IPS........................................................................................................ 8

Create IPS Policy ............................................................................................................. 9 Enable/Disable Category................................................................................................ 11 Signature Configuration.................................................................................................. 12 Update IPS policy........................................................................................................... 14 Delete IPS policy ............................................................................................................ 15 Search IPS Signature..................................................................................................... 16 Create Custom Signature............................................................................................... 17 Update Custom Signature .............................................................................................. 19 Delete Custom Signature ............................................................................................... 21 Custom Signature syntax ............................................................................................... 22 Monitoring IPS................................................................................................................ 27 Manage IPS.................................................................................................................... 28


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Overview Welcome to Cyberoams IPS Implementation guide. Cyberoam is an Identity-based UTM Appliance. Cyberoams solution is purpose-built to meet the security needs of corporates, government organizations, and educational institutions. Cyberoams perfect blend of best-of-breed solutions includes user based Firewall, Content filtering, Anti Virus, Anti Spam, Intrusion Detection and Prevention (IPS), and VPN. Cyberoam provides increased LAN security by providing separate port for connecting to the publicly accessible servers like Web server, Mail server, FTP server etc. hosted in DMZ which are visible the external world and still have firewall protection. Cyberoam is a real time intrusion detection and prevention system that protects your network from known and unknown attacks by worms and viruses, hackers and other internet risks. Cyberoam appliance at the perimeter of your network analyzes all traffic and prevents attacks from reaching your network. Whether it is a worm, a suspicious web request, a hacker targeting your mail server or any other attack - it simply does not get through. IPS module is an subscription module, which needs to be subscribed before use. From version 9.5.8, Cyberoams Intrusion Detection & Prevention (IDP) feature has been renamed as Cyberoam Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) to better reflect the comprehensive capabilities of addressing intrusions. The change in name is a step forward to communicate our robust intrusion prevention capabilities in an industry-standard language. To reflect the change, Web Admin Console menus, submenus and screens are also replaced with "IPS". Please read IDP as IPS in the screen shots and images included in the guide.

IPS An IPS system is a type of security management system that gathers and analyzes information from a network to identify possible security breaches, which include both intrusions - attacks from outside the organization and misuse - attacks from within the organization. IPS detects and/or prevents malicious activity such as denial of service attacks, port-scans or even attempts to crack into computers by monitoring network traffic. To detect such activity, IPSs use Signatures. Whenever the matching traffic pattern to Signature is found, IPS triggers the alarm and blocks the traffic in reaching its destination. Standard IPS allows defining a global policy that can be applied to source-destination networks/hosts/ports combination. This global policy can be modified or tuned as per the requirement but cannot be tailored per network or per host. As global policy is a general policy for all, standard IPSs generate high amount of false positives and this makes it difficult to pinpoint the host generating malicious traffic or vice verse.


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Fine tuning global policy means disabling set of signatures for all the networks/hosts. However, this may not be a fit-for-all policy, hence might reduce false positives from one network while increase from another and may not even detect certain obvious malicious activity.


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Cyberoam IPS Cyberoam IPS also uses Signatures to identify the malicious activity on the network but instead of providing only one policy (global) for managing multiple networks/hosts, allows to tailor the policy per network/host i.e. allows to defining multiple policies for managing multiple networks/hosts. Cyberoam IPS consists of a signature engine with a predefined database of signatures. Pre-defined signatures are not editable. As per your network requirements, Cyberoam allows you to define multiple policies instead of one global policy, to decrease packet latency and reduce false positives. Policy allows you to view Cyberoam predefined signatures and customize the intrusion prevention configuration at the category as well as individual signature level. Categories are signatures grouped together based on the application and protocol vulnerabilities. Each IPS policy contains a set of signatures that the Cyberoam searches for, and log and block and allows to: Enable or disable category from IPS protection Enable or disable individual signature in a category to tailor IPS protection based on your

network environment Define the action to be taken when the matching traffic pattern is found. Cyberoam can either

detect or drop the connection. In either of the case, Cyberoam generates the log and alerts the Network Administrator.

To enable the intrusion detection and prevention functionality, apply the policy using firewall rule. You can create rule to apply single policy for all the user/networks different policies for different users/networks or hosts

As firewall rules control all traffic passing through the Cyberoam and decides whether to allow or drop the connection, IPS policy will be applied to only that traffic/packet which firewall passes.


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Create IPS Policy

Create and deploy IPS policies to block malicious or suspicious traffic and increase security productivity. Policy allows you to view Cyberoam-IPS signatures and configure the handling of signatures by category or on a signature-by-signature basis. Select IPS Policy Create to open the create IPS policy page

Screen Create IPS policy

Screen Elements Description

Create IPS policy Name Specify policy name. Choose a name that best describes the policy Policy Description Specify full description of the policy Create button Creates policy. On successful creation of policy, define what action

is to be taken when traffic matches with any of the signatures. By default, all the categories are enabled but individual signatures within the category are set to Detect or Drop mode.


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Refer Enable/Disable Category to enable or disable any individual category. Refer Signature Configuration to configure individual signature within the category for intrusion prevention and detection.

Cancel button Cancels the current operation and returns to Manage IPS policy page

Table Create IPS policy screen elements


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Enable/Disable Category

Select IPS Policy Manage to view the list of policies created Click the policy for which you want to enable/disable category

Click Edit mark against the Category to enabled/disabled.

Green check mark indicates that the Category is enabled

Red Cross indicates that the category is disabled

Screen Enable/Disable Category


Edit IPS Category Category Displays Category name Policy Displays Policy to which the Category will be enabled/disabled Enabled Select ON to include the category for detection and prevention.

Select OFF to exclude the category from detection and prevention. Excluding the category is same as not implementing IPS for the particular category. Refer Signature Configuration to set the IPS mode for individual signature within the category.

Save button Saves the settings Cancel button Cancels the current operation and returns to Manage IPS policy page

Table Enable/Disable Category screen elements


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Signature Configuration

Select IPS Policy Manage to view the list of policies created Click the policy for which you want to configure signature

Click next to the Category name for which the Signature is to be configured. It displays the list of signatures. It displays the list of signatures included in the category and what action Cyberoam will take if the signature is identified. Click Signature Name to view the details of the Signature Green check mark indicates that the Signature is enabled Red Cross indicates that the Signature is disabled

Click Edit mark against the Signature to be configured to configure the signature


Configure Signature Signature Displays Signature name Policy Displays Policy name Enabled To perform Intrusion prevention and detection i.e. to take action if

signature is detected, you need to enable Signature. Select ON to include the Signature for detection and prevention Select OFF to exclude the Signature from detection and prevention process


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IPS mode (Only if Enabled is ON)

Set the IPS mode (detect and drop) for the signature to suit your needs. Drop mode If the matching traffic pattern is detected, Cyberoam logs the details, gives the alert to the Administrator and drops the packets that triggered the IPS, resets the connection and prevents the traffic to reach its destination. Detect mode If the matching traffic pattern is detected, Cyberoam logs the details and gives alert to the Administrator, but does not take any action against the traffic and the connection proceeds to its intended destination.

Save button Saves the settings Cancel button Cancels the current operation and returns to Manage IPS policy

page Table Configure Signature screen elements


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Update IPS policy

Use to Enable/Disable Category Configure Individual Signature

Select IPS Policy Manage and click Policy name to be modified

Screen Update IPS policy screen


Edit IPS policy Name Displays policy name Policy Description Displays full description of the policy, modify if required. Displays list enabled and disabled Categories for the policy

Refer to Enable/Disable Category for details. If the category is disabled, it will not be included in prevention and detection of Intrusions. Click next to the Category name for which the Signature is to be configured. It displays the list of signatures in the Category. Refer to Configure Signatures to enable/disable and set IPS mode for individual signature within the category.

Save button Updates and saves policy description Cancel button Cancels the current operation and returns to Manage IPS policy page

Table Update IPS policy screen elements


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Delete IPS policy

Select IPS Policy Manage to view list of policies

Screen Delete IPS policy screen


Del Select policy for deletion Click Del to select More than one policy can also be selected

Select All Select all the policies for deletion Click Select All to select all the policies

Delete button Deletes all the selected policy/policies Table - Delete IPS policy screen element


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Search IPS Signature

You can search signature database by signature ID or signature name. If policy is not specified in the search criteria, search result will not display the action that will be taken when matching pattern is found. Search result displays: Signature ID as defined by Cyberoam Signature name and category in which signature is included by Cyberoam Whether Signature is enabled for use or not. Because signature is enabled from the IPS policy,

Enabled field will be blank if IPS policy is not specified in the search criteria. Proposed action by Cyberoam The proposed action is set by Cyberoam cannot be modified.

It is the default action that will be taken by Cyberoam when matching traffic pattern is detected. Action It is the action that is specified in the IPS policy and will be taken by Cyberoam when

matching traffic pattern is detected. If the proposed action and action specified in the policy differ then the action specified in the policy is taken i.e. action specified in the policy overrides proposed action. As action is specified in the IPS policy, Action field will be blank if IPS policy is not specified in the search criteria.

Screen Search Signature

Screen Search Result


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Create Custom Signature

Custom signatures provide the flexibility to customize IPS for diverse network environments. Default signatures included in Cyberoam cover common attacks while custom signatures protect your network from uncommon attacks that are due to the use of proprietary server, custom protocol, or specialized applications used in the corporate network. Create custom signature to define custom IPS signatures for your own network and use to allow or block specific traffic. Select IPS Custom Signature Create

Screen Create Custom Signature


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Custom Signature Custom Signature Name

Specify signature name. Choose a name that best describes the signature

Protocol Specify protocol Custom Rule Specify signature

Signature definition must begin with keyword followed by the value enclosed between the double quotes and must end with semicolon (;) Format: Keyword:value; E.g. content:USER JOHN; If traffic with the content USER JOHN is detected, action defined in the policy will be taken.

Severity Specify severity level of the signature. Severity levels can be: Severity level can be Warning, Minor, Moderate, Major, or Critical

Custom Signature Mode Custom Signature mode

Select Default Mode. Mode decides what action to take if the pattern matching to the Signature is found. By default, mode is OFF disabled for all the policies. The default mode selected will be applicable for all the IPS policies. You can override the default mode of the signature for the each IPS policy. Select OFF to exclude signature from detection and/or prevention process Drop mode If any traffic that matches the signature is detected, Cyberoam logs the details, gives the alert to the Administrator, and automatically drops the packets that triggered IPS, resets the connection and prevents the traffic to reach its destination. Detect mode If any traffic that matches the signature is detected, Cyberoam logs the details and gives alert to the Administrator, but does not take any action against the traffic and the connection proceeds to its intended destination.

Override Policy Mode Displays complete list of policies Override Policy mode For each policy, set what action should be taken if traffic matching to

the signature is found Description Policy Description Specify full description of the policy Create button Creates signature. On successful creation of signature, define what

action is to be taken when traffic matches with the signature. Cancel button Cancels the current operation and returns to Manage IPS policy page

Table Create Custom Signature screen elements Note Custom signatures are an advanced feature that required through Networking knowledge and previous experience creating intrusion detection signatures.


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Update Custom Signature

Select IPS Custom Signature Manage to view list of policies

Screen Edit Custom Signature


Custom Signature Custom Signature Name

Displays signature name, modify if required

Protocol Displays protocol for which signature is created, modify if required Custom Rule Displays signature, modify if required


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Signature definition must begin with keyword followed by the value enclosed between the double quotes and must end with semicolon (;) Format: Keyword:value; E.g. content:USER JOHN; If traffic with the content USER JOHN is detected, action defined in the policy will be taken. Refer to Custom Signature Syntax for more details

Severity Displays severity level of the signature, modify if required Severity levels can be: Severity level can be Warning, Minor, Moderate, Major, or Critical

Custom Signature Mode Custom Signature mode

Display Default Mode, modify if required. Mode decides what action to take if the pattern matching to the Signature is found. By default, mode is OFF disabled for all the policies. The default mode selected will be applicable for all the IPS policies. You can override the default mode of the signature for the each IPS policy. Select OFF to exclude signature from detection and/or prevention process Drop mode If any traffic that matches the signature is detected, Cyberoam logs the details, gives the alert to the Administrator, and automatically drops the packets that triggered IPS, resets the connection and prevents the traffic to reach its destination. Detect mode If any traffic that matches the signature is detected, Cyberoam logs the details and gives alert to the Administrator, but does not take any action against the traffic and the connection proceeds to its intended destination.

Override Policy Mode Displays complete list of policies Override Policy mode For each policy, set what action should be taken if traffic matching

to the signature is found Description Policy Description Displays full description of the policy, modify if required Save button Saves the modified details Cancel button Cancels the current operation and returns to Manage IPS policy

page Table Edit Custom Signature screen elements


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Delete Custom Signature

Select IPS Custom Signature Manage to view list of signatures

Screen Delete Custom Signature screen elements


Del Select signature for deletion Click Del to select More than one signature can also be selected

Select All Select all the signature for deletion Click Select All to select all the signature

Delete button Deletes all the selected signature(s) Table Delete Custom Signature screen elements


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Custom Signature syntax

Keyword Value Usage

srcaddr/dstaddr

; The source/destination IP address

srcport/dstport

; The source/destination port

content ""; A string quoted within double quotes.

Multiple contents can be specified in one rule. The value can contain mixed text and binary data. The binary data is generally enclosed within the pipe (|) character.

nocase Can be used with content keyword only

NULL Ignore case in the content value

rawbytes Can be used with content keyword only

NULL Ignore any decoding. Look at the raw packet data

depth Can be used with content keyword only

; e.g. depth:5;

Look for the contents within the specified number of bytes of the payload. If the value of the depth keyword is smaller than the length of the value of the content keyword, this signature will never be matched

offset Can be used with content keyword only

; e.g. content:cgi-bin/phf;offset:4;depth:20;

Start looking for the contents after the specified number of bytes of the payload. This tag is an absolute value in the payload. Follow the offset tag with the depth tag to stop looking for a match after the value specified by the depth tag. If there is no depth specified, continue looking for a match until the end of the payload.

distance Can be used with content keyword only

; For example content :"ABC";content:"DEF"; distance:1;

Search for the contents the specified number of bytes relative to the end of the previously matched contents. The distance tag could be followed with the within tag. If there is no value specified for the within tag, continue looking for a match until the end of the payload.

within Can be used with content keyword only

; For example content:"ABC";content:"DEF";within:10;

Look for the contents within the specified number of bytes of the payload. Use with the distance tag.


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uricontent uricontent:; For example uricontent:"%3F";

Search for the normalized request URI field. Binary data can be defined as the URI value.

isdataat [,relative]; For example content:"PASS";isdataat:50,relative;

Verify that the payload has data at a specified location. Optionally look for data relative to the end of the previous content match.

pcre pcre:[!]"(//|m//)[ismxAEGRUB]"; For example pcre:"/BLAH/i";

The pcre keyword allows rules to be written using perl compatible regular expressions. i - Case insensitive s - Include newlines in the dot metacharacter m - By default, the string is treated as one big line of characters ^ and $ match at the start and end of the string. When m is set, ^ and $ match immediately following or immediately before any newline in the buffer, as well as the very start and very end of the buffer. x - Whitespace data characters in the pattern are ignored except when escaped or inside a character class A - The pattern must match only at the start of the buffer (same as ^ ) E - Set $ to match only at the end of the subject string. Without E, $ also matches immediately before the final character if it is a newline (but not before any other newlines) G - Inverts the "greediness" of the quantifiers so that they are not greedy by default, but become greedy if followed by "?" R - Match relative to the end of the last pattern match (similar to distance:0;) U Match the decoded URI buffers (similar to the uri keyword) B Do not use the decoded buffers (similar to the raw keyword).

byte_test , [!], , [,relative] [,] [,, string]; oct,dec,hex used with string only For example msg:"AMD procedure 7 plog overflow"; content:"|00 04 93 F3|";content:"|00 00 00 07|"; distance:4.within:4;byte_test:4,>,1000,20,relative;

Test a byte field against a specific value (with operator). Capable of testing binary values or converting representative byte strings to their binary equivalent and testing them. bytes_to_convert - The number of bytes to pick up from the packet operator - The operation to perform to test the value (,=,!,&) value - The value to test the converted value against


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offset - The number of bytes into the payload to start processing relative - Use an offset relative to last pattern match big - Process the data as big endian (default) little - Process the data as little endian string - The data is stored in string format in the packet hex - The converted string data is represented in hexadecimal dec - The converted string data is represented in decimal oct - The converted string data is represented in octal

byte_jump , [,relative] [,multiplier ] [,big] [,little][,string] [,hex] [,dec] [,oct] [,align] [,from_beginning]; oct,dec,hex used with string only For example content:"|00 00 00 01|";distance:4;within:4; byte_jump:4,12,relative,align

bytes_to_convert - The number of bytes to pick up from the packet multiplier value - multiply the number of calculated bytes by value and skip forward that number of byte operator - The operation to perform to test the value (,=,!,&) value - The value to test the converted value against offset - The number of bytes into the payload to start processing relative - Use an offset relative to last pattern match big - Process the data as big endian (default) little - Process the data as little endian string - The data is stored in string format in the packet hex - The converted string data is represented in hexadecimal dec - The converted string data is represented in decimal oct - The converted string data is represented in octal align round the number of converted bytes upto the next 32 bit boundary from_beginning Skip forward from the


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beginning of the packet payload instead of from the current position in the packet

ttl ; >;


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For example Flags:SF,12

A - Match the ACK flag F - Match the FIN flag R - Match the RST flag U - Match the URG flag P - Match the PSH flag 1 - Match Reserved bit 1

2 - Match Reserved bit 2 0 - Match No TCP flags set + - Match on the specified bits, plus any others * - Match if any of the specified bits are set ! - Match if the specified bits are not set

flow to_client|to_server|from_client | from_server ]; established; bi_direction; [no_stream|only_stream];

TCP only. The to_server value is equal to the from_client value. The to_client value is equal to the from_server value. The bi_direction tag makes the signature match traffic for both directions. For example, if you have a signature with "--dst_port 80", and with bi_direction set, the signature checks traffic from and to port 80.

seq ;

Check for the specified TCP sequence number

ack ;

Check for the specified TCP acknowledge number

window ;

Check for the specified TCP window Size

itype [][number]; Specify the ICMP type to match icode [][number]; Specify the ICMP code to match icmp_id ; Check for the specified ICMP ID value icmp_seq ;

Check for the specified ICMP sequence Value

rpc , [|*], [|*>;

Check for RPC application, version, and procedure numbers in SUNRPC CALL requests. The * wildcard can be used for version and procedure numbers

ip_proto ; [!]; >;


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Monitoring IPS

Once the policies and rules are in place, IPS examines all incoming and outgoing packets, looking for matching signatures. All the detected signatures are logged and identified as IPS alerts. Administrator can view the most recent alerts (if any) from the Dashboard. Alert displays date and time of intrusion, IP address of source and destination of the intrusion, signature name and the severity of the intrusion.

Note To access Dashboard, press F10 from any of the Cyberoam screens OR press F2 for Home page and click Dashboard

Screen IPS Alerts


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Manage IPS

Select IPS Manage IPS to open the page to display the status of the IPS engine. Click Start to start the IPS engine. If you have logged on to the Cyberoam for the first time after IPS module is registered, the status will be Stopped and you will need to start the IPS engine. Page also displays the version number and release date of IPS engine used along with the update information like date of last attempt for updating IPS engine and whether the update was successful or not. IPS Engine is updated automatically. IPS signatures database is updated automatically once in a day.

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