Critical Infrastructure and Automated Control Systems Security: A

Strategy for Securing Against Cyber Attacks

Dr. Thomas L. Pigg Dr. Thomas L. Pigg Director of the Tennessee CSECDirector of the Tennessee CSEC

CSECMission

• The Cyber Security Education Consortium is a National Science Foundation ATE Regional Center of Excellence dedicated to building an information security workforce who will play a critical role in implementing the national strategy to secure cyberspace.

CSEC Sites

Tennessee CSEC Mission

• Phase 1– Train the trainer

• Phase 2– Develop Student

Curriculum/Courses/Concentrations • Phase 3

– Develop Partnerships with Business, Industry and Government

Core Train the Core Train the Trainer Trainer

WorkshopsWorkshops• Principles of Information

Assurance• Network Security• Enterprise Security Management • Secure E-Commerce • Digital Forensics

New CSEC Courses• Automation and Control Systems

– Control Systems Architecture– Control Systems Software Applications– Control Systems Security I and II

• Mobile Communications Devices– Mobile Device Architecture– Mobile Device Programming – Mobile Device Hardware

• Secure Coding– Secure Programming I and II– Software Testing – Software Security

• SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)

• DCS (Distributed Control Systems)• ICS (Industrial Control Systems)• BAS (Building Automation Systems)• PLC (Programmable Logic

Controllers)• Smart Grid

What are What are Control SystemsControl Systems

Critical Critical InfrastructuresInfrastructures

• Agriculture & Food• Banking & Finance• Chemical• Commercial Facilities• Communications• Critical Manufacturing

Critical Critical InfrastructuresInfrastructures

• Dams• Defense Industrial Base• Emergency Services• Energy• Government Facilities• Healthcare & Public Health

Critical Critical InfrastructuresInfrastructures

• Information Technology• National Monuments & Icons• Nuclear Reactors, Materials &

Waste• Postal & Shipping• Transportation Systems• Water

Key Critical Key Critical InfrastructuresInfrastructures

• Key Sectors for Control Systems Security• Energy (Electricity, Oil, and Natural

Gas)• Water & Wastewater• Nuclear• Chemical• Dams• Transportation• Critical Manufacturing

Current Trends Current Trends in Control in Control SystemsSystems• Continued move to open

protocols• Continued move to more COTS

operating systems & applications

• More remote control & management

• More network access to systems

• More widespread use of wireless

Current State of Current State of SecuritySecurity

• Control Systems protocols with little or no security

• Migration to TCP/IP networks with its inherent vulnerabilities

• Interconnection with enterprise networks• Old operating systems & applications with

poor patching practices• Little monitoring of Control Systems for attacks

being done• Vendors not securing their product offerings

adequately

Current State of Current State of SecuritySecurity

• Increased risk of insider attacks by outsourced IT services

• Experts seeing increased interest in Control Systems by terrorists & foreign governments

• Evidence that nation-states have been taking remote control of Control Systems

• Denial by some companies that there is a problem

• Some companies are now starting to see the need and address the issues

Real Control System Security

Breaches• Diamler-Chrysler Plant Shutdown

– Zotob worm – August 2005• First Energy’s Nuclear Plant

Infestation– Slammer worm – January 2003

• Maroochy Shire Sewage– Release of millions of gallons of

sewage - January 2000 – Perpetrator accessed system 46 times

Real Control System Security

Breaches• Hacking the Industrial Network

– http://www.isa.org/FileStore/Intech/WhitePaper/Hacking-the-industrial-network-USversion.pdf

• DHS Video – Idaho National Laboratory – AURORA Test– http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/09/2

6/power.at.risk/index.html#cnnSTCVideo

AURORA Test

Real Control System Security

Breaches• Stuxnet

– http://www.tofinosecurity.com/stuxnet-central

– http://www.exida.com/images/uploads/The_7_Things_Every_Plant_Manager_Should_Know_About_Control_System_Security.pdf

Current ThreatsCurrent Threats• Internet Based Threats

• Worms• Viruses• Denial of Service Attacks• Targeted Attacks

• Terrorist• Foreign Nation• Former Insider

Current ThreatsCurrent Threats• Physical Threats

• Natural Disasters• Man-made Disasters (War,

Riots, etc.)• Terrorist Attacks

Current ThreatsCurrent Threats• Internal Threats

• Disgruntled employee• On-site contractor• Unintentional attack

• IT worker• Curious Employee

Current ThreatsCurrent Threats• Targeted Attacks

• Can use any threat & threat agent• Internet• Internal• Physical• Social Engineering• Etc.

IT Security for IT Security for Control SystemsControl Systems

• CIA• Confidentiality• Integrity• Availability

IT Security for IT Security for Control SystemsControl Systems

• Technical Controls• Firewalls• IDS• Smart Cards• Access Controls

IT Security for IT Security for Control SystemsControl Systems

• Administrative Controls• Security Policies &

Procedures• Security Awareness• People

IT Security for IT Security for Control SystemsControl Systems

• TCP/IP• Patches & Updates• Intrusion Detection Systems

• Control Systems Monitoring• Signatures for Control

Systems• Anti-Virus Software

IT Security for IT Security for Control SystemsControl Systems

• Access Control Methods• Passwords• Multi-Factor

• Smart Cards• RFID• Proximity• Biometric

IT Security for IT Security for Control SystemsControl Systems

• Authentication• Active Directory

• Control Systems Integration

• Certificates

IT Security for IT Security for Control SystemsControl Systems

• Authorization• Role Based• Area of Responsibility• Station Access Control

Using an IDS Using an IDS with a Control with a Control

SystemSystem• Network based• Inspects all network traffic

on that segment (incoming & outgoing)

• Uses pattern based signatures

• Anomaly based uses baseline• Uses network tap or

mirrored port• Monitors multiple hosts

Using an IDS Using an IDS with a Control with a Control

SystemSystem• Host based• Inspects network traffic for a

specific host• Better at protecting a

machines specific function• Misses LAN based attacks

Using an IDS Using an IDS with a Control with a Control

SystemSystem• Commercial• Pre-configured fee based IDS

• CA eTrust• McAfee IntruShield & Entercept• SonicWall• StillSecure Strata Guard

Using an IDS Using an IDS with a Control with a Control

SystemSystem• Open Source• Snort• Base• Sguil – Real-time GUI

interface• OSSEC (Open Source Host-

based Intrusion Detection System)

Using an IDS Using an IDS with a Control with a Control

SystemSystem• IPS• Intrusion Prevention System• Automated Response

• Dynamically change firewall ruleset

• NIST IDS Guide (SP800-94)

Security Security SolutionsSolutions

• Network Segmentation• DMZ Design

• Can use ISA S99 standard as guide

• Design to protect each segment

• Allows for centralized services

Security Security SolutionsSolutions

• Network Segmentation• Centralized Services

• Anti-Virus• Updates & Patches• Active Directory Services• Data Historians• System Management

Security Security SolutionsSolutions

• Secure Remote Access• Secured VPN connections• Escorted Access for vendors

• Require secured tokens• Call in by vendor with

request• Issue 1-time code for

access

Security Security SolutionsSolutions

• IDS/IPS for Control Systems• Which one to use?• Where to use?• HIDS or Application Whitelisting?• UTM – Unified Threat

Management

Security Security SolutionsSolutions

• Security Event Monitoring & Logging• Network Devices

• Switches, Routers, Firewalls, IDS

• Computing Devices• Historians, Servers, Operator

consoles

• Field Devices• RTU, PLC, Telemetry Devices,

Embedded Devices

Security Security SolutionsSolutions

• Security Framework• NIPP• NERC CIP• CSSP DHS• NIST

Security Security SolutionsSolutions

Security Security SolutionsSolutions

Control Systems Control Systems Security Security

InitiativesInitiatives• NIPP (

National Infrastructure Protection Plan)• CIPAC (

Critical Infrastructure Partnership Advisory Council)

• ICSJWG (Industrial Control Systems Joint Working Group)

• ICS-Cert (Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team)

• Strategy for Securing Control Systems

Control Systems Control Systems Security Security

InitiativesInitiatives• CSSP (Control Systems Security Program)• Idaho National Laboratory

• National SCADA Test Bed Program• SCADA & Control Systems Procurement

Project• Smart Grid Interoperability Standards

Project• UK NISCC - Now CPNI (Centre for the

Protection of National Infrastructure)• PCSF/SCySAG (SCADA Cyber Self

Assessment Working Group) - Historical

Control Systems Control Systems RegulationsRegulations

• NERC (North American Electric Reliability Council)• Develop & enforce reliability standards

• CIDX/ACC – Now ChemITC (American Chemistry Council)• CFATS guidance & assessment tools

Control Systems Control Systems RegulationsRegulations

• ISA SP99 (Industrial Automation & Control System Security) – International Society of Automation• Part 1 Standard: Concepts,

Terminology & Models• Part 2 Standard: Establishing an

Industrial Automation & Control Systems Security Program

• Part 3 Standard: Technical Requirements for Industrial Control Systems (Currently in development

Control Systems Control Systems RegulationsRegulations

• AGA 12 – Discontinued and used in IEEE 1711 Trial Standard• Encryption of Serial Communications• Serial Encrypting Transceivers now

available• API Standard 1164 (American Petroleum

Institute)• Standard on SCADA security for pipelines• NIST – National Institute of Standards

and Technology

Control Systems Control Systems RegulationsRegulations

• SP800-82 – Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security

• NIST initiative on Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP)

• Uses ISO 15408 Common Criteria methodology

Control System Security

Takeaway• The 7 Things Every Plant Manager Should

Know About Control System Security – John Cusimano – Director of Security Solutions for exida– http://www.exida.com/images/uploads/

The_7_Things_Every_Plant_Manager_Should_Know_About_Control_System_Security.pdf

Contact Information

Dr. Thomas L. PiggProfessor of Computer Information

SystemsJackson State Community College2046 N. ParkwayJackson, TN 38305(731) 424-3520 Ext. 201tpigg@jscc.edu