Citizen Voice and ActionHelping Communities Realize the Power Within

WV BangladeshSeptember 2013

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History

CBPM (Community Based Performance Monitoring) was first piloted by CARE Malawi and then developed further by the World Bank in the Gambia

World Vision initiated pilot programs in 2005 The name of the methodology was changed from Community Based Performance Monitoring (CBPM) to Citizen Voice and Action in 2008

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What is Citizen Voice and ActionCitizen Voice and Action is a social accountability

approach designed to improve the relationship

between communities and government

in order to improve services like health care and education

that impact the daily lives of children and their families

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What is Accountability obligation of power holders to account for or to take

responsibility for their actions establishes a relationship between power holders and

those who hold them to account for their actions It describes responsibility reciprocity and relationships among different stakeholders

focuses on governance issues around how decisions are made and who controls resources

focuses on how resources and actions are monitored accounted for and judged to be effective or not

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What is Social Accountability Social accountability describes the engagement of

citizens or civil society organizations to hold power holders to account for the social benefit of all

Social Accountability mechanisms refer to a broad range of actions (beyond voting) that citizens communities and civil society organizations can use to hold government officials and civil servants accountable These include citizen participation in public policy making participatory budgeting public expenditure tracking citizen monitoring of public service delivery citizen advisory boards lobbying and advocacy campaigns

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The benefits of social accountability 1 Good governance The social accountability of public

officials is the basis of good government and essential for effective democracy

2 Development effectiveness Social accountability contributes to increased development effectiveness through improved service delivery and more informed policy design as a result of direct participation by citizens

3 Empowerment Social accountability initiatives can lead to the empowerment of citizens particularly the poor as they start to engage with power holders

Source Parmesh Shah (2007) Social Accountability in Practice From Tools to Outcomes South Asia Sustainable Development Department

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Effective social accountability Creates direct accountability relationships between

citizens and power holders Involves a broad range of actions and mechanisms

beyond voting that citizens can use to hold power holders to account

Involves actions on the part of government media and other society organisations (civil society) that promote or facilitate accountability efforts

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Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)

1048707 It focuses on child well-being ndash aiming to improve the delivery of basic services such as health and education that are essential for children

1048707 It is community based - directly focusing public services at the local level Often the lowest level of government structures is used as a basis to facilitate activities

1048707 It is Christian - drawing on the biblical context of working with the poor Justice is central to the Bible Jesusrsquo ministry and Godrsquos reign Seeking justice is a central element of WVs mission Indeed one of the main reasons why WV exists is to seek justice for the poor Citizen Voice and Action seeks justice for the communities with which we work

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CVA and Principle Level Choices 1048707 tackling the root causes of poverty - working with and

aiming to improve existing systems and structures that provide basic services

1048707 empowering citizens - to take action themselves and to take responsibility and ownership for improved service delivery

1048707 integrating advocacy - within local level programming by increasing community engagement in ldquomonitoring policies accessing justice and holding local government accountablerdquo

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CVA focuses on government policies (NOT World Vision inputs)

CVA encourages local staff and communities to first consider what government should be doing before World Vision contributes any programmatic inputs at all in a community

Government (public) policies and strategies that define basic service delivery provide the framework for Citizen Voice and Action

Activities are planned and focused on ensuring there are effective policies in place and that quality services are provided to communities

CORE PRINCIPLES

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CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT World Vision inputs)

Citizen Voice and Action seeks to strengthen existing systems and structures to address poverty and ensure child well-being

Strengthening citizensrsquo engagement in policies and practices of government aims to improve service delivery

Unlike projects that provide inputs for a brief period of time CVA strengthens systems structures and relationships that promote long-term sustainable change

CORE PRINCIPLES

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CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)

CVA practice treats ordinary individuals often described as lsquothe communityrsquo as citizens of nation states

Citizens have a primary relationship to their governments They have a right to access quality services Basic services are not welfare nor a handout but a right

Active citizenship and engagement with government encourages governments to work effectively and to provide quality services

CORE PRINCIPLES

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CVA focuses on facilitation (NOT implementation)

In the CVA process World Visionsrsquo role and that of our partners is one of facilitation Citizen Voice and Action describes a process of facilitation in which educated mobilised and empowered citizens take action themselves together with other stakeholders in the community including service providers and government staff

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 14 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or designed by others)

Citizens themselves decide what action they want and need to take based on their own experiences information and hopes for the future Advocacy responses are not directed by external organisations or lsquoexpertsrsquo

CORE PRINCIPLES

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CVA empowers communities to own the information (information gathering is NOT extractive)

In the CVA process citizens generate the evidence base for advocacy themselves Together with partners they analyze this information and use it to improve the delivery of government services They maintain primary ownership of the information

CVA encourages us to minimize the role that the NGO plays while maximizing the role that community and government play in the development of the areas where we work

CORE PRINCIPLES

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CVA Core Elements

Access of citizens to information about the delivery of public services provides the basis for them to voice their views and opinions on these services Their views and opinions will be expressed as individuals as a community as well as in dialogue with those in power (service providers and government officials) in order to demand and obtain accountability from them

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Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

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The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

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First we recommend that National Offices conduct a number of reviews assessments and analysis looking both at the internal World Vision perspective and at the external situation regarding governance and citizenship

This analysis focuses on three areas 1 National Office Strategy Review 2 Staff Capacity Assessment 3 Country Context Assessment

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Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

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Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

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Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

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PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

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Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

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Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

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Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

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Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

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CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

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What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

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1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

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1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

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Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

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When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

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1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

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1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

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Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

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CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

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CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

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Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

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٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

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Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

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A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

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The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

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The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

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CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

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Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

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Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

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Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

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٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 2 ٠ CP V1

History

CBPM (Community Based Performance Monitoring) was first piloted by CARE Malawi and then developed further by the World Bank in the Gambia

World Vision initiated pilot programs in 2005 The name of the methodology was changed from Community Based Performance Monitoring (CBPM) to Citizen Voice and Action in 2008

٠ 3 ٠ CP V1

What is Citizen Voice and ActionCitizen Voice and Action is a social accountability

approach designed to improve the relationship

between communities and government

in order to improve services like health care and education

that impact the daily lives of children and their families

٠ 4 ٠ CP V1

What is Accountability obligation of power holders to account for or to take

responsibility for their actions establishes a relationship between power holders and

those who hold them to account for their actions It describes responsibility reciprocity and relationships among different stakeholders

focuses on governance issues around how decisions are made and who controls resources

focuses on how resources and actions are monitored accounted for and judged to be effective or not

٠ 5 ٠ CP V1

What is Social Accountability Social accountability describes the engagement of

citizens or civil society organizations to hold power holders to account for the social benefit of all

Social Accountability mechanisms refer to a broad range of actions (beyond voting) that citizens communities and civil society organizations can use to hold government officials and civil servants accountable These include citizen participation in public policy making participatory budgeting public expenditure tracking citizen monitoring of public service delivery citizen advisory boards lobbying and advocacy campaigns

٠ 6 ٠ CP V1

The benefits of social accountability 1 Good governance The social accountability of public

officials is the basis of good government and essential for effective democracy

2 Development effectiveness Social accountability contributes to increased development effectiveness through improved service delivery and more informed policy design as a result of direct participation by citizens

3 Empowerment Social accountability initiatives can lead to the empowerment of citizens particularly the poor as they start to engage with power holders

Source Parmesh Shah (2007) Social Accountability in Practice From Tools to Outcomes South Asia Sustainable Development Department

٠ 7 ٠ CP V1

Effective social accountability Creates direct accountability relationships between

citizens and power holders Involves a broad range of actions and mechanisms

beyond voting that citizens can use to hold power holders to account

Involves actions on the part of government media and other society organisations (civil society) that promote or facilitate accountability efforts

٠ 8 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)

1048707 It focuses on child well-being ndash aiming to improve the delivery of basic services such as health and education that are essential for children

1048707 It is community based - directly focusing public services at the local level Often the lowest level of government structures is used as a basis to facilitate activities

1048707 It is Christian - drawing on the biblical context of working with the poor Justice is central to the Bible Jesusrsquo ministry and Godrsquos reign Seeking justice is a central element of WVs mission Indeed one of the main reasons why WV exists is to seek justice for the poor Citizen Voice and Action seeks justice for the communities with which we work

٠ 9 ٠ CP V1

CVA and Principle Level Choices 1048707 tackling the root causes of poverty - working with and

aiming to improve existing systems and structures that provide basic services

1048707 empowering citizens - to take action themselves and to take responsibility and ownership for improved service delivery

1048707 integrating advocacy - within local level programming by increasing community engagement in ldquomonitoring policies accessing justice and holding local government accountablerdquo

٠ 10 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on government policies (NOT World Vision inputs)

CVA encourages local staff and communities to first consider what government should be doing before World Vision contributes any programmatic inputs at all in a community

Government (public) policies and strategies that define basic service delivery provide the framework for Citizen Voice and Action

Activities are planned and focused on ensuring there are effective policies in place and that quality services are provided to communities

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 11 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT World Vision inputs)

Citizen Voice and Action seeks to strengthen existing systems and structures to address poverty and ensure child well-being

Strengthening citizensrsquo engagement in policies and practices of government aims to improve service delivery

Unlike projects that provide inputs for a brief period of time CVA strengthens systems structures and relationships that promote long-term sustainable change

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 12 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)

CVA practice treats ordinary individuals often described as lsquothe communityrsquo as citizens of nation states

Citizens have a primary relationship to their governments They have a right to access quality services Basic services are not welfare nor a handout but a right

Active citizenship and engagement with government encourages governments to work effectively and to provide quality services

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 13 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on facilitation (NOT implementation)

In the CVA process World Visionsrsquo role and that of our partners is one of facilitation Citizen Voice and Action describes a process of facilitation in which educated mobilised and empowered citizens take action themselves together with other stakeholders in the community including service providers and government staff

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 14 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or designed by others)

Citizens themselves decide what action they want and need to take based on their own experiences information and hopes for the future Advocacy responses are not directed by external organisations or lsquoexpertsrsquo

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 15 ٠ CP V1

CVA empowers communities to own the information (information gathering is NOT extractive)

In the CVA process citizens generate the evidence base for advocacy themselves Together with partners they analyze this information and use it to improve the delivery of government services They maintain primary ownership of the information

CVA encourages us to minimize the role that the NGO plays while maximizing the role that community and government play in the development of the areas where we work

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 16 ٠ CP V1

٠ 17 ٠ CP V1

CVA Core Elements

Access of citizens to information about the delivery of public services provides the basis for them to voice their views and opinions on these services Their views and opinions will be expressed as individuals as a community as well as in dialogue with those in power (service providers and government officials) in order to demand and obtain accountability from them

٠ 18 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 19 ٠ CP V1

The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 20 ٠ CP V1

First we recommend that National Offices conduct a number of reviews assessments and analysis looking both at the internal World Vision perspective and at the external situation regarding governance and citizenship

This analysis focuses on three areas 1 National Office Strategy Review 2 Staff Capacity Assessment 3 Country Context Assessment

٠ 21 ٠ CP V1

Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 3 ٠ CP V1

What is Citizen Voice and ActionCitizen Voice and Action is a social accountability

approach designed to improve the relationship

between communities and government

in order to improve services like health care and education

that impact the daily lives of children and their families

٠ 4 ٠ CP V1

What is Accountability obligation of power holders to account for or to take

responsibility for their actions establishes a relationship between power holders and

those who hold them to account for their actions It describes responsibility reciprocity and relationships among different stakeholders

focuses on governance issues around how decisions are made and who controls resources

focuses on how resources and actions are monitored accounted for and judged to be effective or not

٠ 5 ٠ CP V1

What is Social Accountability Social accountability describes the engagement of

citizens or civil society organizations to hold power holders to account for the social benefit of all

Social Accountability mechanisms refer to a broad range of actions (beyond voting) that citizens communities and civil society organizations can use to hold government officials and civil servants accountable These include citizen participation in public policy making participatory budgeting public expenditure tracking citizen monitoring of public service delivery citizen advisory boards lobbying and advocacy campaigns

٠ 6 ٠ CP V1

The benefits of social accountability 1 Good governance The social accountability of public

officials is the basis of good government and essential for effective democracy

2 Development effectiveness Social accountability contributes to increased development effectiveness through improved service delivery and more informed policy design as a result of direct participation by citizens

3 Empowerment Social accountability initiatives can lead to the empowerment of citizens particularly the poor as they start to engage with power holders

Source Parmesh Shah (2007) Social Accountability in Practice From Tools to Outcomes South Asia Sustainable Development Department

٠ 7 ٠ CP V1

Effective social accountability Creates direct accountability relationships between

citizens and power holders Involves a broad range of actions and mechanisms

beyond voting that citizens can use to hold power holders to account

Involves actions on the part of government media and other society organisations (civil society) that promote or facilitate accountability efforts

٠ 8 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)

1048707 It focuses on child well-being ndash aiming to improve the delivery of basic services such as health and education that are essential for children

1048707 It is community based - directly focusing public services at the local level Often the lowest level of government structures is used as a basis to facilitate activities

1048707 It is Christian - drawing on the biblical context of working with the poor Justice is central to the Bible Jesusrsquo ministry and Godrsquos reign Seeking justice is a central element of WVs mission Indeed one of the main reasons why WV exists is to seek justice for the poor Citizen Voice and Action seeks justice for the communities with which we work

٠ 9 ٠ CP V1

CVA and Principle Level Choices 1048707 tackling the root causes of poverty - working with and

aiming to improve existing systems and structures that provide basic services

1048707 empowering citizens - to take action themselves and to take responsibility and ownership for improved service delivery

1048707 integrating advocacy - within local level programming by increasing community engagement in ldquomonitoring policies accessing justice and holding local government accountablerdquo

٠ 10 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on government policies (NOT World Vision inputs)

CVA encourages local staff and communities to first consider what government should be doing before World Vision contributes any programmatic inputs at all in a community

Government (public) policies and strategies that define basic service delivery provide the framework for Citizen Voice and Action

Activities are planned and focused on ensuring there are effective policies in place and that quality services are provided to communities

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 11 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT World Vision inputs)

Citizen Voice and Action seeks to strengthen existing systems and structures to address poverty and ensure child well-being

Strengthening citizensrsquo engagement in policies and practices of government aims to improve service delivery

Unlike projects that provide inputs for a brief period of time CVA strengthens systems structures and relationships that promote long-term sustainable change

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 12 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)

CVA practice treats ordinary individuals often described as lsquothe communityrsquo as citizens of nation states

Citizens have a primary relationship to their governments They have a right to access quality services Basic services are not welfare nor a handout but a right

Active citizenship and engagement with government encourages governments to work effectively and to provide quality services

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 13 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on facilitation (NOT implementation)

In the CVA process World Visionsrsquo role and that of our partners is one of facilitation Citizen Voice and Action describes a process of facilitation in which educated mobilised and empowered citizens take action themselves together with other stakeholders in the community including service providers and government staff

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 14 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or designed by others)

Citizens themselves decide what action they want and need to take based on their own experiences information and hopes for the future Advocacy responses are not directed by external organisations or lsquoexpertsrsquo

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 15 ٠ CP V1

CVA empowers communities to own the information (information gathering is NOT extractive)

In the CVA process citizens generate the evidence base for advocacy themselves Together with partners they analyze this information and use it to improve the delivery of government services They maintain primary ownership of the information

CVA encourages us to minimize the role that the NGO plays while maximizing the role that community and government play in the development of the areas where we work

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 16 ٠ CP V1

٠ 17 ٠ CP V1

CVA Core Elements

Access of citizens to information about the delivery of public services provides the basis for them to voice their views and opinions on these services Their views and opinions will be expressed as individuals as a community as well as in dialogue with those in power (service providers and government officials) in order to demand and obtain accountability from them

٠ 18 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 19 ٠ CP V1

The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 20 ٠ CP V1

First we recommend that National Offices conduct a number of reviews assessments and analysis looking both at the internal World Vision perspective and at the external situation regarding governance and citizenship

This analysis focuses on three areas 1 National Office Strategy Review 2 Staff Capacity Assessment 3 Country Context Assessment

٠ 21 ٠ CP V1

Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 4 ٠ CP V1

What is Accountability obligation of power holders to account for or to take

responsibility for their actions establishes a relationship between power holders and

those who hold them to account for their actions It describes responsibility reciprocity and relationships among different stakeholders

focuses on governance issues around how decisions are made and who controls resources

focuses on how resources and actions are monitored accounted for and judged to be effective or not

٠ 5 ٠ CP V1

What is Social Accountability Social accountability describes the engagement of

citizens or civil society organizations to hold power holders to account for the social benefit of all

Social Accountability mechanisms refer to a broad range of actions (beyond voting) that citizens communities and civil society organizations can use to hold government officials and civil servants accountable These include citizen participation in public policy making participatory budgeting public expenditure tracking citizen monitoring of public service delivery citizen advisory boards lobbying and advocacy campaigns

٠ 6 ٠ CP V1

The benefits of social accountability 1 Good governance The social accountability of public

officials is the basis of good government and essential for effective democracy

2 Development effectiveness Social accountability contributes to increased development effectiveness through improved service delivery and more informed policy design as a result of direct participation by citizens

3 Empowerment Social accountability initiatives can lead to the empowerment of citizens particularly the poor as they start to engage with power holders

Source Parmesh Shah (2007) Social Accountability in Practice From Tools to Outcomes South Asia Sustainable Development Department

٠ 7 ٠ CP V1

Effective social accountability Creates direct accountability relationships between

citizens and power holders Involves a broad range of actions and mechanisms

beyond voting that citizens can use to hold power holders to account

Involves actions on the part of government media and other society organisations (civil society) that promote or facilitate accountability efforts

٠ 8 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)

1048707 It focuses on child well-being ndash aiming to improve the delivery of basic services such as health and education that are essential for children

1048707 It is community based - directly focusing public services at the local level Often the lowest level of government structures is used as a basis to facilitate activities

1048707 It is Christian - drawing on the biblical context of working with the poor Justice is central to the Bible Jesusrsquo ministry and Godrsquos reign Seeking justice is a central element of WVs mission Indeed one of the main reasons why WV exists is to seek justice for the poor Citizen Voice and Action seeks justice for the communities with which we work

٠ 9 ٠ CP V1

CVA and Principle Level Choices 1048707 tackling the root causes of poverty - working with and

aiming to improve existing systems and structures that provide basic services

1048707 empowering citizens - to take action themselves and to take responsibility and ownership for improved service delivery

1048707 integrating advocacy - within local level programming by increasing community engagement in ldquomonitoring policies accessing justice and holding local government accountablerdquo

٠ 10 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on government policies (NOT World Vision inputs)

CVA encourages local staff and communities to first consider what government should be doing before World Vision contributes any programmatic inputs at all in a community

Government (public) policies and strategies that define basic service delivery provide the framework for Citizen Voice and Action

Activities are planned and focused on ensuring there are effective policies in place and that quality services are provided to communities

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 11 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT World Vision inputs)

Citizen Voice and Action seeks to strengthen existing systems and structures to address poverty and ensure child well-being

Strengthening citizensrsquo engagement in policies and practices of government aims to improve service delivery

Unlike projects that provide inputs for a brief period of time CVA strengthens systems structures and relationships that promote long-term sustainable change

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 12 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)

CVA practice treats ordinary individuals often described as lsquothe communityrsquo as citizens of nation states

Citizens have a primary relationship to their governments They have a right to access quality services Basic services are not welfare nor a handout but a right

Active citizenship and engagement with government encourages governments to work effectively and to provide quality services

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 13 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on facilitation (NOT implementation)

In the CVA process World Visionsrsquo role and that of our partners is one of facilitation Citizen Voice and Action describes a process of facilitation in which educated mobilised and empowered citizens take action themselves together with other stakeholders in the community including service providers and government staff

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 14 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or designed by others)

Citizens themselves decide what action they want and need to take based on their own experiences information and hopes for the future Advocacy responses are not directed by external organisations or lsquoexpertsrsquo

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 15 ٠ CP V1

CVA empowers communities to own the information (information gathering is NOT extractive)

In the CVA process citizens generate the evidence base for advocacy themselves Together with partners they analyze this information and use it to improve the delivery of government services They maintain primary ownership of the information

CVA encourages us to minimize the role that the NGO plays while maximizing the role that community and government play in the development of the areas where we work

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 16 ٠ CP V1

٠ 17 ٠ CP V1

CVA Core Elements

Access of citizens to information about the delivery of public services provides the basis for them to voice their views and opinions on these services Their views and opinions will be expressed as individuals as a community as well as in dialogue with those in power (service providers and government officials) in order to demand and obtain accountability from them

٠ 18 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 19 ٠ CP V1

The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 20 ٠ CP V1

First we recommend that National Offices conduct a number of reviews assessments and analysis looking both at the internal World Vision perspective and at the external situation regarding governance and citizenship

This analysis focuses on three areas 1 National Office Strategy Review 2 Staff Capacity Assessment 3 Country Context Assessment

٠ 21 ٠ CP V1

Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 5 ٠ CP V1

What is Social Accountability Social accountability describes the engagement of

citizens or civil society organizations to hold power holders to account for the social benefit of all

Social Accountability mechanisms refer to a broad range of actions (beyond voting) that citizens communities and civil society organizations can use to hold government officials and civil servants accountable These include citizen participation in public policy making participatory budgeting public expenditure tracking citizen monitoring of public service delivery citizen advisory boards lobbying and advocacy campaigns

٠ 6 ٠ CP V1

The benefits of social accountability 1 Good governance The social accountability of public

officials is the basis of good government and essential for effective democracy

2 Development effectiveness Social accountability contributes to increased development effectiveness through improved service delivery and more informed policy design as a result of direct participation by citizens

3 Empowerment Social accountability initiatives can lead to the empowerment of citizens particularly the poor as they start to engage with power holders

Source Parmesh Shah (2007) Social Accountability in Practice From Tools to Outcomes South Asia Sustainable Development Department

٠ 7 ٠ CP V1

Effective social accountability Creates direct accountability relationships between

citizens and power holders Involves a broad range of actions and mechanisms

beyond voting that citizens can use to hold power holders to account

Involves actions on the part of government media and other society organisations (civil society) that promote or facilitate accountability efforts

٠ 8 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)

1048707 It focuses on child well-being ndash aiming to improve the delivery of basic services such as health and education that are essential for children

1048707 It is community based - directly focusing public services at the local level Often the lowest level of government structures is used as a basis to facilitate activities

1048707 It is Christian - drawing on the biblical context of working with the poor Justice is central to the Bible Jesusrsquo ministry and Godrsquos reign Seeking justice is a central element of WVs mission Indeed one of the main reasons why WV exists is to seek justice for the poor Citizen Voice and Action seeks justice for the communities with which we work

٠ 9 ٠ CP V1

CVA and Principle Level Choices 1048707 tackling the root causes of poverty - working with and

aiming to improve existing systems and structures that provide basic services

1048707 empowering citizens - to take action themselves and to take responsibility and ownership for improved service delivery

1048707 integrating advocacy - within local level programming by increasing community engagement in ldquomonitoring policies accessing justice and holding local government accountablerdquo

٠ 10 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on government policies (NOT World Vision inputs)

CVA encourages local staff and communities to first consider what government should be doing before World Vision contributes any programmatic inputs at all in a community

Government (public) policies and strategies that define basic service delivery provide the framework for Citizen Voice and Action

Activities are planned and focused on ensuring there are effective policies in place and that quality services are provided to communities

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 11 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT World Vision inputs)

Citizen Voice and Action seeks to strengthen existing systems and structures to address poverty and ensure child well-being

Strengthening citizensrsquo engagement in policies and practices of government aims to improve service delivery

Unlike projects that provide inputs for a brief period of time CVA strengthens systems structures and relationships that promote long-term sustainable change

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 12 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)

CVA practice treats ordinary individuals often described as lsquothe communityrsquo as citizens of nation states

Citizens have a primary relationship to their governments They have a right to access quality services Basic services are not welfare nor a handout but a right

Active citizenship and engagement with government encourages governments to work effectively and to provide quality services

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 13 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on facilitation (NOT implementation)

In the CVA process World Visionsrsquo role and that of our partners is one of facilitation Citizen Voice and Action describes a process of facilitation in which educated mobilised and empowered citizens take action themselves together with other stakeholders in the community including service providers and government staff

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 14 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or designed by others)

Citizens themselves decide what action they want and need to take based on their own experiences information and hopes for the future Advocacy responses are not directed by external organisations or lsquoexpertsrsquo

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 15 ٠ CP V1

CVA empowers communities to own the information (information gathering is NOT extractive)

In the CVA process citizens generate the evidence base for advocacy themselves Together with partners they analyze this information and use it to improve the delivery of government services They maintain primary ownership of the information

CVA encourages us to minimize the role that the NGO plays while maximizing the role that community and government play in the development of the areas where we work

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 16 ٠ CP V1

٠ 17 ٠ CP V1

CVA Core Elements

Access of citizens to information about the delivery of public services provides the basis for them to voice their views and opinions on these services Their views and opinions will be expressed as individuals as a community as well as in dialogue with those in power (service providers and government officials) in order to demand and obtain accountability from them

٠ 18 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 19 ٠ CP V1

The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 20 ٠ CP V1

First we recommend that National Offices conduct a number of reviews assessments and analysis looking both at the internal World Vision perspective and at the external situation regarding governance and citizenship

This analysis focuses on three areas 1 National Office Strategy Review 2 Staff Capacity Assessment 3 Country Context Assessment

٠ 21 ٠ CP V1

Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 6 ٠ CP V1

The benefits of social accountability 1 Good governance The social accountability of public

officials is the basis of good government and essential for effective democracy

2 Development effectiveness Social accountability contributes to increased development effectiveness through improved service delivery and more informed policy design as a result of direct participation by citizens

3 Empowerment Social accountability initiatives can lead to the empowerment of citizens particularly the poor as they start to engage with power holders

Source Parmesh Shah (2007) Social Accountability in Practice From Tools to Outcomes South Asia Sustainable Development Department

٠ 7 ٠ CP V1

Effective social accountability Creates direct accountability relationships between

citizens and power holders Involves a broad range of actions and mechanisms

beyond voting that citizens can use to hold power holders to account

Involves actions on the part of government media and other society organisations (civil society) that promote or facilitate accountability efforts

٠ 8 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)

1048707 It focuses on child well-being ndash aiming to improve the delivery of basic services such as health and education that are essential for children

1048707 It is community based - directly focusing public services at the local level Often the lowest level of government structures is used as a basis to facilitate activities

1048707 It is Christian - drawing on the biblical context of working with the poor Justice is central to the Bible Jesusrsquo ministry and Godrsquos reign Seeking justice is a central element of WVs mission Indeed one of the main reasons why WV exists is to seek justice for the poor Citizen Voice and Action seeks justice for the communities with which we work

٠ 9 ٠ CP V1

CVA and Principle Level Choices 1048707 tackling the root causes of poverty - working with and

aiming to improve existing systems and structures that provide basic services

1048707 empowering citizens - to take action themselves and to take responsibility and ownership for improved service delivery

1048707 integrating advocacy - within local level programming by increasing community engagement in ldquomonitoring policies accessing justice and holding local government accountablerdquo

٠ 10 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on government policies (NOT World Vision inputs)

CVA encourages local staff and communities to first consider what government should be doing before World Vision contributes any programmatic inputs at all in a community

Government (public) policies and strategies that define basic service delivery provide the framework for Citizen Voice and Action

Activities are planned and focused on ensuring there are effective policies in place and that quality services are provided to communities

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 11 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT World Vision inputs)

Citizen Voice and Action seeks to strengthen existing systems and structures to address poverty and ensure child well-being

Strengthening citizensrsquo engagement in policies and practices of government aims to improve service delivery

Unlike projects that provide inputs for a brief period of time CVA strengthens systems structures and relationships that promote long-term sustainable change

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 12 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)

CVA practice treats ordinary individuals often described as lsquothe communityrsquo as citizens of nation states

Citizens have a primary relationship to their governments They have a right to access quality services Basic services are not welfare nor a handout but a right

Active citizenship and engagement with government encourages governments to work effectively and to provide quality services

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 13 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on facilitation (NOT implementation)

In the CVA process World Visionsrsquo role and that of our partners is one of facilitation Citizen Voice and Action describes a process of facilitation in which educated mobilised and empowered citizens take action themselves together with other stakeholders in the community including service providers and government staff

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 14 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or designed by others)

Citizens themselves decide what action they want and need to take based on their own experiences information and hopes for the future Advocacy responses are not directed by external organisations or lsquoexpertsrsquo

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 15 ٠ CP V1

CVA empowers communities to own the information (information gathering is NOT extractive)

In the CVA process citizens generate the evidence base for advocacy themselves Together with partners they analyze this information and use it to improve the delivery of government services They maintain primary ownership of the information

CVA encourages us to minimize the role that the NGO plays while maximizing the role that community and government play in the development of the areas where we work

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 16 ٠ CP V1

٠ 17 ٠ CP V1

CVA Core Elements

Access of citizens to information about the delivery of public services provides the basis for them to voice their views and opinions on these services Their views and opinions will be expressed as individuals as a community as well as in dialogue with those in power (service providers and government officials) in order to demand and obtain accountability from them

٠ 18 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 19 ٠ CP V1

The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 20 ٠ CP V1

First we recommend that National Offices conduct a number of reviews assessments and analysis looking both at the internal World Vision perspective and at the external situation regarding governance and citizenship

This analysis focuses on three areas 1 National Office Strategy Review 2 Staff Capacity Assessment 3 Country Context Assessment

٠ 21 ٠ CP V1

Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 7 ٠ CP V1

Effective social accountability Creates direct accountability relationships between

citizens and power holders Involves a broad range of actions and mechanisms

beyond voting that citizens can use to hold power holders to account

Involves actions on the part of government media and other society organisations (civil society) that promote or facilitate accountability efforts

٠ 8 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)

1048707 It focuses on child well-being ndash aiming to improve the delivery of basic services such as health and education that are essential for children

1048707 It is community based - directly focusing public services at the local level Often the lowest level of government structures is used as a basis to facilitate activities

1048707 It is Christian - drawing on the biblical context of working with the poor Justice is central to the Bible Jesusrsquo ministry and Godrsquos reign Seeking justice is a central element of WVs mission Indeed one of the main reasons why WV exists is to seek justice for the poor Citizen Voice and Action seeks justice for the communities with which we work

٠ 9 ٠ CP V1

CVA and Principle Level Choices 1048707 tackling the root causes of poverty - working with and

aiming to improve existing systems and structures that provide basic services

1048707 empowering citizens - to take action themselves and to take responsibility and ownership for improved service delivery

1048707 integrating advocacy - within local level programming by increasing community engagement in ldquomonitoring policies accessing justice and holding local government accountablerdquo

٠ 10 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on government policies (NOT World Vision inputs)

CVA encourages local staff and communities to first consider what government should be doing before World Vision contributes any programmatic inputs at all in a community

Government (public) policies and strategies that define basic service delivery provide the framework for Citizen Voice and Action

Activities are planned and focused on ensuring there are effective policies in place and that quality services are provided to communities

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 11 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT World Vision inputs)

Citizen Voice and Action seeks to strengthen existing systems and structures to address poverty and ensure child well-being

Strengthening citizensrsquo engagement in policies and practices of government aims to improve service delivery

Unlike projects that provide inputs for a brief period of time CVA strengthens systems structures and relationships that promote long-term sustainable change

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 12 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)

CVA practice treats ordinary individuals often described as lsquothe communityrsquo as citizens of nation states

Citizens have a primary relationship to their governments They have a right to access quality services Basic services are not welfare nor a handout but a right

Active citizenship and engagement with government encourages governments to work effectively and to provide quality services

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 13 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on facilitation (NOT implementation)

In the CVA process World Visionsrsquo role and that of our partners is one of facilitation Citizen Voice and Action describes a process of facilitation in which educated mobilised and empowered citizens take action themselves together with other stakeholders in the community including service providers and government staff

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 14 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or designed by others)

Citizens themselves decide what action they want and need to take based on their own experiences information and hopes for the future Advocacy responses are not directed by external organisations or lsquoexpertsrsquo

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 15 ٠ CP V1

CVA empowers communities to own the information (information gathering is NOT extractive)

In the CVA process citizens generate the evidence base for advocacy themselves Together with partners they analyze this information and use it to improve the delivery of government services They maintain primary ownership of the information

CVA encourages us to minimize the role that the NGO plays while maximizing the role that community and government play in the development of the areas where we work

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 16 ٠ CP V1

٠ 17 ٠ CP V1

CVA Core Elements

Access of citizens to information about the delivery of public services provides the basis for them to voice their views and opinions on these services Their views and opinions will be expressed as individuals as a community as well as in dialogue with those in power (service providers and government officials) in order to demand and obtain accountability from them

٠ 18 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 19 ٠ CP V1

The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 20 ٠ CP V1

First we recommend that National Offices conduct a number of reviews assessments and analysis looking both at the internal World Vision perspective and at the external situation regarding governance and citizenship

This analysis focuses on three areas 1 National Office Strategy Review 2 Staff Capacity Assessment 3 Country Context Assessment

٠ 21 ٠ CP V1

Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 8 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)

1048707 It focuses on child well-being ndash aiming to improve the delivery of basic services such as health and education that are essential for children

1048707 It is community based - directly focusing public services at the local level Often the lowest level of government structures is used as a basis to facilitate activities

1048707 It is Christian - drawing on the biblical context of working with the poor Justice is central to the Bible Jesusrsquo ministry and Godrsquos reign Seeking justice is a central element of WVs mission Indeed one of the main reasons why WV exists is to seek justice for the poor Citizen Voice and Action seeks justice for the communities with which we work

٠ 9 ٠ CP V1

CVA and Principle Level Choices 1048707 tackling the root causes of poverty - working with and

aiming to improve existing systems and structures that provide basic services

1048707 empowering citizens - to take action themselves and to take responsibility and ownership for improved service delivery

1048707 integrating advocacy - within local level programming by increasing community engagement in ldquomonitoring policies accessing justice and holding local government accountablerdquo

٠ 10 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on government policies (NOT World Vision inputs)

CVA encourages local staff and communities to first consider what government should be doing before World Vision contributes any programmatic inputs at all in a community

Government (public) policies and strategies that define basic service delivery provide the framework for Citizen Voice and Action

Activities are planned and focused on ensuring there are effective policies in place and that quality services are provided to communities

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 11 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT World Vision inputs)

Citizen Voice and Action seeks to strengthen existing systems and structures to address poverty and ensure child well-being

Strengthening citizensrsquo engagement in policies and practices of government aims to improve service delivery

Unlike projects that provide inputs for a brief period of time CVA strengthens systems structures and relationships that promote long-term sustainable change

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 12 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)

CVA practice treats ordinary individuals often described as lsquothe communityrsquo as citizens of nation states

Citizens have a primary relationship to their governments They have a right to access quality services Basic services are not welfare nor a handout but a right

Active citizenship and engagement with government encourages governments to work effectively and to provide quality services

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 13 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on facilitation (NOT implementation)

In the CVA process World Visionsrsquo role and that of our partners is one of facilitation Citizen Voice and Action describes a process of facilitation in which educated mobilised and empowered citizens take action themselves together with other stakeholders in the community including service providers and government staff

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 14 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or designed by others)

Citizens themselves decide what action they want and need to take based on their own experiences information and hopes for the future Advocacy responses are not directed by external organisations or lsquoexpertsrsquo

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 15 ٠ CP V1

CVA empowers communities to own the information (information gathering is NOT extractive)

In the CVA process citizens generate the evidence base for advocacy themselves Together with partners they analyze this information and use it to improve the delivery of government services They maintain primary ownership of the information

CVA encourages us to minimize the role that the NGO plays while maximizing the role that community and government play in the development of the areas where we work

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 16 ٠ CP V1

٠ 17 ٠ CP V1

CVA Core Elements

Access of citizens to information about the delivery of public services provides the basis for them to voice their views and opinions on these services Their views and opinions will be expressed as individuals as a community as well as in dialogue with those in power (service providers and government officials) in order to demand and obtain accountability from them

٠ 18 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 19 ٠ CP V1

The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 20 ٠ CP V1

First we recommend that National Offices conduct a number of reviews assessments and analysis looking both at the internal World Vision perspective and at the external situation regarding governance and citizenship

This analysis focuses on three areas 1 National Office Strategy Review 2 Staff Capacity Assessment 3 Country Context Assessment

٠ 21 ٠ CP V1

Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 9 ٠ CP V1

CVA and Principle Level Choices 1048707 tackling the root causes of poverty - working with and

aiming to improve existing systems and structures that provide basic services

1048707 empowering citizens - to take action themselves and to take responsibility and ownership for improved service delivery

1048707 integrating advocacy - within local level programming by increasing community engagement in ldquomonitoring policies accessing justice and holding local government accountablerdquo

٠ 10 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on government policies (NOT World Vision inputs)

CVA encourages local staff and communities to first consider what government should be doing before World Vision contributes any programmatic inputs at all in a community

Government (public) policies and strategies that define basic service delivery provide the framework for Citizen Voice and Action

Activities are planned and focused on ensuring there are effective policies in place and that quality services are provided to communities

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 11 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT World Vision inputs)

Citizen Voice and Action seeks to strengthen existing systems and structures to address poverty and ensure child well-being

Strengthening citizensrsquo engagement in policies and practices of government aims to improve service delivery

Unlike projects that provide inputs for a brief period of time CVA strengthens systems structures and relationships that promote long-term sustainable change

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 12 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)

CVA practice treats ordinary individuals often described as lsquothe communityrsquo as citizens of nation states

Citizens have a primary relationship to their governments They have a right to access quality services Basic services are not welfare nor a handout but a right

Active citizenship and engagement with government encourages governments to work effectively and to provide quality services

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 13 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on facilitation (NOT implementation)

In the CVA process World Visionsrsquo role and that of our partners is one of facilitation Citizen Voice and Action describes a process of facilitation in which educated mobilised and empowered citizens take action themselves together with other stakeholders in the community including service providers and government staff

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 14 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or designed by others)

Citizens themselves decide what action they want and need to take based on their own experiences information and hopes for the future Advocacy responses are not directed by external organisations or lsquoexpertsrsquo

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 15 ٠ CP V1

CVA empowers communities to own the information (information gathering is NOT extractive)

In the CVA process citizens generate the evidence base for advocacy themselves Together with partners they analyze this information and use it to improve the delivery of government services They maintain primary ownership of the information

CVA encourages us to minimize the role that the NGO plays while maximizing the role that community and government play in the development of the areas where we work

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 16 ٠ CP V1

٠ 17 ٠ CP V1

CVA Core Elements

Access of citizens to information about the delivery of public services provides the basis for them to voice their views and opinions on these services Their views and opinions will be expressed as individuals as a community as well as in dialogue with those in power (service providers and government officials) in order to demand and obtain accountability from them

٠ 18 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 19 ٠ CP V1

The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 20 ٠ CP V1

First we recommend that National Offices conduct a number of reviews assessments and analysis looking both at the internal World Vision perspective and at the external situation regarding governance and citizenship

This analysis focuses on three areas 1 National Office Strategy Review 2 Staff Capacity Assessment 3 Country Context Assessment

٠ 21 ٠ CP V1

Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 10 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on government policies (NOT World Vision inputs)

CVA encourages local staff and communities to first consider what government should be doing before World Vision contributes any programmatic inputs at all in a community

Government (public) policies and strategies that define basic service delivery provide the framework for Citizen Voice and Action

Activities are planned and focused on ensuring there are effective policies in place and that quality services are provided to communities

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 11 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT World Vision inputs)

Citizen Voice and Action seeks to strengthen existing systems and structures to address poverty and ensure child well-being

Strengthening citizensrsquo engagement in policies and practices of government aims to improve service delivery

Unlike projects that provide inputs for a brief period of time CVA strengthens systems structures and relationships that promote long-term sustainable change

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 12 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)

CVA practice treats ordinary individuals often described as lsquothe communityrsquo as citizens of nation states

Citizens have a primary relationship to their governments They have a right to access quality services Basic services are not welfare nor a handout but a right

Active citizenship and engagement with government encourages governments to work effectively and to provide quality services

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 13 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on facilitation (NOT implementation)

In the CVA process World Visionsrsquo role and that of our partners is one of facilitation Citizen Voice and Action describes a process of facilitation in which educated mobilised and empowered citizens take action themselves together with other stakeholders in the community including service providers and government staff

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 14 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or designed by others)

Citizens themselves decide what action they want and need to take based on their own experiences information and hopes for the future Advocacy responses are not directed by external organisations or lsquoexpertsrsquo

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 15 ٠ CP V1

CVA empowers communities to own the information (information gathering is NOT extractive)

In the CVA process citizens generate the evidence base for advocacy themselves Together with partners they analyze this information and use it to improve the delivery of government services They maintain primary ownership of the information

CVA encourages us to minimize the role that the NGO plays while maximizing the role that community and government play in the development of the areas where we work

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 16 ٠ CP V1

٠ 17 ٠ CP V1

CVA Core Elements

Access of citizens to information about the delivery of public services provides the basis for them to voice their views and opinions on these services Their views and opinions will be expressed as individuals as a community as well as in dialogue with those in power (service providers and government officials) in order to demand and obtain accountability from them

٠ 18 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 19 ٠ CP V1

The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 20 ٠ CP V1

First we recommend that National Offices conduct a number of reviews assessments and analysis looking both at the internal World Vision perspective and at the external situation regarding governance and citizenship

This analysis focuses on three areas 1 National Office Strategy Review 2 Staff Capacity Assessment 3 Country Context Assessment

٠ 21 ٠ CP V1

Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 11 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT World Vision inputs)

Citizen Voice and Action seeks to strengthen existing systems and structures to address poverty and ensure child well-being

Strengthening citizensrsquo engagement in policies and practices of government aims to improve service delivery

Unlike projects that provide inputs for a brief period of time CVA strengthens systems structures and relationships that promote long-term sustainable change

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 12 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)

CVA practice treats ordinary individuals often described as lsquothe communityrsquo as citizens of nation states

Citizens have a primary relationship to their governments They have a right to access quality services Basic services are not welfare nor a handout but a right

Active citizenship and engagement with government encourages governments to work effectively and to provide quality services

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 13 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on facilitation (NOT implementation)

In the CVA process World Visionsrsquo role and that of our partners is one of facilitation Citizen Voice and Action describes a process of facilitation in which educated mobilised and empowered citizens take action themselves together with other stakeholders in the community including service providers and government staff

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 14 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or designed by others)

Citizens themselves decide what action they want and need to take based on their own experiences information and hopes for the future Advocacy responses are not directed by external organisations or lsquoexpertsrsquo

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 15 ٠ CP V1

CVA empowers communities to own the information (information gathering is NOT extractive)

In the CVA process citizens generate the evidence base for advocacy themselves Together with partners they analyze this information and use it to improve the delivery of government services They maintain primary ownership of the information

CVA encourages us to minimize the role that the NGO plays while maximizing the role that community and government play in the development of the areas where we work

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 16 ٠ CP V1

٠ 17 ٠ CP V1

CVA Core Elements

Access of citizens to information about the delivery of public services provides the basis for them to voice their views and opinions on these services Their views and opinions will be expressed as individuals as a community as well as in dialogue with those in power (service providers and government officials) in order to demand and obtain accountability from them

٠ 18 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 19 ٠ CP V1

The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 20 ٠ CP V1

First we recommend that National Offices conduct a number of reviews assessments and analysis looking both at the internal World Vision perspective and at the external situation regarding governance and citizenship

This analysis focuses on three areas 1 National Office Strategy Review 2 Staff Capacity Assessment 3 Country Context Assessment

٠ 21 ٠ CP V1

Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 12 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)

CVA practice treats ordinary individuals often described as lsquothe communityrsquo as citizens of nation states

Citizens have a primary relationship to their governments They have a right to access quality services Basic services are not welfare nor a handout but a right

Active citizenship and engagement with government encourages governments to work effectively and to provide quality services

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 13 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on facilitation (NOT implementation)

In the CVA process World Visionsrsquo role and that of our partners is one of facilitation Citizen Voice and Action describes a process of facilitation in which educated mobilised and empowered citizens take action themselves together with other stakeholders in the community including service providers and government staff

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 14 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or designed by others)

Citizens themselves decide what action they want and need to take based on their own experiences information and hopes for the future Advocacy responses are not directed by external organisations or lsquoexpertsrsquo

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 15 ٠ CP V1

CVA empowers communities to own the information (information gathering is NOT extractive)

In the CVA process citizens generate the evidence base for advocacy themselves Together with partners they analyze this information and use it to improve the delivery of government services They maintain primary ownership of the information

CVA encourages us to minimize the role that the NGO plays while maximizing the role that community and government play in the development of the areas where we work

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 16 ٠ CP V1

٠ 17 ٠ CP V1

CVA Core Elements

Access of citizens to information about the delivery of public services provides the basis for them to voice their views and opinions on these services Their views and opinions will be expressed as individuals as a community as well as in dialogue with those in power (service providers and government officials) in order to demand and obtain accountability from them

٠ 18 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 19 ٠ CP V1

The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 20 ٠ CP V1

First we recommend that National Offices conduct a number of reviews assessments and analysis looking both at the internal World Vision perspective and at the external situation regarding governance and citizenship

This analysis focuses on three areas 1 National Office Strategy Review 2 Staff Capacity Assessment 3 Country Context Assessment

٠ 21 ٠ CP V1

Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 13 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on facilitation (NOT implementation)

In the CVA process World Visionsrsquo role and that of our partners is one of facilitation Citizen Voice and Action describes a process of facilitation in which educated mobilised and empowered citizens take action themselves together with other stakeholders in the community including service providers and government staff

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 14 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or designed by others)

Citizens themselves decide what action they want and need to take based on their own experiences information and hopes for the future Advocacy responses are not directed by external organisations or lsquoexpertsrsquo

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 15 ٠ CP V1

CVA empowers communities to own the information (information gathering is NOT extractive)

In the CVA process citizens generate the evidence base for advocacy themselves Together with partners they analyze this information and use it to improve the delivery of government services They maintain primary ownership of the information

CVA encourages us to minimize the role that the NGO plays while maximizing the role that community and government play in the development of the areas where we work

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 16 ٠ CP V1

٠ 17 ٠ CP V1

CVA Core Elements

Access of citizens to information about the delivery of public services provides the basis for them to voice their views and opinions on these services Their views and opinions will be expressed as individuals as a community as well as in dialogue with those in power (service providers and government officials) in order to demand and obtain accountability from them

٠ 18 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 19 ٠ CP V1

The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 20 ٠ CP V1

First we recommend that National Offices conduct a number of reviews assessments and analysis looking both at the internal World Vision perspective and at the external situation regarding governance and citizenship

This analysis focuses on three areas 1 National Office Strategy Review 2 Staff Capacity Assessment 3 Country Context Assessment

٠ 21 ٠ CP V1

Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 14 ٠ CP V1

CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or designed by others)

Citizens themselves decide what action they want and need to take based on their own experiences information and hopes for the future Advocacy responses are not directed by external organisations or lsquoexpertsrsquo

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 15 ٠ CP V1

CVA empowers communities to own the information (information gathering is NOT extractive)

In the CVA process citizens generate the evidence base for advocacy themselves Together with partners they analyze this information and use it to improve the delivery of government services They maintain primary ownership of the information

CVA encourages us to minimize the role that the NGO plays while maximizing the role that community and government play in the development of the areas where we work

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 16 ٠ CP V1

٠ 17 ٠ CP V1

CVA Core Elements

Access of citizens to information about the delivery of public services provides the basis for them to voice their views and opinions on these services Their views and opinions will be expressed as individuals as a community as well as in dialogue with those in power (service providers and government officials) in order to demand and obtain accountability from them

٠ 18 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 19 ٠ CP V1

The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 20 ٠ CP V1

First we recommend that National Offices conduct a number of reviews assessments and analysis looking both at the internal World Vision perspective and at the external situation regarding governance and citizenship

This analysis focuses on three areas 1 National Office Strategy Review 2 Staff Capacity Assessment 3 Country Context Assessment

٠ 21 ٠ CP V1

Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 15 ٠ CP V1

CVA empowers communities to own the information (information gathering is NOT extractive)

In the CVA process citizens generate the evidence base for advocacy themselves Together with partners they analyze this information and use it to improve the delivery of government services They maintain primary ownership of the information

CVA encourages us to minimize the role that the NGO plays while maximizing the role that community and government play in the development of the areas where we work

CORE PRINCIPLES

٠ 16 ٠ CP V1

٠ 17 ٠ CP V1

CVA Core Elements

Access of citizens to information about the delivery of public services provides the basis for them to voice their views and opinions on these services Their views and opinions will be expressed as individuals as a community as well as in dialogue with those in power (service providers and government officials) in order to demand and obtain accountability from them

٠ 18 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 19 ٠ CP V1

The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 20 ٠ CP V1

First we recommend that National Offices conduct a number of reviews assessments and analysis looking both at the internal World Vision perspective and at the external situation regarding governance and citizenship

This analysis focuses on three areas 1 National Office Strategy Review 2 Staff Capacity Assessment 3 Country Context Assessment

٠ 21 ٠ CP V1

Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 16 ٠ CP V1

٠ 17 ٠ CP V1

CVA Core Elements

Access of citizens to information about the delivery of public services provides the basis for them to voice their views and opinions on these services Their views and opinions will be expressed as individuals as a community as well as in dialogue with those in power (service providers and government officials) in order to demand and obtain accountability from them

٠ 18 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 19 ٠ CP V1

The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 20 ٠ CP V1

First we recommend that National Offices conduct a number of reviews assessments and analysis looking both at the internal World Vision perspective and at the external situation regarding governance and citizenship

This analysis focuses on three areas 1 National Office Strategy Review 2 Staff Capacity Assessment 3 Country Context Assessment

٠ 21 ٠ CP V1

Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 17 ٠ CP V1

CVA Core Elements

Access of citizens to information about the delivery of public services provides the basis for them to voice their views and opinions on these services Their views and opinions will be expressed as individuals as a community as well as in dialogue with those in power (service providers and government officials) in order to demand and obtain accountability from them

٠ 18 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 19 ٠ CP V1

The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 20 ٠ CP V1

First we recommend that National Offices conduct a number of reviews assessments and analysis looking both at the internal World Vision perspective and at the external situation regarding governance and citizenship

This analysis focuses on three areas 1 National Office Strategy Review 2 Staff Capacity Assessment 3 Country Context Assessment

٠ 21 ٠ CP V1

Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 18 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 19 ٠ CP V1

The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 20 ٠ CP V1

First we recommend that National Offices conduct a number of reviews assessments and analysis looking both at the internal World Vision perspective and at the external situation regarding governance and citizenship

This analysis focuses on three areas 1 National Office Strategy Review 2 Staff Capacity Assessment 3 Country Context Assessment

٠ 21 ٠ CP V1

Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 19 ٠ CP V1

The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle

Citizen Voice and Action How Does it Work

٠ 20 ٠ CP V1

First we recommend that National Offices conduct a number of reviews assessments and analysis looking both at the internal World Vision perspective and at the external situation regarding governance and citizenship

This analysis focuses on three areas 1 National Office Strategy Review 2 Staff Capacity Assessment 3 Country Context Assessment

٠ 21 ٠ CP V1

Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 20 ٠ CP V1

First we recommend that National Offices conduct a number of reviews assessments and analysis looking both at the internal World Vision perspective and at the external situation regarding governance and citizenship

This analysis focuses on three areas 1 National Office Strategy Review 2 Staff Capacity Assessment 3 Country Context Assessment

٠ 21 ٠ CP V1

Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 21 ٠ CP V1

Country strategy review To what extent does the strategy include a) Plans for local level advocacy If so describe the approach and

priorities for advocacy b) Plans for national level advocacy If so describe the approach

and issuessectors targeted c) Partnerships and alliances for advocacy work and influencing

policies If so describe these d) Engagement with civil society and the strengthening of civil

society for advocacy e) Integration of advocacy within current programming strategies f) An appreciation and use of the core principles and themes of

Citizen Voice and Action If so describe how

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 22 ٠ CP V1

Advocacy strategy Repeat the questions asked above of Country strategy together with

those below How or in what ways does the strategy include a) Plans for citizen education b) Plans for citizen mobilisation c) Plans for monitoring the implementation of government policy d) Plans for influencing policy e) Plans for monitoring the response from advocacy work for

government basic services f) Plans for increasing the accountability of government in relation to

their delivery of basic services g) Plans for strengthening citizen voice dialogue and relations between

community and government

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 23 ٠ CP V1

Staff experience skills and capacity

Assess the current experience skills and capacity of staff in

a) community focused facilitation b) citizen education c) citizen mobilisation d) local regional and national level advocacy e) policy analysis policy influence and monitoring the

implementation of policies f ) networking partnering and coalition building for

advocacy

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 24 ٠ CP V1

PartnersIt is important to consider the existing role of partners as part of this capacity assessment In many situations partners and their staff carry out work in the community If this is the situation within your national office then you should also include an assessment of partner experience skills and capacity

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 25 ٠ CP V1

Governance and Politics bull Give an overview of the structure of government and

politics from national to local level bull Discuss and assess the implications of decentralisation

(government funding administrative democratic) particularly in relation to local service delivery

bull How significant is this decentralisation for child well-being

bull Assess the strengths and weaknesses potential opportunities and obstacles of the governance structure concentrating on relevant parts such as the health or education sector and relevant policy-making areas

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 26 ٠ CP V1

Policy development implementation and budgeting

bull Describe government processes and systems in relation to policy development and budgeting for basic services Who makes the policy decisions and who influences them

- briefly describe any relevant decentralisation policies - focus on health and education initially bull Describe the key levels of government responsible for basic service delivery

and why What are the implications for WVrsquos structure and strategy bull Which are the key relevant government departments and other organisations

for communities to influence Are these at national state or lower level bull Describe the priorities and processes for engaging in and monitoring Poverty

Reduction Strategy Plans (PRSP) and briefly comment on WV or civil societyrsquos role in this

bull Refer to any independent assessments of the PRSP processes

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 27 ٠ CP V1

Citizen participation bull Describe opportunities for citizen engagement bull Include participatory governance structures such as

committees or participatory budgeting meetings or any other ways in which citizens can engage in public decision making

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 28 ٠ CP V1

Public and Social accountability bull List the most common existing local accountability

mechanisms that are relevant to the chosen sectors (such as school management committees or health management committees)

bull Briefly assess how well they function and their potential for social accountability

bull List any social accountability initiatives already in use (or planned) such as participatory planning Public Expenditure Tracking Systems (PETS) or participatory budgeting

Describe any government accountability and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the chosen sectors such as school or health inspectors Mention any which act as public champions urging greater government accountability

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 29 ٠ CP V1

Sector analysis Select one or more sectors such as health and

education to use in responding to these questions 1048707 Identify relevant policies strategies and planning

documentation in relation to the chosen sector 1048707 Identify government standards or entitlements in

relation to local service delivery for the chosen sector 1048707 Focus on child well-being such as health and

education 1048707 Align the chosen sector with key priorities within

country strategies

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 30 ٠ CP V1

Civil society (1) 1048707 How much does the government regulate NGOs Does

this affect their ability to criticise and carry out advocacy work relating to government policy

1048707 Does civil society or the media raise issues of good governance and ensure accountability of government to its citizens

1048707 What are the main coalitions or social movements working in the area of social accountability and supporting local level advocacy work

1048707 Identify any other agencies organisations think tanks or academic institutions that have expertise in social accountability demand led governance and local level advocacy work

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 31 ٠ CP V1

Civil Society (2) 1048707 Identify the approaches they use their strengths and

weaknesses What links or partnerships does WV have with any of these organisations What opportunities are there for partnership in the future

1048707 Identify opportunities and capacity of the community to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Assess the experience of communities in leading local level advocacy efforts

1048707 Assess the willingness and interest of communities to engage in local level advocacy

1048707 Identify regions or areas with the greatest potential to engage with Citizen Voice and Action

COUNTRY CONTEXT ASSESSMENT

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 32 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeEnabling Citizen Engagement

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 33 ٠ CP V1

What are Public Policies Public policies describe the work of governments Public policies relate

to the basic needs of all peoples They make happen in practice the basic rights of citizens which are usually stated in national constitutions or the bill of rights Governments are responsible for ensuring these basic rights They meet these through providing basic services

Public policies are usually prepared by national governments whilst local governments closer to the people are responsible for their implementation

Public policies are statements of intent and deliberate plans of action to guide decisions on issues in the public interest and to achieve desired outcomes especially in relation to the delivery of goods and services

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 34 ٠ CP V1

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 35 ٠ CP V1

1 Learn what public policies are 2 Decide on which public service to focus on 3 Understand public policy in detail 4 Raise the awareness of the working group

facilitation team in public policy 5 Identify public service standards 6 Network with expert agencies and institutions

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 36 ٠ CP V1

1 Decide what local materials and resources are needed2 Translate key terms and phrases from the general Guidance Notes3 Encourage local participation and ownership of development

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 37 ٠ CP V1

1 Conduct assessment of the situation2 Plan and initiate citizen education3 Plan and initiate citizen mobilisation

Citizen education means raising awareness and increasing the understanding of citizens about their rights and responsibilities and opportunities to participate in governanceCivic education- government structure systems of government and processes- authority power holders duty bearers and decision making processes- accountability and good governance- citizen rights and collective responsibilities- opportunities and responsibility for citizen participation

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 38 ٠ CP V1

Public policies - that they exist - the standards for basic service

provision - decision making processes - opportunity for citizen

engagement

Citizen Voice and Action - the process involved - the objectives - the Community Gathering and monitoring of public

services - collective action and responsibility

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 39 ٠ CP V1

Citizen education can be done through workshops meetings forums or informal processes It should not be seen as one activity but rather as a long-term process Though citizen education begins at this time it continues throughout the whole of the Citizens Voice and Action process

Citizen education is seen as a first step in engaging citizens as part of the Citizen Voice and Action process However it is also an important outcome in itself

Consider the process of citizen education with various political and administrative staff including councillors local politicians as well as government staff They also may need help to fully understand government and citizen rights and responsibilities

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 40 ٠ CP V1

When planning education and mobilisation activities it is very important to make sure that marginalised and vulnerable groups have every opportunity to participate Recognise that there will be barriers and constraints to their participation and make special efforts to reduce these

Women ethnic groups and people living with disability should all be included

Appropriate strategies to encourage different age groups to participate should be used Messages should be tailored to different audience groups

Provide appropriate resources to support child participation

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 41 ٠ CP V1

1 Identify other agencies or organizations doing similar work2 Identify complementary processes or systems that are in line with Citizen Voice and Action3 Identify groups or organizations that may take the lead in facilitating Citizen Voice and Action especially the Community Gathering

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 42 ٠ CP V1

1 Meetings with service providers relationships formed2 Meetings with other key stakeholders including local government officials and district sector staff relationships formed3 Interest expressed and commitments made to participate in the Community Gathering by both government and community

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 43 ٠ CP V1

Public Policy AwarenessRESOURCES ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS OUTCOMES

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 44 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 45 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process

Has government fulfilled its commitments to us as service users

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 46 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 47 ٠ CP V1

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 48 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

What are the characteristics of a good service (a good school A good clinic) How satisfied are we as service users with the services in our community

Use disaggregated focus groups 13

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 49 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purposeThe main objective of the Score Card sessions is to enable both users and providers of a public service to assess how well the service is provided and to provide proposals to improve the quality of service The session is based on focus group discussions

Users of the public service are divided into separate user groups The service providers are asked to conduct their own lsquoself evaluationrsquo of their service delivery using the Score Card process

The Score Cards resulting from these focus group discussions are shared during the Interface Meeting together with proposals suggested from each group

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 50 ٠ CP V1

A series of flip charts need to be prepared before the Score Card focus group discussions

1 Overview of the Community Gathering process 2 Smiley scale 3 Practice Voting Sheet 4 Building group performance measures 5 Score Card 6 Voting Sheet 7 Comments and Proposals Sheet

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 51 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus group discussions sessions can take place all on the same day as part of one big Community Gathering exercise This is a massive undertaking and you will need a lot of facilitators This is not recommended

It is easier to conduct the Score Card sessions over a number of days as the meetings often take a number of hours and you need to ensure that participants have enough energy to actively participate in the Interface Meeting

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 52 ٠ CP V1

In education the groups could be formed around the following categories

a Pupils b Parents c Teachers d School Management Committee or Parents and Teachers

Association e Members of the Teachersrsquo Committee

You can also categorize focus groups based on gender or age (womensrsquo and mensrsquo groups and children and youth groups)

More than one focus group can be formed for any lsquouser group typersquo

One separate Score Card focus group must include service providers A second service provider focus group can be formed if required

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 53 ٠ CP V1

The Score Card focus groups should take between 1frac12 - 3 hours

The session should be led by a minimum of three people to facilitate

bull one to lead the session with the participants bull one to record information on the flip chart bull one to record the information on a record sheet

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 54 ٠ CP V1

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 55 ٠ CP V1

The characteristics provided by the group should be qualitative in nature

The participants should be encouraged to produce proposals that can be carried out by the community itself rather than expecting others to do everything

It is important that proposals are written as clearly and specific as possible so that they will be understood at the Interface Meeting

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 56 ٠ CP V1

CVA in PracticeThe Community Scorecard

In the interface meeting the community meets with government service providers and other stakeholders to review what they have discovered and to create a collaborative action plan to improve services

13

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 57 ٠ CP V1

Definition and purpose The participants who have attended the Monitoring

Standards and Score Cards sessions are then brought together in one large meeting to present the outcomes of these sessions and to discuss and build together an action plan to improve the delivery of the public service

The main objective of this meeting is the sharing of information (monitoring standards users and providers assessments) and the preparation of an action plan which includes responsibilities and time lines

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 58 ٠ CP V1

The interface meeting is the most critical session of the Community Gathering process It is critical that you allow enough time for the Interface Meeting Between 2- 5 hours is recommended

The best part of the day to meet is usually mid morning to early afternoon

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 59 ٠ CP V1

1 Prepare materials and resources 2 Prepare flip charts (Flip charts from the Monitoring Standards session and flip

charts from each Score Card Process must also be available for use during the Interface Meeting)

3 Organize venue 4 Mobilise facilitation team 5 Determine participants 6 Facilitation of the Interface Meeting Step 1 introductions purpose and process Step 2 Monitoring Standards presentations Step 3 Score Card presentations Step 4 Action planning Step 5 Closing and celebration

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 60 ٠ CP V1

Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo resultsRemember disaggregate the community

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 61 ٠ CP V1

Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified in the monitoring process

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 62 ٠ CP V1

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 63 ٠ CP V1

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 64 ٠ CP V1

Once the Community Gathering has finished the plan is put into action1048707 Those responsible for actions start to act1048707 Working groups or sub groups are formed1048707 Connections with relevant stakeholders are made1048707 Plans and strategies are developed to achieve the actions committed to

Carrying out the action plan is led by citizens themselves the users of the service and other relevant stakeholders ndash those who volunteered or committed themselves during the Community GatheringProgress to achieve the actions should be monitored by others in the community Their names should also be recorded on the action plan It is important to ensure accountability and responsibility for the actions to be metDOING THE ACTION PLAN IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORLD

VISION OR ITSrsquo PARTNERS

1 Strategy to achieve the action plan decided2 Mobilise stakeholders3 Carry out plans4 Monitoring and support

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 65 ٠ CP V1

Though individuals may be recorded on the action plan as taking responsibility for the achievement of specific actions it is suggested that sub committees or groups are formed to support their delivery A group will make working towards the goal easier and it will stimulate others to become involved in achieving the action plan

Different types of stakeholders can take responsibility to carry out the action plan such as

Citizens (users of the public service) Service providers Community and service providers together Government officials either political and administrative External stakeholders such as CBOs or NGOs

Normally different stakeholders will work together to achieve the plans

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 66 ٠ CP V1

Networks and coalitions also help citizens influence decisions beyond the local level and connect citizens within the local level as well as with other citizen groups at (governance) levels beyond the community such as state and national levels can be built both within (internally) and outside (externally) of the community

There are many social movements existing within countries that citizens can connect to such as coalitions around child well-being and social accountability Social movements can also be formed at district or regional level For example all school management committees within a whole district could agree to work together to influence policy change

A network describes a number of individuals andor different groups that come together to share information

A coalition describes an alliance among individuals and groups where they cooperate in joint action each in their own self-interest The alliance can be temporary and only formed because it helps each party

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 67 ٠ CP V1

It is important to identify the right people to target as part of your actions It may be useful to conduct exercises to understand power in order to identify the right targets for advocacy and influence

Recognize that you may not need to target the most powerful sometimes it is easier to advocate first to another power holder changing their views so they can then advocate on your behalf This is why mapping power holders and influence makers around the change that you want to happen can be so important

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 68 ٠ CP V1

Dialogue with Parliaments Members

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 69 ٠ CP V1

Monitoring and support serves a number of purposes

1048707 to motivate those carrying out the actions1048707 to see that planned actions are happening1048707 to see that the strategies used are effective and helping to achieve the planned action1048707 to enable problem solving if obstacles prevent the actions from being achieved1048707 to report back progress to the community and users of the service

Perseverance to achieve long term sustainable change is often difficult to maintain Starting with lsquoquick winsrsquo ndash changes that happen easily to improve the services is a good way to encourage initial citizen action and to build momentum for longer-term action

Documenting actions taken and progress made are very important to the monitoring andsupport process Those responsible for carrying out the actions should be encouraged to keep a record of what they are doing and the responses and results of their action

Regular reporting back of progress encourages other stakeholders participants and the general community

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 70 ٠ CP V1

Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

ldquoI have more confidence and knowledge to speak at the District and I have the support of the community members and the community health clinichellip At first they didnrsquot have the confidence to speak (But) the community have more courage to speak up in community meetings The women also speak They have more fight (sic)rdquo

Yoseph Marianus village head of Du Flore Island

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 71 ٠ CP V1

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 72 ٠ CP V1

Some ChangesThe health center ambulance is available 24 hours per day (particularly after the replacement of Head of Puskesmas) There is no cost to the community said the Head of Puskesmas Oeolo ndash Thomas Laka

After the Interface Meeting last August 2012 all health workers have stayed in the villages Communities have spoken to Sub-District Community Health Center to find the solution to ensure that midwife stays in the village

All Posyandu in Maubesi and Letmafo village (including Benkoko) have obtained Healthy Card from Health Center in Maubesi through Nice Project PNPM GSC has provided 24 chairs and 2 tables for 5 posyandu in December 2012 Health center in Maubesi has replaced the broken weighing scale in Benkoko Posyandu

The budget has been allocated and disbursed in four posyandu in Kolidetung village by village government for supplementary feeding Rp1300000 year increased to Rp2000000 year Increasing PMT fund is not in Kolidetung only but also in other villages which are Hepang Du Korowuwu and Ladogahar

In Cilincing each Posyandu has a midwife in monthly event It can be done after community approached health cadres association community health center and village government to midwives of private practices

In Cilincing Nutrition education has been conducted by cadres for mothers who have below 2 years baby in RW 04 05 08 and 10 There were 7 (seven) cadres from the community who have been trained as breastfeeding counselor

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 73 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the local levelResearchers from J-PAL studied the impact of an approach similar to CVA in 50 communities in Uganda bull 25 communities implemented a CVA-like

interventionbull 25 communities served as a control group

After one year researchers measured the differences They found that the treatment communities exhibited abull 33 drop in under-five mortality bull 20 increase in the utilization of outpatient

services bull 58 increase in the number of deliveries by

skilled birth attendant deliveries bull 19 increase in the number of patients seeking

antenatal care bull 9 decrease in waiting time

Bjorkman M and Svensson J 2009 Power to the People Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda Quarterly Journal of Economics

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 74 ٠ CP V1

Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the local levelOxford University researchers used Randomized Control Trials to study the impact of the CVA Score Card in100 Ugandan schools bull 30 schools used the CVA Score Cardbull 40 schools served as a control group

One year later researchers measured the differences In the schools using the CVA score card they foundbull Test scores increased by 19 standard deviations

(enough to move the average student from the 50th to the 58th percentile)

bull Pupil attendance increased by 8-10bull Teacher absenteeism dropped by13

Andrew Zeitlin Management and Motivation in UgandanPrimary Schools Impact Evaluation Final Report (2011)

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 75 ٠ CP V1

bull Encourage a collaborative approach that equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve service delivery

bull Ensure participation remains at the heart of the process Participation means that all stakeholders participate in the solution of the problem

bull Link demand-led social accountability with supply-side initiatives

Citizen Voice and Action Three Lessons

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 76 ٠ CP V1

Now is your chance to earn big returns

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 77 ٠ CP V1

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations

٠ 78 ٠ CP V1

Recommendations1 Ensure that supply-side capacity building

and good governance work (especially in decentralization) is intentionally linked with demand-side social accountability

2 Examine ways to systematically scale social accountability work in order to encourage collective action for systemic reform beyond the local level

Contactjeff_hallwviorg bill_walkerwviorg asteria_taruliasi_aritonangwviorgchristiana_widimulyaniwviorg

• Slide 1
• History
• What is Citizen Voice and Action
• What is Accountability
• What is Social Accountability
• The benefits of social accountability
• Effective social accountability
• Citizen Voice and Action and Model of Ministry (3 C)
• CVA and Principle Level Choices
• CVA focuses on government policies (NOT Worl
• CVA focuses on social accountability (NOT Wor
• CVA focuses on citizens (NOT beneficiaries)
• CVA focuses on facilitation
• CVA focuses on citizen-led advocacy (NOT advocacy directed or d
• CVA empowers communities to own the information (information ga
• Slide 16
• CVA Core Elements
• Slide 18
• The Citizen Voice and Action Cycle
• Slide 20
• Country strategy review
• Advocacy strategy
• Staff experience skills and capacity
• Slide 24
• Governance and Politics
• Policy development implementation and budgeting
• Citizen participation
• Public and Social accountability
• Sector analysis
• Civil society (1)
• Civil Society (2)
• CVA in Practice Enabling Citizen Engagement
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• Slide 43
• CVA in Practice The ldquoCommunity Gatheringrdquo
• CVA in Practice The ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Process
• Sample ldquoMonitoring Standardsrdquo Data
• Slide 47
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard
• Definition and purpose
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• CVA in Practice The Community Scorecard (2)
• Definition and purpose (2)
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Sample ldquoCommunity Score Cardrdquo results Remember disaggregate t
• Sample Action Plan ndash How will we address the issues identified
• Slide 62
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• Dialogue with Parliaments Members
• Slide 69
• Equips local leaders to leverage community support to improve s
• Slide 71
• Some Changes
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Health Outcomes at the loc
• Citizen Voice and Action Impact on Education Outcomes at the
• Slide 76
• Slide 77
• Recommendations