Curs Managemnt

8/10/2019 Curs Managemnt

1/32

1

REMEMBER FROM THE PREVIOUSLECTURE:

- The concept of "quality"=a notion that people haveoperated since ancient times:

Genesis:1:31And God saw every thing that he had made,and, behold, it was very good.Hammurapi: If a builder builds a house, and that house

collapses and kills the owner, the builder will be put to death- ISO 9000 standards:

Quality: degreeto which a set of inherent (permanent)charecteristics fulfils requirements;

Requirement: need or expectation that is stated, generallyimplied or obligatory.

Quality management: component of managementresponsible with the directing and controlling the organizationwith regard to quality;


2/32

2. Construction Quality2.1. Construction industry and

Sustainable development

Construction facilities occur as a result of

various fundamental motivations/needs:- need for safety (shelter);

- need to provide adequate conditionsfor various activities (production,business, education, culture, ....);

- spiritual and aesthetic needs;

- protection of environment, etc.2


3/32

3

Construction industry change and sometimes

damage environment:

* The concept of sustainable development

Lester Brown 1984 and U.N. Brundtland

Commision 1987:sustainable development is development

that meets the needs of the present

w i thout comprom is ing the abi l ity of futuregenerat ions to meet their own needs.


4/32

4

For humans, sustainability is the potential forlong-term maintenance of well being, which has

environmental, economic, and social dimensions

The definition reffers to the unitary approach offollowing principles:

Present needs for developement;

Reducing negative human impact on theenvironment and ecosystems;

Equity and poverty alleviation;

Preserve the capacity of future generations tomeet their needs


5/32

5

In the context of equi ty pr incipleconstructionfacilities should satisfy the following threeclasses of requirementsrelated to:

* Direct user(client);* Indirect users(other stakeholders: statutory

authorities, rest of comunity);

* Environment and future generations.


6/32

6

2.2. The Construction Performance Approach:Requ irements , Perform ances, Qual i ty

The Performance Approach - is a new (1970) practicewhich focuses on a construction asset in order toprescribedesired resultsinstead of the way and themethod to get things done.

It is concerned with what a construction facility (product)is required to do, and not with prescribing how it is to beconstructed (as The Prescription approachdoes).

The Performance Approach applies to:

- different levels of aggregation of a built facility (wholebuilding, building elements, buildingproducts/materials);

- different life-stages of the project (design, construction,occupancy, demolition).


7/32

7

The Performance Approach main steps

Identifying and formulating the relevant User

Requirements

Transformingthe User Requirements

identified into Performance Requirements

and quantitative performance criteria,

Using reliable design and evaluation tools to

assess whether proposed solutions meet thestated criteria at a satisfactory level.


8/32

8

User Requirements (Statement of Requirements)

need or expectation related to the intended product;

based on clients needs and specific activities;

document prepared by clients, or in the verbalstatements;

initially are vaguely defined, mainly as generaldescriptions of the intended facility;

are converted/translated into PerformanceRequ irements (explicit or implicit) by Architect andEngineer;

represent the Demand;

the Required performance should ful f i l l theDemand;

An important part of a continuous process ofcommunication between clients (demand) and their

project team (supply).


9/32

9

D

E

M

AN

D

USER LANGUAGE

Related to needs

Related to own activities

(intended use)

REQUIREMENTS

PERFORMANCE

LANGUAGE

What should have theproduct facilitate to meet

the intended use

Based on technical

language and concepts

PERFORMANCE

REQUIREMENTS

S

U

P

L

Y

TECHNICAL LANGUAGE

Related to technicalsolutions

How can the requirements

be met

Specific to supply chain

participants

TECHNICAL

SPECIFICATIONS

PERFORMANCE

LANGUAGE

Predicted and/or measured

properties of the solutions

offered

PERFORMANCE

SPECIFICATIONS

PERFORMANCE

of the BUILDING

COMPARE

QUALITY


10/32

Performance requirements - translate user

requirements in more precise quantitative measurableand technical terms, usually for a specific purpose.

Performance indicatorsgive details about the way

it can be measured the results against explicitrequirements, whether qualitative or quantitative.

Performance specifications can come from:

client;

construction codes and legislation.

10


11/32

Target of Performance based approach:matching

of user requirements and performance

(specifications) of built assets.

Building performance evaluationis the process of

systematically comparing and matching the

performance in use of building assetswithexplicitly documented or implicitly criteria for their

expected performance.

Performance in use assessmentbuildingperformance validation can be done by:

- measurement,

- calculation,

- expert witnesses.


12/32

The report between Performance in use

and Requirements gives Quality.

REMEMBER:

Quali ty (acco rd ing to ISO 9000) = degreeto which a

set of inherent (permanent) charecteristics (of aproduct/service) fulfils requirements.

Cons truc t ion Qual ity (acco rd ing to Law 10/1995) =

represents the total set of performance in usecharacteristics of a built facility in order to fulfill the

direct and indirect user requirements, through the

entire life cycle of that facility.


13/32

13

EXAMPLE of requirement translation

User requirement Performance requirements

Have meetings with max. - Required space: 3 mp/person;

25 people sitting round - Space shape: L/l 1,5/1;

table - Ventilation: min. 30 mc fresh air

per person and per hour;

-Air temperature: t = 19 22 C;

- Noise (due to ext.): max 35 dB;

- Lighting level: min 500 lux.


14/32

14

Romanian STANDARD about User Requirements

STAS 12400/1-1985, Table 2, Anex Adefine the fallowing requirements:

Mechanical resistance and stability;

Safety in case of fire; Safety in use;

Leak protection;

Hygrothermal requirements;

Air quality; Acoustic requirements;

Visual/Aesthetic requirements;

Tactile requirements;

Accessibility;

Hygiene;

Space functionality and adaptability;

Durability;

Value for many (cost effectiveness).


15/32

15

Romanian CODE NC 001-1999 regarding

explication of User Requirements

Performance requirements - translate userrequirements in more precise quantitative measurable andtechnical terms, by the use of a lot/set of PerformanceCriteria.

User RequirementPerformance Requirement = QualityRequirement

Quality Requirement = qualitative expresion of thebuilding characteristics (whole building or buildingsubsystems/elements) to be achieved in order to meet theuser requirements, taking into account a speciffic (for thatparticular buiding and location) set of influencingagents/factors.


16/32

16

ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS

- Law 10/1995 regardind construction qualityidentifies 6Essent ial Requ iremen ts for

construction activity.

- COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 21 December 1988

on the approximation of laws, regulations

and administrative provisions of the Member

States relating to construction products

(89/106/EEC)THE SAME6Essent ial

Requirements.


17/32

17

The products must be suitable for construction

works which (as a whole and in their separate

parts) are fit for their intended use, accountbeing taken of economy, and in this connection

satisfy the following essen t ial requ irements

where the works are subject to regulationscontaining such requirements.

Such requirements must, subject to normalmaintenance, be satisfied for an economically

reasonable working life (Table 1).


18/32

18

Law 10ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENT

1995 - 2007 2007- present

A Resistance and stabilityMechanical resistance and

stability

B Safety in use Safety in case of fire

C Safety in case of fireHygiene, health and the

environment

D

Hygiene and health of man

(workers, occupants or

neighbours) and environment

protection and rehabilitation

Safety in use

EHeat retention, Waterproof

insulation and Energy

economy

Protection against noise

FProtection against noise

Energy economy and heat

retention

Table 1. ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS


19/32

19

A. Mechanical resistance and stability

The construction works must be designed and built insuch a way that the loadings that are liable to act on

them during their construction and use stages will not

lead to any of the following:

(a) collapse of the whole or part of the work;

(b) major deformation to an inadmissible degree;

(c) damage to other parts of the construction works or

to fittings or installed equipment as a result of major

deformation of the load- bearing construction;

(d) damage by an event to an extent disproportionate to

the original cause.


20/32

20

B. Safety in case of fire

The construction works must be designed and builtin such a way that in the event of an outbreak of

fire:

(a) the load-bearing capacity of the construction can

be assumed for a specific period of time;(b) the generation and spread of fire and smoke

within the construction works are limited;

(c) the spread of fire to neighboring construction

works is limited;(d) occupants can leave the construction works or

be rescued by other means;

(e) the safety of rescue teams is taken into

consideration.


21/32

21

C. Hygiene, health and the environmentThe construction works must be designed and built in such a way that

they will, throughout their life cycle, not be a threat to the hygiene or

health and safety of workers, occupants or neighbors, nor have anexceedingly high impact on the environment quality or on the climate

during their construction, use and demolition, in particular as a result of

any of the following:

(a) the giving-off of toxic gas;

(b) the emissions of dangerous substances, volatile organic compounds,greenhouse gases or dangerous particles into indoor or outdoor air;

(c) the emission of dangerous radiation;

(d) the release of dangerous substances into ground water, marine waters,

surface waters or soil;

(e) the release of dangerous substances into drinking water or substances

which have an otherwise negative impact on drinking water;

(f) faulty discharge of waste water, emission of flue gases or faulty disposal

of solid or liquid waste;

(g) dampness in parts of the construction works or on surfaces within the

construction works.


22/32

22

D. Safety (and accessibility) in use

The construction works must be designed and builtin such a way that they do not present

unacceptable risks of accidents or damage in

service or in operation such as s l ipping, fal l ing,

col l is ion, burns, electrocut ion, in jury f romexplos ion and bu rglar ies.

In particular, construction works must be designedand built taking into consideration accessibility and

use for disabled persons.


23/32

23

E. Protection against noise

The construction works must be designed

and built in such a way that noise perceived

by the occupants or people nearby is kept to

a level that will not threaten their health and

will allow them to sleep, rest and work in

satisfactory conditions.


24/32

24

F. Energy economy and heat retention

The construction works and their heating,cooling, lighting and ventilation installations

must be designed and built in such a way that

the amount of energy they require in use shall

be low, when account is taken of the occupantsand of the climatic conditions of the location.

Construction works must also be energy-efficient, using as little energy as possible

during their construction and dismantling.


25/32

25

2.3. CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYCHARACTERISTICS

Produce speciffic aproaches to procurement system

Working place (site) is temporary,

continously changing;

Product(built facility) is unique, immobile

Processes are mobile; Production processmainly outdoor;

Production process continuously

changing. Variety of constructiontechnology, and structure of industry;

Requires other industries to support it;

Complex and expensive;


26/32

Long lastind life-cycle;

Many people/organizations involved in

promotion, construct and use; High incidence of risk and uncertainty in

demand pattern and technical conditions;

The product is usually commisioned andnot bought; Complex and expensive;

Demand is fluctuant, depending largelly

by government;

Requires large and various ammount ofmaterials, equipment and workforce

(seldom highly qualified), etc.

26


27/32

27

2.4. Construction Quality System

Participants to Construction Industry -form a

heterogeneous set of persons and / or organizationsamong which are created, by law and various ad hocrelationships, multiple and diverse connections andconditions. The quality of construction is the result of thisheterogeneous set of factors, namely: :

Client; Consultant/Engineer/Designer;

Contractor;

Suppliers;

Other consultants and service supliers: expertwitnesses, design verifiers, technical advisors,laboratories etc.;

Local and central authorities;

State Inspectorate in Construction, etc.


28/32

28

All these direct and indirect participants

create ad-hoc a complex system, whose

final result is the development ofanthropogenic environment.

Law 10/1995 defines the Construction

Quality System as a set of organizational

structures, resposibilities, and instruments

which are involved in obtaining quality of

the built asset throughout its entire lyfe -cycle (promotion, design, construction, use

and demolition).


29/32

29

Construction Quality System (CQS)

a) Codes and regulations;

b) Materials, Products, Components;

c) Technical approvals (agremente tehnice) for newproducts and technologies;

d) Design verification (quality control), Quality control of

the works and Expert witnesses of the designs, worksand built facilities;

e) Quality management ;

f) Laboratory approval and testing;

g) Construction metrology;

h) Commissioning (handing-over);i) In use construction behavior and interventions;

j) Demolition and disposal;

k) State control of construction quality.


30/32

30

Construction Quality System(CQS) may be

considered as aCybernet ic open sys ten


31/32

31

System = a set of interacting or interdependentcomponents and rules forming an integrated whole (ex :organizational structures, laws, responsibilities,construction codes etc with various conexions inbetween).

Input = customer and community needs andrequirements;

System behavior = it contains processes that transforminputs into outputs (material, money, energy or data);

Output= design, built facility, construction works.

Cybernetic System = are capable of receiving, storingand processing information so as to use it for selfcontrol, using feed-back.

Open Cybernetic System = exchanges matter andenergy with its surroundings/environment (competitors,suppliers, local/central authorities, banks, etc).

Usually, environment induces restrictions


32/32

32

Comments about Q. system behavior

Each person and/or organization within the

system has speciffic interests, which can beeven opposite.

Inside organizations importance approachregarding various objectives can outline a

speciffic objective affecting another (ex.Quantity/Profit more important than Quality,Time reduction more important than Qualityimprovement, etc);

Partizan attitude within the departments affecting

the company global objectives. The more components of the system, the higher

incidence of failers occurs.

Curs Managemnt

Documents

Transcript of Curs Managemnt