Curriculum Guide Agriculture Department

Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science NUGAAL UNIVERSITYFACULTY OF AGRICULTURE AND ANIMAL SCIENCEDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

(Curriculum Guide)Brief course description and distributionFOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCEIN AGRICULTURE

April, 2012 Las Anod, Sool Region

BRIEF CONTENTS 1.0. Introduction1.1. Delivery Methods...1.2. Assessment Methods....1.3. Admission Criteria....1.4. Degree Nomenclature..1.5. Graduate Profile ..2.0. Course Composition3.0. Course Distribution..4.0. Course Description...

1.0. INTRODUCTION

Nugaal University has made continues progress in terms of number of faculties launched in recent years due to the educational gap in the region. The most recent program that the University started was faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science. In particular, the faculty has introduced the department of agriculture for the first time in the history of the region.

This program was based on surveys conducted by Nugaal University in several years (2009, 2010, &2011) that aimed to learn more about the ground situation of the society. According to the surveys findings, 85% among the sample is pastoralists, whereas 15% are agrarian. In addition, the survey teams observed localities that are appropriate for farming such as Nugaal Valley, where inhabitants are lacking adequate farming techniques.

Furthermore, Nugaal University arranged academic discussion regarding the findings of the surveys. That discussion has brought about the establishment of the faculty which was given priority to two fields, mainly Crop and Livestock Production.

The Bachelor of Science in Agriculture would transform Sool community from Pastoralists to Agro-Pastoralists by producing professionals that are capable and competent in nature. The reason behind it is that the pastoralist society is more vulnerable than Agro-pastoralists in seasonal droughts while food security deliberately considered. In the end, the Bachelor of Science in Agriculture had officially launched on Sept. 2012.

1.1. Delivery Methods

Teaching methods are student centered approach and include: Lecture Seminars/tutorials Practical attachments Audio visuals such as videos, pictures, diagrams and models Bedsides/teaching rounds Case studies Agricultural extension participation Field demonstration Discussion

1.2. Assessment Methods Formative assessments (Quiz /Discussion) Summative assessments (Final Written / Oral Examination) Progressive assessment of rounds, bedsides, case-reports, etc Demonstration Student attitude & behaviour Student presentation Comprehensive examination

1.3. Admission criteriaThe candidates must:0. Complete high school education successfully with average score of at least C 0. Meet the other set criteria of the Nugaal University to join the program0. Be fully sponsored by Private, Governmental or Nongovernmental organizations or Self0. Be physically and mentally fit0. Able to pass the entrance exam set by the University0. Have full interest to serve his/her community1.4. Degree Nomenclature Upon Satisfactory completion, the Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (BSc in Agriculture) will be awarded to candidates. 1.5. Graduate Profile for something kkkk

2.0. COURSE COMPOSITION

Category # of CoursesCredit Hours

Major Crop production2289

Major livestock courses1439

Supportive1030

Common 824

Total 56 Courses 182 Credit Hours

Major (Crop Production) Courses

1Introduction to Horticulture

2Introduction to Crop Production

5Soil Science

6Farm Management

8Food Science

9Soil & Water Conservation

10Agro Marketing

11Plant Pathology

12Food Processing Management

13Participatory Rural Appraisal

14Tropical Diseases

15Agricultural Extension

16Irrigation & Drainage

17Integrated Weed Management

18Entomology

19Pest & Disease Management

20Plant Breeding

21Farm Machinery

22Rural Development

Minor (Livestock Production) Courses

23Bee Keeping and Production

24Animal Anatomy & Physiology

25Forage Production and Management

26Meat Production

27Poultry Production Management

28Animal health and Disease Control

29Wild Animal Conservation

30Animal husbandry

31Fish and aquatic production

32Animal behavior and welfare

33Animal genetics and breeding

34Animal nutrition

Supportive (General Science) Courses

35Botany

36Zoology

37Organic Chemistry

38Ecology

39Microbiology

40Biochemistry

41Diary Microbiology

42Biotechnology

Common Courses

43College Writing Skills

44Sociology

45Communication English

46Psychology

47Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management

48Computer Application

49Statistics

50Research Methodology

3.0. COURSE DISTRIBUTIONYear One: Semester ICourse codeCourse Title Credit HoursWeekly Contact hours(Theory)Weekly Contact hours(Practical)

1Introduction to Horticulture 342

2Introduction to Crop Production36-

3College Writing Skills 24-

4Botany36-

5Zoology36-

6Sociology and Anthropology 36-

7Organic Chemistry36-

Total credit hours 20

NU Year One: Semester IICOURSE CODECOURSE TITLECREDIT HOURSWeekly Contact hours(Theory)Weekly Contact hours(Practical)

1Introduction to Animal genetics and breeding48-

2Animal behavior and welfare36-

3Communication English24-

4Animal husbandry351

5Soil science462

6Psychology24-

7Ecology36-

Total credit hours21

NU Year Two: Semester ICourse codeCourse TitleCredit HoursWeekly Contact hours(Theory)Weekly Contact hours(Practical)

1 Farm Management 3Weekly Contact hours(Theory)-

2Animal Anatomy & physiology342

3Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management 24-

4Food Science 36-

5Bee Keeping and Production 342

6Computer Application 222

7Soil & Water Conservation 342

8Microbiology 36-


NU Year Two: Semester IICourse codeCourse TitleCredit HoursWeekly Contact hours(Theory)Weekly Contact hours(Practical)

1Agro Marketing 36-

2Plant Pathology 462

3Biochemistry 36-

4Forage Production and Management 36-

5Participatory Rural Appraisal 24-

6Animal Nutrition 36-


Year Three: Semester ICourse codeCourse TitleCredit HoursWeekly Contact hours(Theory)Weekly Contact hours(Practical)

1Tropical Diseases471

2Agricultural Extension 342

3Irrigation & Drainage 462

4Meat Production 36-

5Poultry Production Management 36-

6Integrated Weed Management 342


Year Three: Semester IICourse codeCourse TitleCredit HoursWeekly Contact hours(Theory)Weekly Contact hours(Practical)

1Entomology 48-

2Pest & Disease Management 462

3Plant Breeding 48-

4Animal Health & Disease Control 342

5Biotechnology 36-


Year Four: Semester ICourse codeCourse TitleCredit HoursWeekly Contact hours(Theory)Weekly Contact hours(Practical)

1Wild Animal Conservation 342

2Farm Machinery 36-

3Research Methodology 36-

4Rural Development 36-

5Environmental Health 36-

6Seed Quality Control 36-

Year Four: Semester IICategory Course TitleCredit HoursWeekly Contact hours(Theory)Weekly Contact hours(Practical)

1Fishing and Fish Production 36-

2Fresh Water Ecology 36-

3Animal Breeding 342

4Biotechnology3-

5Livestock Product Processing and Marketing 36-

6Research Project48-

4.0. COURSE DESCRIPTION

COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO HORTICULTURE

Course Description: this course intends to offer introductory concepts and methods of horticulture production by emphasizing environment of horticulture, fruit, and vegetable and ornamental plant productions. And in the end, the course provides horticulture management knowledge with detailed practices.

Prerequisite Course/s: None

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Land preparation and tillage 2. Consideration of horticulture3. Vegetable types4. Vegetable types on the basis of temperature 5. Root crops 6. Tuber crops 7. Leafy crops 8. Water refinement 9. Integrated weed control 10. Pest and disease management 11. Marketing , transportation and handling of Horticultural Products

COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO CROP PRODUCTIONPre-requisite: None

Course Description: this course deals with the basic understanding of various crop products by emphasizing their natural behavior in production levels. It also enables students to gain in depth knowledge regarding their approaches, methods/techniques and processes of crop production management. In particular, agronomical practices and disease control. Prerequisite course/s:

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Land preparation 2. Factors influencing crop production 3. Water requirement 4. Seed selection methods5. Crop varieties 6. Cereal crops 7. Legumes 8. Tree crops

COURSE TITLE: COLLEGE WRITING SKILLSCourse Descriptions: This course will focus on writing strategies. Emphasis will be on development of sentence structure, sentence variety, and paragraph structure to essay level. The sentence level writing includes writing accurate sentences i.e. avoiding fragments, run-on sentences, agreement faults, faulty parallelism, dangling construction, etc. the paragraph level writing emphasizes the basics of paragraph writing i.e. coherence, unity, completeness, topic sentences; statement of main idea, writing supports, appropriate emphasis, logical arrangement and development of ideas such as cause and effect, comparison and contrast, description, definition, exemplification, classification, sequencing events, etc. This paragraph level writing also includes the drafting, revision, and editing processes of writing. Students will be introduced to the techniques of composing longer texts or essay writing.

Pre-requisite: None

COURSE CONTENTS1. Sentence writing 2. The composing process3. The Writing process4. Practicing the basics of writing5. Structuring and Organizing Text 6. Producing various types of texts

COURSE TITLE: ZOOLOGY Course Description: this course introduces to students the study of zoology at the cellular organism, and function levels. It provides to students for the introduction of areas of systematic evaluation, reproduction, development, animal diversity and ecology.

Prerequisite Course: None

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Fundamental properties of life2. General features of living organisms3. The grades of organization 4. The animal like 5. Metazoans and protozoa 6. Pseudo coalimate animals 7. Moluccas 8. Opinion of zoologists

COURSE TITLE: BOTANY Course Description: this course deals with the plant cells, tissues, structure, anatomy and function of plant organs. Students will be introduced plant energy nutrition, transportation, classification and ecology.

Prerequisite course: No pre-requisite course

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Evolution of prokaryotes 2. Terminology 3. Higher plants 4. Reproduction of angiosperm5. Difference between gymnosperm and angiosperm plants 6. Plant physiology and anatomy 7. Monocot and dicot plants

COURSE TITLE: SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGYCourse Description: Sociology and Anthropology deals with basic understanding of the subject matter and the techniques used to study in the contemporary era for human social life patterns. In addition, it provides students general understanding of societys culture, tradition, and its living pattern. Finally, the main objective of the course is to familiarize agriculture students with the fundamental elements of sociological and anthropological perspective regarding human social life. Prerequisite course/s: NoneCOURSE CONTENTS1. Introduction to Subject matter 1. Sociological Methodology 1. Sociological and related disciplines 1. Social organizations and relationship 1. Introduction to Anthropology1. Culture 1. Social processes 1. Sociological perspectives 1. Methods of social action 1. Language and arts1. Race, ethnicity and health problems 1. The family 1. Religion

COURSE TITLE: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Course Description: this course provides the systematic account of organic compounds. It introduces saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with detailed explanation about their physical and chemical properties. This course also deals with their methods of preparation and chemical reactions. Finally, students will be assigned to conduct practical experiments at end of the course. Prerequisite course/s:

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Organic 2. 3. Alcohol 4. 5. Phenols 6. 7. Ethers 8. 9. Aldehydes 10. 11. Ketones 12. Acids (carboxylic Acids)13. 14. Amines 15. 16. Amides 17. 18. Nitrates and other

COURSE TITLE: COMMUNICATION ENGLISHCourse Description: This is an integrated skills development course, covering reading, listening, speaking, writing, and just grammar and vocabulary. Reading involves reading for gist, intensive reading, scanning, critical reading, and note-making. Listening incorporates listening for gist, listening for details, discriminating major and minor ideas, taking notes, and identifying features of active listening. Speaking activities include tasks such as introducing oneself and others, giving advice, debating, group work, oral reports, etc. writing activities focus on writing personal description, summary writing, describing charts, and tables..

COURSE CONTENTSThis course is text based and could incorporate texts on agriculture, gender, pastorialism and environment which are the cross cutting themes currently.

COURSE TITLE: ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Course Description: this course covers animal farm husbandry systems including routine management, record keeping and marketing strategies. It also emphasizes environmental factors and diseases that affect animal productivity.

Prerequisite course: None

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Economic importance of animal husbandry 2. Livestock routine management 3. Management during gestation 4. Calf rearing and bucket feeding5. Approved practices of beef cattle production 6. Wool production 7. Milk production practices8. Productive physiology of farm animals9. Milk Diseases and treatments

COURSE TITLE: SOIL SCIENCE

Prerequisite course/s: None

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Soil formation 2. Factors influences soil formation 3. Role of Soil for living organisms4. Soil types 5. Maintenance of soil healthy 6. Soil chemistry 7. Living organism in soil 8. Soil erosion and erosion agents9. Agronomical control 10. Biological erosion control

COURSE TITLE: FARM MANAGEMENT

Course description: The course structure includes: management as applied to farming; nature of farm management science, objectives and its importance; farm management problems in Somaliland conditions; Decision-making process of a farmer as a farm manager, production relationships in farming: factor-product relationships, factor-factor relationships, product-product relationships. Economic principles applied to farm management, Production and costs; farm planning and budgeting, farm accounts and accounting analysis: record keeping (cash flows, work planning and profit and loss statement); management of important farm resources, risk management and business thinking.

Pre-requisite course: NoneCOURSE CONTENTS

COURSE TITLE:FORAGE AND PASTURE PRODUCTIONCourse Description:

Pre-requisites:NoneBRIEF CONTENT

1. Introduction to Feed resources in Somaliland2. Botany of Legumes and Grasses3. Physiological Factors for Pasture Growth4. Forage Crops Introduction and Evaluation5. Effect of Agronomic practices 6. Forage seed production7. Management of improved Pasture 8. Crop residue improvements for ruminant production

COURSE TITLE:INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDING

Course Description: Physical basis of heredity, Mendelian genetics Mutation and chromosomal aberration and their importance in livestock improvement. Extra chromosomal inheritance. Genetic principles of development, evolution and behavior. Gene regulation at molecular level- gene structure, regulation, replication, protein synthesis and mutation. Genetic engineering as applied to animal. Major traits in farm animals-qualitative, quantitative and threshold traits. Variation of economic traits and measurement of variation. Genetics and environmental interaction. Principles of population genetics, gene frequency, Hardy-Weinberg law and factors affecting gene frequency. Genetic parameters: heritability, repeatability and correlation among traits. Principles and methods of selection: selection based on records of individuals, progeny, pedigree, collateral relatives and combination of records. Mating systems-principles, types and effects of inbreeding and out-breeding in farm animals. Recording and standardization of records. Selection and breeding for adaptive traits like heat tolerance and disease resistance. Conservation of farm animal resources.

Course Prerequisite: None

COURSE CONTENTSThe course content is primarily to understand the basic concepts and principles of inheritance and breeding so that it will form a firm base for application of these principles for improvement of animal production through breeding. The fast growing knowledge in the field of molecular genetics, breeding and genetic engineering is included which will be of immense help in enhancing animal productivity in future

COURSE TITLE: ANIMAL BEHAVIOR & WELFARE

Course Description: The course will focus on how animals interact in a given habitat and the role of behavior in their interaction. The scope and importance of animal behavior, Innate versus learned behavior; environmental influence, impact of domestication on behavior; physiological basis of behavior, motivation, development, function and evolution of behavior will be discussed. Ingestive& Eliminative behavior, Agonistic & Sexual behavior, Care giving & care seeking behavior, communication of behavior; role of hormones and pheromones; selection for behavioral characteristics; age and living space in relation to behavior; social organization and variations among social groups, comparison between behavior of wild and domestic animals; rights of animals (ethical issues of animals); unnecessary beating/torturing animals; rest required during peak heat hours; protection from severe cold/heat; humane slaughter; adequate housing space, intensification and animal production; unethical animal fight, standard of critiques and the problem will be point of discussion.


COURSE CONTENTS 1. Introduction to animal behavior 2. Innate versus learned behavior3. Environmental influence and impact of domestication on behavior4. Physiological basis of behavior, motivation, development 5. Communication and the role of hormones and pheromones6. Behavioral ecology-Advantages of group living, territoriality and home range 7. comparison between behavior of wild and domestic animals 8. Animal Behavior 9. Ethical issues of animals10. Adequate housing space, intensification and animal production; unethical animal fight, standard of critiques and the problem.

COURSE TITLE: ANIMAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGYCourse Description: This course is designed to give students basic anatomy and physiology knowledge on animals with particular emphasis on domestic animals (the cow, sheep, & camel). Terminology is an important part of the course. Systematical body structure and organs study of farm animals with comparative anatomical study of mammals and other animals will be discussed. Cells and tissues will be described as the fundamental structural and functional units of body organization. Important species differences are described. Physiological study of the systemic body functions and regulation of coordinated body organs function under the physiological changes in domestic animal will be dealt.Under practical session, demonstration of the structure, locations and relationships of organs & systems of the body using various models will be performed. Laboratory examination of cells and tissues under a microscope will be presented. The course also provides practical experience in discovering principles and structures associated with the anatomy and physiology of animals. COURSE CONTENTS1. Introduction to anatomy and physiology2. Cells & Tissues3. Integumetal system/ The skin4. Skeletal system5. Muscular system6. Nervous system7. Endocrine system8. Digestive system9. Respiratory system10. Cardiovascular system11. Urinary system

COURSE TITLE: FOOD SCIENCE

Course Description: this course is about understanding food quality preservation techniques and also deals with diet constitute mainly nutritional elements that are essential to human body. It also addresses the various types of food and nutritional compounds that the human utilizes. The course emphasizes food preservation methods and pathogenic agents deteriorating food shelf life. In addition, diseases resulted from contaminated food and finally introduce the processing, packaging techniques of food.


COURSE CONTENT1. Types and characteristics of food 2. Nutritional elements of food 3. Balanced diet 4. Microbial growth and food deterioration 5. Food preservation methods6. Food processing and packaging

COURSE TITLE: SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Description: The course is about the study of soil development, soil physical properties and water management. Soil and water Conservation course introduces water harvesting approaches and techniques to control water run-off. It also provides when and where soil degradation can occur in a given time and place. With this knowledge, the course empowers students to deeply understand biological, agronomical and physical management practices.


COURSE CONTENTS1. Introduction2. Soil forming factors and weathering processes 3. Important physical properties of mineral soils 4. Important chemical properties 5. Soil organic matter 6. Soil and water relationships 7. Soil erosion and its control 8. Soil acidity and its management 9. Salt affected soils and their management

COURSE TITLE: COMPUTER APPLICATIONPre-requisite: NONE

Course Description: The course is about to introduce the evolution of computer science field with particular emphasis on Computer systems and applications. At the end, the course thoroughly provides required skills in utilizing office applications such as Spreadsheet, Word processing, Power point etc. Prerequisite Course: No prerequisite CoursesCOURSE CONTENT1. An overview of Computer Science, Introduction to PC Applications. 1. Historical development of computers1. Organization of a computer system1. Parts of computer system1. Soft wares1. Operating soft wares1. Common applications software (MS word, Excel, Power Point)COURSE TITLE: MICROBIOLOGY

Course Description: this course deals with the scientific foundation of agricultural microbiology and brief history of microbiology classification microbes. It also covers techniques and methods used in study of micro organisms. The course also provides detailed study of various groups of microorganisms with the respect of structure and physiology. At end, this course will emphasize microorganism in the soil, food, dairy, water, plant pathogens and health areas.

Prerequisite course/s:

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells2. Scientific methods of research 3. Basic bacteriology 4. Methods for studying micro organisms5. Microscopy of bacterial cell6. Culture of micro organisms7. Characterization and identification of micro organisms 8. Control of microbial growth

COURSE TITLE: AGRO-MARKETING

Course Description: this course is designed to provide students better understanding key of agricultural marketing issues and concerns. Students will be introduced the analytical skills used to evaluate different marketing strategies. This course also deals with market structure behavior and performance. Market and market game theory also provided. Students will be able to understand the functions performed and appropriate knowledge on complexities of agricultural marketing system. In short, the course applies the basic economic concepts and analytical tools to understand market forces that affect product price. Course Prerequisite: Farm Management

COURSE CONTENTS

COURSE TITLE: PLANT PATHOLOGY

Course Description: it is designed to learners for acquiring basic knowledge of plant health in general. In particular, the course addresses concepts in relation to causal agents of plant diseases and the factors contributing to it. It also offers greater understanding regarding pathogenic agents development and the stages it gets through. In short, the course focuses on disease management and control procedures.

Pre-requisite: Microbiology

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Introduction of plant pathology 2. Terminology 3. Plant disease 4. Pathogen city 5. Survival of plant pathogens 6. Dispersal of plant diseases7. Disease cycle 8. Plant defense mechanism Plant disease management

COURSE TITLE: BIOCHEMISTRYCourse Description: It provides agricultural students with basic knowledge and understanding of the normal chemical and metabolic processes of the body and how it affected by certain disorders; knowledge of the molecular basis of certain types of diseases, and the biochemical basis of drug actions and effects of toxins. The course also provides basic elements of chemical food composition and molecular constituents of enzymes. And finally, the course briefly explains chemical composition of living organisms.

Pre-requisite courses: Organic Chemistry COURSE CONTENTS1. Introduction 1. The scope and significance of biochemistry to agricultural production 1. The major chemical constituents of cells1. Proteins 1. Carbohydrates 1. Lipids 1. Intermediary metabolism 1. Lipid metabolism 1. Protein Metabolism 1. Integration of metabolism 1. Porphyry and bile pigments 1. Genetics 1. Vitamins 1. Minerals 1. Iodine homeostasis 1. The blood and Blood groups COURSE TITLE: PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL

Prerequisite course/s:

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Community sketch map 2. Social data 3. Institutional analysis 4. Gender daily analysis

COURSE TITLE: STATISTICSCourse Description: This course introduces students to the definition of statistics and the importance of statistics in agriculture. The course will then equip the students with basic know-how of descriptive statistics. Vital statistics and agricultural service statistics will also be dealt with thoroughly. Subsequently probability theory and sampling theory will be addressed. Finally, the student will be introduced to basic techniques of statistical inference vs. statistical estimation and hypothesis testing.

Prerequisite: NoneCOURSE CONTENT1. Introduction to statistics 2. Descriptive statistics 3. Vital statistics4. Health statistics 5. Probability theory and probability distribution 6. Sampling theory 7. Elementary statistical estimation theory 8. Statistical testing9. Introduction to correlation and regression10. Introduction to use of computer soft ware (EPI_INFO and SPSS) for data management

COURSE TITLE: ANIMAL HEALTH & DISEASE CONTROLCourse Description: The course deals with the health aspects of animal Production with regard to animal diseases and their prevention and control. It also describes some epidemiological concepts on the occurrence and distribution of the disease and factors incriminated for their occurrence. It concerns the classification of animal diseases and their general effect on the production and productivity. It gives emphasis to important infectious diseases in Somaliland through systematic description of their etiology, mode of transmission, occurrence, pathogenesis, signs, pathological finding, diagnosis, treatment and finally prevention and control of those diseases.Course Pre-requisite: Animal Husbandry

COURSE TITLE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGYPre-requisite: Statistics

Course Description: this course is intended to equip students with a basic working knowledge of agricultural research methods. It also offers the trainee an acquaintance with research proposal writing, critical appraisal of scientific paper and application of common statistical packages. Pre-requisite course: Statistics COURSE CONTENTS 1. Types of study designs merits, demerits 1. Sampling 1. Sample size determination determinants: prevalence, precision, expected response etc.1. Types of data (primary, secondary) 1. Methods of data collection 1. Developing data collection tools1. Data processing, analysis and presentation 1. Research proposal writing1. Critical appraisal of scientific paper1. Application of common statistical package (Computer lab-Epi Info, SPSS)

COURSE TITLE: FARM MACHINERY Course Description: this course deals with the application of mechanical, physical, biological and electronic principles that solved the real life problems in crop/fruit/vegetable production processes. Practically, students will involve dynamics of seeding, transplanting, soil seed, seedling, mowing, threshing and their interaction with the machine.

Prerequisite course/s: None

COURSE CONTENTS 1. Sources of farm power2. Internal combustion engines3. The lubrication system 4. The cooling system5. Engine performance and maintenance 6. Farm machines7. Tillage equipment 8. Planting equipment 9. Equipment for applying fertilizers 10. Equipment for crop protection 11. Threshing equipment 12. Combined harvest-thresher13. Equipment for harvesting root crops14. Equipment for irrigation

9.

COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION

Course Description: this course provides to students the concept, philosophy, principles, context and historical evolution of agricultural extension as a medium of agricultural and rural development. Students will learn the scope, methods and procedures of comparative agricultural extension systems and approaches. The course is applied appropriate agricultural extension systems to various extension audiences. This course implements appropriate agro-extension technology, content and students will be introduced communication and extension management tools. Finally, students will be explained building linkage between farmers,, researchers, policy makers and other stakeholders within the extension system.

Pre-requisite course: Farm management

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Problems facing extension in developing countries 2. Extension levels3. Selection of extension workers4. In service training 5. Learning methods6. Extension methods7. Initiating change 8. Adaptation and diffusion of an innovation 9. The adaptation process 10. Categories of adopters 11. Four approaches to rural development 12. Six functional components of agricultural system

COURSE TITLE: ENTOMOLOGY

Course Description: this course is designed for students to help understand the basic classifications of insects and their morphological cycle. It also deals with studying physiology of insects and their effects on plant production. In short, the course provides insect nomenclatures, their taxonomy and the ways it could be controlled for their negative impact on crop production.

Prerequisite course: zoology

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Introduction to Insects 2. Insect classification 3. Second mouth part insect4. Chewing mouth part insect5. Crawling insects6. Insect morphology (life Cycle)7. Damage of insect to plant production 8. Insect management 9. Integrated pest management

COURSE TITLE: TROPICAL DISEASES

Course description:

Prerequisite course: Plant pathology

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Microbial diseases2. Environmental diseases3. Higher plant diseases4. Vegetable diseases5. Cereal diseases 6. Legume diseases7. Diseases in nursery 8. Soil born diseases9. Post harvest diseases10. Disease management and control

COURSE TITLE: INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT

Course Description: this course is about the study of weeds and their control. Students will be introduced principles regarding weed classification, biology, herbicides chemistry and plant ecology. It also covers integrated management practices which eliminate and control weeds in grain crops, legumes, vegetables, fruits, pasture and other crop ecologies. At end, this course deals with herbicides formulation and safe herbicides use.


COURSE CONTENTS

1. Weed Ecology2. allelopathy 3. Significance of competition 4. Weed management 5. Biological methods of application6. Chemical methods: classification of herbicides 7. Herbicide and environment 8. Herbicide legislation

COURSE TITLE: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

Prerequisite course: Botany

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Plant anatomy 2. Plant transportation 3. Ecological classification 4. Plant Prerequisite course/s:

COURSE TITLE: SURVEY AND MAPPING COURSE CONTENTS

1. Plan surveying 2. Instrumental surveying 3. Units of measurements 4. Drawing of surveying 5. Surveying measurements and adjustments6. Uses and misuses of instruments for surveying

COURSE TITLE: BEE KEEPING


Course description: Introduction, biology and biodiversity of bee, bee keeping in Ethiopia, social life, principles and practices of bee culture, bee breeding and rearing, bees management, hive products, process of honey extraction and marketing, modern techniques in honey production, disease and pests of bees. The construction of bee hives.Practical: Apiary layout and site selection, identification of members of a bee colony, demonstrating the use of beekeepers equipment, differences between traditional transitional and modern hives, inspection of beehive, measurement of parts of modern beehive, wax rendering, comb foundation printing techniques, method of capturing a swarm of bees, identification of common diseases in beehive, techniques of honey extraction, packing and hygienic methods of handling extracted honey, visit to a private beekeeper.

COURSE TITLE: IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE

Course Description: This course intends to provide students with the various irrigation techniques and modern practices in water draining. It also deeply addresses evo-transpiration occurrences and their effect in plant development. Irrigation and Drainage course deals with the negative impact of water on plant germination and the significance of water supply routes to farm production. Finally, it enables students to identify symptoms of water lodging and its control.

Pre-requisite Course: Soil and Water Conservation

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Precipitation 2. Rainfall measurement instruments 3. Factors influencing infiltration 4. Evaporation transpiration and calculating ET5. Run off6. Water harvesting systems 7. Ground water hydrology 8. Construction of wells 9. Water quality in irrigation 10. Irrigation principles 11. Types of irrigation

COURSE TITLE: WILDLIFE CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENTCourse description: The course will focus on how to manage and conserve our natural resources with particular emphasis on wildlife. Reasons for conserving our resources, processes of wildlife management, selection of sites to establish protected areas and management will be discussed. The importance of data-base for wildlife management will be explained. Advantage of community integrated wildlife conservation and management will be dealt giving emphasis in our country with attempts and achievements so far done including limitations and opportunities.Field trip will be arranged to observe and identify some important wild mammals and birds in some areas in our country. Population census such as road count using vehicles will be practiced. Itinerary writing will be part of the journey. Wildlife film and slide show concerning wildlife population and habitat management techniques will be arranged.

Pre-requisite: NoneCONTENTS1. Introduction to wildlife2. Man and Wildlife3. Reasons for Conservation of Wildlife Resources4. Principle of Conservation Biology5. Basic concepts of Wildlife ecology6. Data-base for wildlife management and Techniques for Counting7. The art of wildlife management:8. Guidelines to formulate wildlife management plan and evaluating its effectiveness 9. Wildlife conservation and management in Ethiopia10. Community integrated wildlife conservation and management

COURSE TITLE: FISHERIES & AQUACULTURE

Course Description: The course focuses on understanding the importance of fisheries, aquaculture, limnology and ichthyology. It deals with unique features, external & internal structures of fishes, taxonomy & distribution of fishes in Somaliland providing attention for seas, fresh water ecosystem which is the lakes and barkets. The main physical, chemical and biological factors affecting fish production in seas and inland water, community structure and dynamics in aquatic environments including fish biology such as feeding, growth, major diseases of fish & their treatments will be point of discussion. Fish culturing (aquaculture), harvesting, fishing method, transportation and preservation will be also described. Field and laboratory experiments will be designed to understand the aquatic ecosystem with fish identification, physic-chemical analysis, investigation of internal & external structures, and observation of fish preservation and transportation methodsPre-requisite: NoneCONTENTS:

1. Introduction to fisheries & aquaculture1. Unique feature of fishes1. External structure of fishes1. Internal structure of fishes1. Taxonomy of fishes1. Important fishes and their distribution in Somaliland1. Inland water: origins, physical, chemical & biological characteristics of lakes1. Fishery biology: feeding, growth, disease 1. Fish culturing (aquaculture): Fish farming in pond, cage & pens, harvesting, preservation, transportation and marketing

COURSE TITLE: ANIMAL MEAT PRODUCTION

Course Prerequisite: Animal Husbandry

This course deals with the study of animal meat production processes and animal breeding. In particular, the animals that the course covers both in meat production and animal breeding are cattle, camel, goat and sheep. It also covers the nutrition levels that each type holds to human being and the factors that negatively affect their production processing. In addition, students will be given how to improve animal housing system, fattening and general animal farm husbandry practices. At end, students will be able to administer slaughter houses, and animal fattening centers.

CONTENT

1. Meat in human nutrition 2. Chemical composition and physical properties of meat3. Animal Welfare and Slaughtering 4. Animal Breeds 5. Slaughter Processing of Animal6. Meat preservation & quality control

5Curriculum Guide Department of Agriculture

Curriculum Guide Agriculture Department

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