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    General Capabilities

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    Personal and soc ial capabilit y

    Introduction

    In the Australian Curriculum, students develop personal and social capability as they learn tounderstand themselves and others, and manage their relationships, lives, work and learningmore effectively. The capability involves students in a range of practices including recognisingand regulating emotions, developing empathy for others and understanding relationships,establishing and building positive relationships, making responsible decisions, workingeffectively in teams, handling challenging situations constructively and developing leadership

    skills.

    The Melbourne Declaration on the Educational Goals for Young Australians (MCEETYA 2008)recognises that personal and social capability assists students to become successful learners,helping to improve their academic learning and enhancing their motivation to reach their fullpotential. Personal and social capability supports students in becoming creative and confidentindividuals with a sense of self-worth, self-awareness and personal identity that enables themto manage their emotional, mental, spiritual and physical wellbeing, with a sense of hope andoptimism about their lives and the future. On a social level, it helps students to form andmaintain healthy relationships and prepares them for their potential life roles as family,community and workforce members (MCEETYA, p. 9).

    Students with well-developed social and emotional skills find it easier to manage themselves,relate to others, develop resilience and a sense of self-worth, resolve conflict, engage inteamwork and feel positive about themselves and the world around them. The development of

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    However, some of the skills and practices implicit in the development of the capability may bemost explicitly addressed in specific learning areas, such as Health and Physical Education.Teachers can also use the Personal and social capability learning continuum to plan for theteaching of targeted skills specific to an individuals learning needs. For more detailed adviceon using the Personal and social capability to personalise learning go to Student Diversity

    The Personal and social capability is addressed through the learning areas and is identifiedwherever it is developed or applied in content descriptions. It is also identified where it offersopportunities to add depth and richness to student learning in content elaborations. An iconindicates where Personal and social capability has been identified in learning area content

    descriptions and elaborations. A filter function on the Australian Curriculum website assistsusers to find where Personal and social capability has been identified in F10 curriculumcontent. Teachers may find further opportunities to incorporate explicit teaching of Personal andsocial capability depending on their choice of activities. Students can also be encouraged todevelop capability through personally relevant initiatives of their own design.

    Personal and social capability in English(www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/English/General-capabilities )

    Personal and social capability in Mathematics(www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/Mathematics/General-capabilities )

    Personal and social capability in Science(www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/Science/General-capabilities )

    Personal and social capability in History

    http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/StudentDiversity/Overviewhttp://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/StudentDiversity/Overviewhttp://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/StudentDiversity/Overviewhttp://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/English/General-capabilities#Critical-and-creative-thinkinghttp://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/English/General-capabilitieshttp://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/English/General-capabilitieshttp://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/Mathematics/General-capabilitieshttp://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/Mathematics/General-capabilitieshttp://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/Science/General-capabilitieshttp://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/Science/General-capabilitieshttp://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/History/General-capabilities#Critical-and-creative-thinkinghttp://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/History/General-capabilitieshttp://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/History/General-capabilitieshttp://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/History/General-capabilitieshttp://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/History/General-capabilities#Critical-and-creative-thinkinghttp://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/Science/General-capabilitieshttp://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/Mathematics/General-capabilitieshttp://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/English/General-capabilitieshttp://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/English/General-capabilities#Critical-and-creative-thinkinghttp://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/StudentDiversity/Overview
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    of his eight intelligences. More recently, Goleman further popularised the concepts of emotionalintelligence (1995) and social intelligence (2006) in educational discourse.

    In 1994, Goleman and others founded the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and EmotionalLearning (CASEL) at the University of Illinois Chicago (UIC). Since then, CASEL has been theworlds leading organisation in advancing understandings, research, networks, curriculum,school practice and public policy in the area of personal and social learning.

    CASELs evidence-based approach and definitions of Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) arethe best known and most highly respected in the world today, and provide an excellentframework for integrating the academic, emotional and social dimensions of learning.

    Most educational programs around the world that integrate social and emotional learning arebased on CASELs SEL framework. This framework is also drawn upon and referenced byvarious personal, interpersonal and social curriculum in Australian states and territories, and byprograms such as MindMatters, KidsMatter and Response Ability.

    While some differences emerge within the literature about how personal and emotional learning

    should be named, constructed and taught, and different organisations also include someadditional categories, it is widely accepted that a Personal and social capability will alwaysinclude a minimum foundation of the four interrelated and non-sequential organising elements Self-awareness, Self-management, Social awareness and Social management used in thePersonal and social capability learning continuum.

    The capability has also been richly informed by understandings gained through the NationalFramework for Values Education in Australian Schools (DEEWR 2005), and the resultant

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    References

    Beveridge, A. 2010, Report : General capabilities social competence , Hay Group

    (commissioned by ACARA, unpublished).

    Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL), Social and Emotional Learning (SEL ) in Schools : http://casel.org (accessed 9 October 2011).

    Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations 2005, National Framework forValues Education in Australian Schools :www.curriculum.edu.au/values/val_national_framework_for_values_education,8757.html (accessed 9 October 2011).

    Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations 2010, National Safe Schools Framework draft, ACT, Australia:www.deewr.gov.au/Schooling/NationalSafeSchools/Pages/nationalsafeschoolsframework.aspx (accessed 9 October 2011).

    Department of Health and Ageing 2010, KidsMatter: Australian primary schools mental healthinitiative : www.kidsmatter.edu.au/primary/ (accessed 9 October 2011).

    Department of Health and Ageing 2010, MindMatters : www.mindmatters.edu.au/default.asp (accessed 9 October 2011).

    Department of Health and Ageing, implemented by Hunter Institute of Mental Health inpartnership with universities and tertiary educators, Response Ability:www.responseability.org/site/index.cfm (accessed 9 October 2011).

    http://www.casel.org/http://www.casel.org/http://www.casel.org/http://www.curriculum.edu.au/values/val_national_framework_for_values_education,8757.htmlhttp://www.curriculum.edu.au/values/val_national_framework_for_values_education,8757.htmlhttp://www.deewr.gov.au/Schooling/NationalSafeSchools/Pages/nationalsafeschoolsframework.aspxhttp://www.deewr.gov.au/Schooling/NationalSafeSchools/Pages/nationalsafeschoolsframework.aspxhttp://www.kidsmatter.edu.au/primary/http://www.kidsmatter.edu.au/primary/http://www.kidsmatter.edu.au/primary/http://www.mindmatters.edu.au/default.asphttp://www.mindmatters.edu.au/default.asphttp://www.mindmatters.edu.au/default.asphttp://www.responseability.org/site/index.cfmhttp://www.responseability.org/site/index.cfmhttp://www.mindmatters.edu.au/default.asphttp://www.kidsmatter.edu.au/primary/http://www.deewr.gov.au/Schooling/NationalSafeSchools/Pages/nationalsafeschoolsframework.aspxhttp://www.curriculum.edu.au/values/val_national_framework_for_values_education,8757.htmlhttp://www.casel.org/
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    Salovey, P. & Mayer, J. 1990, Emotional Intelligence, Imagination, Cognition, and Personality 9, Baywood Publishing Company, Inc., pp. 185211.

    Seligman, M. 1998, Learned Optimism: how to change your mind and your life, 2nd edn, PocketBooks, New York.

    Shogren, K. (2013). Self-determination and transition planning. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.

    Thorndike, E.L. 1920, Intelligence and its use, Harpers Magazine , no. 140, pp. 227235.

    Topping, K. Promoting social competence:http://www.dundee.ac.uk/eswce/research/projects/socialcompetence/ (accessed 8 March 2013)

    Vernon, P.E. 1933, Some characteristics of the good judge of personality, Journal of SocialPsychology, 4, pp. 4257

    Wechsler, D. 1940, Non-intellective Factors in General Intelligence, Psychological Bulletin , 37,pp. 444445

    Wehmeyer, M., Agran, M., Hughes, C., Palmer, S., Mithaug, D., & Martin, J. (2007). Promotingself-determination and student-directed learning for students with intellectual anddevelopmental disabilities. New York: Guilford.

    Wehmeyer, M., Shogren, K., Palmer, S., Williams-Diehm,K., Little, T., Boulton, A. (2012). Theimpact of the self-determined learning model of instruction on student self-determination. Council for Exceptional Children, Vol 78, No. 2, pages 135-153.

    Welsh Assembly Government (2008) Personal and social development, well-being and cultural

    http://www.dundee.ac.uk/eswce/research/projects/socialcompetence/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/eswce/research/projects/socialcompetence/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/eswce/research/projects/socialcompetence/
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    Organising elements

    The Personal and social capability learning continuum is organised into four interrelated

    elements of:

    Self-awareness

    Self-management

    Social awareness

    Social management

    The diagram below sets out these elements.

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    Self-management

    This element involves students in effectively regulating, managing and monitoring their own

    emotional responses, and persisting in completing tasks and overcoming obstacles. Studentsare engaged in developing organisational skills, and identifying the resources needed toachieve goals. This is achieved through developing the skills to work independently and toshow initiative, learning to be conscientious, delaying gratification and persevering in the face ofsetbacks and frustrations. It also involves the metacognitive skill of learning when and how touse particular strategies. In developing and acting with personal and social capability, students:

    express emotions appropriately

    develop self-discipline and set goals

    work independently and show initiative

    become confident, resilient and adaptable.

    Social awareness

    This element involves students recognising others feelings and knowing how and when toassist others. Students learn to show respect for and understand others perspectives,emotional states and needs. They learn to participate in positive, safe and respectfulrelationships, defining and accepting individual and group roles and responsibilities. Studentsgain an understanding of the role of advocacy in contemporary society and build their capacityto critique societal constructs and forms of discrimination, such as racism and sexism. In

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    10

    Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

    1a 1b

    Typically by the end ofFoundation Year,students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 2, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 4, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 6, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 8, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 10, students:

    English ACELA1429 English ACELA1462 English ACELA1488 English ACELT1617

    History ACHHK115

    English ACELT1626

    Science ACSIS140

    English ACELT1643

    Science ACSIS208

    History ACDSEH121

    Recognise personal qualities and achievements

    express a personalpreference

    identify their likes anddislikes, needs andwants, and explore

    what influences these

    identify and describepersonal interests,skills and

    achievements andexplain how thesecontribute to family andschool life

    describe personalstrengths andchallenges and identify

    skills they wish todevelop

    describe the influencethat personal qualitiesand strengths have on

    their learning outcomes

    make a realisticassessment of theirabilities and

    achievements, andprioritise areas forimprovement

    assess their strengthsand challenges anddevise personally

    appropriate strategiesto achieve futuresuccess

    Examples

    choosing to engagein an activity

    Examples

    describing activitiesthey enjoy atschool, noting theirstrengths

    Examples

    identifying apersonal quality orskill, such as beinggood at soccer orspelling, and

    describing how thismight be useful toothers

    Examples

    listing a range ofstrengths supportedby examples fromhome, school andcommunity

    experiences

    Examples

    keeping a journal orblog of how theirpersonal qualitieshave helpedachieve a positive

    learning outcome

    Examples

    considering whatinterventions theycould have made,and how these mayhave changed

    outcomes in studyand personalpursuits

    Examples

    designing apersonal capabilityinventory thatincludes evidenceto support their self-

    assessments

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    11

    Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

    1a 1b

    Typically by the end ofFoundation Year,students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 2, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 4, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 6, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 8, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 10, students:

    English ACELA1429

    Science ACSSU002

    History ACHHK001

    English ACELT1589

    Science ACSSU030

    History ACHHK045

    English ACELY1692

    Science ACSIS069

    English ACELA1515

    Science ACSHE220

    History ACHHS120

    English ACELA1541 English ACELT1814

    History ACDSEH147

    Understand themselves as learners

    select tasks they cando in different learningcontexts

    identify their abilities,talents and interests aslearners

    discuss their strengthsand weaknesses aslearners and identify

    some learningstrategies to assistthem

    identify and describefactors and strategiesthat assist their

    learning

    identify preferredlearning styles andwork habits

    identify and choose arange of learningstrategies appropriate

    to specific tasks anddescribe work practicesthat assist theirlearning

    evaluate theeffectiveness ofcommonly used

    learning strategies andwork practices andrefine these as required

    Examples

    communicating awillingness to havea go at a task

    Examples

    sharing a personalexperience, interestor discovery withpeers, anddescribing whatthey have learnt

    Examples

    describing howpractising a skillimprovesperformance

    Examples

    keeping a journal oftheir learning,describing bothpositive andnegativeexperiences

    Examples

    identifying theirpreference as avisual, auditory orkinaesthetic learner

    Examples

    choosing strategiesthat capitalise onand expand theirstrengths andpreferred learningstyles

    Examples

    developing personallearning plans thatidentify effectivestudy techniques

    English ACELT1575

    Science ACSSU002

    English ACELY1667

    Science ACSSU030

    English ACELY1689 English ACELY1714 English ACELY1736

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    12

    Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

    1a 1b

    Typically by the end ofFoundation Year,students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 2, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 4, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 6, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 8, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 10, students:

    Develop reflective practice

    recognise and identifyparticipation in orcompletion of a task

    reflect on their feelingsas learners and howtheir efforts affect skillsand achievements

    reflect on what theyhave learnt aboutthemselves from arange of experiences athome and school

    reflect on personalstrengths andachievements, basedon self-assessmentstrategies and teacherfeedback

    monitor their progress,seeking andresponding to feedbackfrom teachers to assistthem in consolidatingstrengths, addressingweaknesses andfulfilling their potential

    predict the outcomes ofpersonal and academicchallenges by drawingon previous problem-solving and decision-making strategies andfeedback from peersand teachers

    reflect on feedbackfrom peers, teachersand other adults, toanalyse personalcharacteristics and skillsets that contribute toor limit their personaland social capability

    Examples

    communicating Ihave finished or Iam working hard

    Examples

    responding to open-ended statementssuch as Im proudof this because or using visual aidsto illustrate theirresponses

    Examples responding to

    prompts which helpthem acknowledgetheir successes andidentify what theycould do to makeimprovements

    Examples

    with support,identifyingstrategies that helpthem completetasks when they areuncertain andreflecting on theircontributions togroup activities

    Examples

    building on theirstrengths in variousroles in small andlarge groups,setting personalchallenges todevelop new skillsand strategies

    Examples

    identifyingstrategies they haveused successfully tocomplete learningarea tasks theyhave found difficult

    Examples

    noticing howemotions such asanger andexcitement affectlearning and impacton achievementsand successes

    English ACELT1577

    History ACHHS017

    English ACELT1590 English ACELY1689

    Science ACSIS065

    English ACEL1710

    Science ACSIS108

    English ACELY1736 English ACELT1815

    Science ACSIS208

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    13

    Self-management

    Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

    1a 1b

    Typically by the end ofFoundation Year,

    students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 2, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 4, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 6, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 8, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 10, students:

    Express emotions appropriately

    recognise and identifyhow their emotionsinfluence the way theyfeel and act

    express their emotionsconstructively ininteractions with others

    describe ways toexpress emotions toshow awareness of thefeelings and needs ofothers

    identify and describestrategies to manageand moderate emotionsin increasinglyunfamiliar situations

    explain the influence ofemotions on behaviour,learning andrelationships

    forecast theconsequences ofexpressing emotionsinappropriately anddevise measures to

    regulate behaviour

    consider control and justify their emotionalresponses, inexpressing theiropinions, beliefs,

    values, questions andchoices

    Examples

    communicating thephysical changesthey experiencewhen excited, angryor stressed such aswhen they areexcited they feel

    happy; or whenthey are angry theirbody goes tense

    Examples

    communicatingwhen they feel leftout, lonely, excited,disappointed orunsafe during classand physicalactivities

    Examples

    using different toneand voice level inand outside theclassroom, andwhen interactingwith adults andpeers

    Examples

    learning when, howand with whom it isappropriate to shareanger, frustrationand excitement

    Examples

    noticing howemotions such asanger andexcitement affectlearning and impacton achievementsand successes

    Examples

    predictingsituations thatserve as emotionaltriggers andimplementingregulatingresponses

    Examples

    choosingappropriatelanguage and voiceto convey personalresponses andopinions to a rangeof adults and peers

    English ACELA1428 English ACELA1461 English ACELT1603 English ACELA1517 English ACELY1808 English ACELY1813

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    14

    Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

    1a 1b

    Typically by the end ofFoundation Year,

    students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 2, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 4, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 6, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 8, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 10, students:

    Science ACSIS071 Science ACSIS232

    History ACHHS120

    Science ACSHE135 Science ACSHE194

    History ACDSEH109

    Develop self-discipli ne and set goals

    make a choice toparticipate in a classactivity

    follow class routines toassist learning

    set goals in learningand personalorganisation bycompleting tasks withina given time

    explain the value ofself-discipline and goal-setting in helping themto learn

    analyse factors thatinfluence ability to self-regulate; devise andapply strategies tomonitor own behaviourand set realisticlearning goals

    select, use and analysestrategies that assist inregulating behaviourand achieving personaland learning goals

    critically analyse self-discipline strategiesand personal goals andconsider theirapplication in socialand work-relatedcontexts

    Examples

    choosing tocomplete a task forpositivereinforcement

    Examples

    using class routinessuch as turn-taking,sitting whenlistening to stories,followinginstructions,managingtransitions betweenactivities

    Examples

    organising theirtime usingcalendars andclocks

    Examples

    identifying howdistractions andpriorities influencelearning

    Examples

    identifying desiredgoals and makingplans to achievethese results

    Examples

    using spread sheetsand otherorganisers to planand arrangeactivities at schooland study outsideschool

    Examples

    drawing on goalsetting strategiesused at school toplan for work life

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    15

    Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

    1a 1b

    Typically by the end ofFoundation Year,

    students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 2, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 4, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 6, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 8, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 10, students:

    English ACELY1646

    Mathematics ACMMG008

    Science ACSIS233

    English ACELA1461

    Mathematics ACMMG041

    Science ACSIS039

    English ACELY1688

    Mathematics ACMMG086

    Science ACSIS065

    English ACELY1710

    Mathematics ACMMG139

    Science ACSHE100

    History ACHHS120

    English ACELY1731

    Science ACSHE148

    English ACELY1751

    Science ACSIS208

    Work independently and show initiative

    attempt tasks withsupport or prompting

    attempt tasksindependently andidentify when and fromwhom help can besought

    work independently onroutine tasks andexperiment withstrategies to completeother tasks whereappropriate

    consider, select andadopt a range ofstrategies for workingindependently andtaking initiative

    assess the value ofworking independently,and taking initiative todo so whereappropriate

    critique theireffectiveness inworking independentlyby identifying enablersand barriers toachieving goals

    establish personalpriorities, manageresources effectivelyand demonstrateinitiative to achievepersonal goals andlearning outcomes

    Examples

    completing aselected task

    Examples

    identifyingsituations wherehelp is needed andthe people who canhelp them, andwhen it isappropriate to 'give

    Examples

    describing theirdaily school routine,identifying areaswhere it isappropriate andhelpful for them to

    Examples

    recognising whenstrategiespreviously usedare not aseffective as newstrategies

    Examples

    identifyingsituations where itis preferable towork independentlyor with others

    Examples

    developingstrategies forovercomingobstaclesencountered inworking

    Examples

    identifying learninggoals andmonitoringeffectiveness oftheir strategies andinterventions to

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    16

    Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

    1a 1b

    Typically by the end ofFoundation Year,

    students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 2, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 4, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 6, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 8, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 10, students:

    tasks a go' show initiative independently achieve them

    English ACELY1647

    Science ACSIS233

    History ACHHS021

    English ACELY1667

    Science ACSIS039

    English ACELT1607

    Science ACSIS066

    English ACELY1816

    Science ACSIS104

    History ACHHS120

    English ACELY1731

    Science ACSHE135

    English ACELY1756

    Science ACSHE195

    Become confident, resilient and adaptable

    identify people andsituations with whichthey feel a sense offamiliarity or belonging

    identify situations thatfeel safe or unsafe,approaching newsituations withconfidence

    undertake and persistwith short tasks, withinthe limits of personalsafety

    persist with tasks whenfaced with challengesand adapt theirapproach where firstattempts are notsuccessful

    devise strategies andformulate plans toassist in the completionof challenging tasksand the maintenance ofpersonal safety

    assess, adapt andmodify personal andsafety strategies andplans, and revisit taskswith renewedconfidence

    evaluate, rethink andrefine approaches totasks to take account ofunexpected or difficultsituations and safetyconsiderations

    Examples

    identifying family,friends, familiar

    people in thecommunity

    Examples

    choosing strategiesto manage unsafe

    situations such asNo Go Tell

    Examples

    continuing topractise a physical

    activity despiteindividual limitations

    Examples

    persisting to informa trusted adult

    about an unsafeencounter, event orsituation

    Examples

    developing copingstrategies for

    managing set backs

    Examples

    recordingsuccessful

    strategies, anddrawing on these inunfamiliar andcomplex situations

    Examples

    reconceptualising achallenging learning

    task

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    17

    Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

    1a 1b

    Typically by the end ofFoundation Year,

    students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 2, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 4, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 6, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 8, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 10, students:

    English ACELY1651 English ACELY1667

    Science ACSIS039

    English ACELT1603

    Science ACSIS065

    English ACELY1710

    Science ACSHE100

    History ACHHS120

    English ACELY1808

    Mathematics ACMNA187

    Science ACSIS148

    English ACELY1757

    Science ACSHE230

    Social awareness

    Level 1a Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

    1a 1b

    Typically by the end ofFoundation Year,students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 2, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 4, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 6, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 8, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 10, students:

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    18

    Level 1a Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

    1a 1b

    Typically by the end ofFoundation Year,students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 2, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 4, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 6, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 8, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 10, students:

    App rec iate d iver se per sp ecti ves

    show an awarenessfor the feelings,needs and interestsof others

    acknowledge thatpeople hold manypoints of view

    describe similaritiesand differences inpoints of view betweenthemselves and peoplein their communities

    discuss the value ofdiverse perspectivesand describe a point ofview that is differentfrom their own

    explain how means ofcommunication differwithin and betweencommunities andidentify the role theseplay in helping orhindering

    understanding of others

    acknowledge thevalues, opinions andattitudes of differentgroups within societyand compare to theirown points of view

    articulate their personalvalue system andanalyse the effects ofactions that represssocial power and limitthe expression ofdiverse views

    Examples

    showing interest ina peers ideas oropinions

    Examples

    identifying therange of likes anddislikes within theirclass

    Examples

    comparing changesin attitudes aboutbehaviours indifferent places orover time

    Examples

    exchanging viewswith a classmate ona topical issue andreporting theirperspective to theclass

    Examples

    describing waysthat language orgestures are usedin a range of socialsettings

    Examples

    identifying andexplaining differentperspectives onsocial issues arisingin areas such asindustry, agricultureand resourcemanagement

    Examples

    recognising howlanguage can beused to positionlisteners inparticular ways,analysing differentaccounts of thesame event

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    19

    Level 1a Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

    1a 1b

    Typically by the end ofFoundation Year,students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 2, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 4, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 6, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 8, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 10, students:

    English ACELT1575

    Science ACSSU004

    History ACHHS020

    English ACELA1460

    Science ACSHE035

    History ACHHK046

    English ACELT1602

    History ACHHS085

    English ACELY1709

    Mathematics ACMSP148

    Science ACSHE099

    History ACHHS123

    English ACELT1626

    Science ACSHE136

    History ACDSEH009

    English ACELY1813

    Science ACSHE230

    History ACDSEH108

    Contribute to civil society

    (The description abovealso applies to this sub-element)

    describe ways they canhelp at home andschool

    describe how theycontribute to theirhomes, classroomsand local communities,and how others carefor and assist them

    identify the variouscommunities to whichthey belong and whatthey can do to make adifference

    identify a communityneed or problem andconsider ways to takeaction to address it

    analyse personal andsocial roles andresponsibilities inplanning andimplementing ways ofcontributing to theircommunities

    plan, implement andevaluate ways ofcontributing to civilsociety at local,national regional andglobal levels

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    Level 1a Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

    1a 1b

    Typically by the end ofFoundation Year,students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 2, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 4, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 6, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 8, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 10, students:

    Examples

    describing their rolein completing classactivities and familychores

    Examples

    describingcontributions madeby significantindividuals to theircommunities

    Examples

    identifying waysthey can advocatefor specific groupsin their communities

    Examples

    considering currentmethods of wastemanagement intheir localenvironment andways they mightcontribute toimproving these

    Examples

    investigatingstrategies tomaintain part of thelocal environmentand ways tocontribute to itsimprovement

    Examples

    identifying andtrialling strategies toaddress a globalsocial issue such aschild labour

    Science ACSHE035

    History ACHHK046

    Science ACSHE062 Mathematics ACMMG139

    Science ACSHE099

    Science ACSHE135 Science ACSHE195

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    Level 1a Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

    1a 1b

    Typically by the end ofFoundation Year,students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 2, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 4, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 6, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 8, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 10, students:

    Understand relationships

    (The description abovealso applies to this sub-element)

    explore relationshipsthrough play and groupexperiences

    identify ways to care forothers, including waysof making and keepingfriends

    describe factors thatcontribute to positiverelationships, includingwith people at schooland in their community

    identify the differencesbetween positive andnegative relationshipsand ways of managingthese

    identify indicators ofpossible problems inrelationships in a rangeof social and workrelated situations

    explain howrelationships differbetween peers,parents, teachers andother adults, andidentify the skillsneeded to manage

    different types ofrelationships

    Examples

    discussingdifferent ways ofworking together

    Examples

    discussing howwords and actionscan help or hurtothers, and theeffects ofmodifying theirbehaviour

    Examples

    identifying theimportance ofincluding others inactivities, groupsand games

    Examples

    identifyingbehaviours thatdisplay thepositive use ofpower inrelationships

    Examples

    recognisingpersonalboundaries,appropriatedegrees ofintimacy,distribution of

    power, effects ofsocial and culturalnorms and mores

    Examples

    identifying thevariouscommunities towhich they belongand how languagereinforcesmembership of

    these communities

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    Level 1a Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

    1a 1b

    Typically by the end ofFoundation Year,students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 2, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 4, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 6, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 8, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 10, students:

    English ACELA1428 English ACELT1589

    Science ACSIS042

    English ACELA1488 English ACELA1516

    History ACHHK115

    English ACELA1541

    History ACDSEH010

    English ACELA1564

    History ACDSEH123

    Social management

    Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

    1a 1b

    Typically by the end ofFoundation Year,students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 2, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 4, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 6, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 8, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 10, students:

    Communicate effectively

    respond to the feelings,needs and interests ofothers

    identify positive ways toinitiate, join andinterrupt conversationswith adults and peers

    discuss the use ofverbal and nonverbalcommunication skills torespond appropriately

    to adults and peers

    identify communicationskills that enhancerelationships forparticular groups and

    purposes

    identify and explainfactors that influenceeffectivecommunication in a

    variety of situations

    analyse enablers ofand barriers to effectiveverbal, nonverbal anddigital communication

    formulate plans foreffectivecommunication (verbal,nonverbal, digital) to

    complete complextasks

    Examples

    giving appropriate

    Examples

    practising

    Examples

    using spoken

    Examples

    actively listening

    Examples

    making and

    Examples

    analysing popular

    Examples

    using agreed

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    Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

    1a 1b

    Typically by the end ofFoundation Year,students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 2, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 4, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 6, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 8, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 10, students:

    response to apeersachievements suchas by clapping,smiling or cheering

    encouraging others,listening to othersideas, greetingothers by name,excusingthemselves wheninterrupting

    language and bodylanguage to shareobservations andideas

    and responding toopinions that differfrom their own

    responding tointroductions,building on theideas of others indiscussions,offering andacceptingconstructivecriticism

    modes ofcommunicationused by youngpeople, notingfactors that promoteor obstructcommunication

    protocols to joingroup discussionsand assert theirown viewpoint,entertainingdivergent views,developingguidelines for theeffective use ofsocial media

    English ACELA1429

    Mathematics ACMSP011

    Science ACSIS014

    History ACHHK003

    English ACELY1668

    Science ACSIS037

    History ACHHK045

    English ACELA1489

    Science ACSIS071

    English ACELY1816

    Science ACSIS232

    History ACHHS120

    English ACELT1627

    Science ACSIS139

    English ACELA1572

    Science ACSIS208

    History ACHHS189

    Work collaboratively

    (The description abovealso applies to this sub-element)

    share experiences ofcooperation in play andgroup activities

    identify cooperativebehaviours in a rangeof group activities

    describe characteristicsof cooperativebehaviour and identifyevidence of these ingroup activities

    contribute to groupsand teams, suggestingimprovements inmethods used forgroup investigations

    assess the extent towhich individual rolesand responsibilitiesenhance groupcohesion and theachievement of

    critique their ability todevise and enactstrategies for workingin diverse teams,drawing on the skillsand contributions of

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    Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

    1a 1b

    Typically by the end ofFoundation Year,students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 2, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 4, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 6, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 8, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 10, students:

    and projects personal and groupobjectives

    team members tocomplete complextasks

    Examples

    taking turns,sharing resourcesand following classroutines

    Examples

    participating inguided groupinvestigations

    Examples

    including others inthe group andrespecting theiropinions, working

    for a common goal

    Examples

    encouraging others,negotiating rolesand relationshipsand managing time

    and tasks

    Examples

    assessing how wellthey support othermembers of theteam in group

    investigations andprojects

    Examples

    considering theideas of others inreaching anindependent or

    shared decision

    English ACELY1646

    Science ACSHE013

    English ACELY1789

    Science ACSIS041

    English ACELY1688

    Science ACSIS065

    English ACELY1816 English ACELY1808

    Science ACSIS140

    English ACELY1813

    Science ACSIS208

    Make decisions

    (The description abovealso applies to this sub-element)

    identify options whenmaking decisions tomeet their needs andthe needs of others

    practise individual andgroup decision makingin situations such asclass meetings andwhen working in pairsand small groups

    contribute to andpredict theconsequences of groupdecisions in a range ofsituations

    identify factors thatinfluence decisionmaking and considerthe usefulness of thesein making their owndecisions

    assess individual andgroup decision-makingprocesses inchallenging situations

    develop and applycriteria to evaluate theoutcomes of individualand group decisionsand analyse theconsequences of theirdecision making

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    Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

    1a 1b

    Typically by the end ofFoundation Year,

    students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 2, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 4, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 6, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 8, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 10, students:

    Examples

    making choicesabout resources forplay and learningtasks

    Examples

    naming roles andresponsibilities inclass meetings andidentifying fairmethods forchoosing people forthese roles

    Examples

    deciding how toshare resources fora learning task andforecasting theoutcomes of options

    Examples

    identifying thepeople, events andsituations thatinfluence howdecisions are made

    Examples

    using scientific,ethical, economicand socialarguments to makedecisions regardingpersonal andcommunity issues

    Examples

    explaining how achange in a socialpolicy could affectindividuals andgroups

    English ACELT1794

    Science ACSIS064

    English ACELY1709

    Mathematics ACMNA132

    Science ACSHE220

    History ACHHK116

    Mathematics ACMNA187

    Science ACSHE136

    Mathematics ACMNA229

    Science ACSIS206

    History ACDSEH123

    Negotiate and resolve c onflict

    (The description abovealso applies to this sub-element)

    listen to others ideas,and recognise thatothers may see thingsdifferently from them

    practise solving simpleinterpersonal problems,recognising there aremany ways to solveconflict

    identify a range ofconflict resolutionstrategies to negotiatepositive outcomes toproblems

    identify causes andeffects of conflict, andpractise differentstrategies to diffuse orresolve conflictsituations

    assess theappropriateness ofvarious conflictresolution strategies ina range of social andwork-related situations

    generate, apply andevaluate strategiessuch as activelistening, mediation andnegotiation to preventand resolveinterpersonal problems

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    Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

    1a 1b

    Typically by the end ofFoundation Year,

    students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 2, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 4, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 6, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 8, students:

    Typically by the end ofYear 10, students:

    and school own actions this role common need team-buildingstrategies, and makingthe most of availableresources to achievegoals

    national, regional andglobal levels, andcommunicate thesewidely

    Examples

    identifying ways tohelp at school, such

    as closing windows,tidying workspace,distributingresources

    Examples

    discussing ways inwhich they

    participate in gamesin the playground

    Examples

    choosing a range ofroles in group

    activities

    Examples

    volunteering to leada peer coaching

    activity

    Examples

    initiating andplanning school and

    community projectssuch as charitywork, environmentalprojects andcoaching

    Examples

    developing acommunication

    strategy for anidentified project

    English ACELY1789 English ACELY1689 English ACELY1714