Current Trends in UPS Technology · Current Trends in UPS Technology 4 0.5 to 1 min 0.3% Under 10...
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Current Trends in UPS Technology • Fly Wheels 1 June 5, 2012
Transcript of Current Trends in UPS Technology · Current Trends in UPS Technology 4 0.5 to 1 min 0.3% Under 10...
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Fly Wheels
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Fly Wheels
– PowerThru (Phillips Service Industries, Inc.), formerly known as Pentadyne
– Active Power– Vycon Energy– Caterpillar Electric Power
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http://www.activepower.comhttp://www.vyconenergy.com
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Fly Wheels
– Low Speed – More mass means more energy– Double mass = double energy– “Low-speed” 1800 to 8000RPM
– High Speed– More energy by higher rpm– Double rpm = quadruple energy– “High-speed” 36000 to 55000RPM
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http://www.activepower.com
http://www.vyconenergy.com
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Current Trends in UPS Technology
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0.5 to 1 min0.3%
Under 10 Sec96.3%
2 min to 8 hours2.1%
1 to 2 min0.9%
10 to 30s0.5%
EPRI Distribution Power Quality Study 1993 - 1995
• Fly Wheel Applications– Power Protection – Battery Hardening– Ride through to Generator
Two Year Study, 300 Sites, 24 Utilities• 97.2% under 30 sec.• 96.3% under 10 sec.• 93.0% Under 2 sec
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Flywheel UPS Parallel Online Architecture
Static Bypass
» Most energy efficient UPS – up to 98% efficient
» Power dense – twice the power in half the space
» Highly reliable source» Environmentally friendly
Harmonic Current
http://www.activepower.com
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Fly Wheels - Run Times
6http://www.vyconenergy.com
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UPS and Flywheel ConfigurationsGen
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Current Trends in UPS Technology
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UPS Flywheel and Battery(Battery Hardening)
Gen
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Gen
Gen
Multi Module / Parallel Configurations
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Other Trends
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Other Trends
– Compressed Air • ActivePower has dropped the concept• Utility Scale Storage is still being pursued
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http://www.activepower.com http://www.smartgrid.gov/sites/default/files/pge-oe0000198-oct-2011.pdf
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Other Trends
– Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)–
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http://www.sandia.gov/ess/docs/ARRA_StorDemos_4-22-11.pdf
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
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• Real Time Power Monitoring enhance maintenance of power quality and system availability– battery monitoring systems– advanced private meters more
accurately measure• real power consumption• building’s power supply• power conditioners • load banks
UPS Evaluation Report Released, Aug 10, 2009, EC&M Magazine
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
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• high-tech SCADA systems– control the power flow to a building based
on events in the public utility grid– automatically change the amount of power
consumption in a building capable of onsite generation of its own
– smart grid solutions communicate with utility so the facility can react to certain outages
– facility sensors ping the utility that they are active and stable, and if there are problems
– can dispatch utility crews for repairsUPS Evaluation Report Released, Aug 10, 2009, EC&M Magazine
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers• High Performance Computing (HPC)
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• High Performance Computing (HPC)– Loads
• 32kW per rack liquid cooled– 2,000 W per equipment SF
• 8 kW per rack air cooled– 500 W per equipment SF
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
• High Performance Computing (HPC)
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
• High Performance Computing (HPC)
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
• High Performance Computing (HPC)
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
• High Performance Computing (HPC)
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
• High Performance Computing (HPC)
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
• 80 Plus Computer Power Supplies
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
• 80 Plus• The 80 PLUS performance
specification requires power supplies in computers and servers to be 80% or greater energy efficient. This makes an 80 PLUS certified power supply more than 33% more efficient than current power supplies.
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
www.80PLUS.org
• 80 Plus Computer Power Supplies
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
www.80PLUS.org
• 80 Plus Computer Power Supplies
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
www.80PLUS.org
• 80 Plus Computer Power Supplies
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
www.80PLUS.org
• 80 Plus Computer Power Supplies
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
ASHRAE, Datacom Equipment Power Trends and Cooling Applications, Chapter 3, Fig 3.10 New ASHRAE updated and expanded power trend chart, © 2005 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., www.ashrae.org.
+
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers• Putting these efficiencies together:
– Using the higher efficiencies of the different conversion steps from facility entry AC to the processor:
• Step Down Transformer (99.5%)• AC UPS (95%) [12-pulse]• Computer Power Supply (90%) [80Plus Gold]• Point of load converter (98%)
– Step Down Transformer (99.5%) x AC UPS (95%) x Computer Power Supply (90%) x Point of Load Converter (98%) = 83%
– Versus 58%, this is a 43% improvement in efficiency
http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/UPS/Final_UPS_Report.pdf
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• 80 Plus Computer Power Supplies
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
• Fuel Cells
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
• Fuel Cells
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
400 kW471 kVA480 V, 60 Hz, 3-wire
Electrical Efficiency: >40% initial >38% 10-year average
• Fuel Cells– The PureCell® system Model 400 is a stationary
phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) powerplantintended for distributed generation (DG) and combined heat and power (CHP) applications
– Power Factor Range (at nominal line voltage)• 0.85 lag/lead to 1.0 (adjustable)• 0.85 leading to ±5% line• 0.9% lag at +5% line.
– Heat Recovery Characteristics• low-grade (LG) heating delivered at up to 190ºF • high-grade (HG) heating delivered at up to
250ºF
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
• Fuel Cells
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
• Fuel Cells– Unlike a battery which has a finite capacity (before requiring
recharge), a fuel cell can operate as long as it is supplied with fuel…runtime is only limited to the number of hydrogen tanks that can be physically (and economically) stored on site. Since a fuel cell takes some time to start before it can take on the critical load, a power-bridging technology is…required (such as a battery, flywheel, or ultracapacitor) as part of the entire solution.
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Other Current Trends in Data Centers
Comparing Data Center Batteries, Flywheels, and Ultracapacitors; http://www.apcmedia.com
Advantages:• Clean – no hazardous
materials• Silent and vibration free• Lightweight and compact• Few moving parts
Disadvantages:• Does not eliminate need for
bridging technology• Complex site preparation to
accommodate• High cost of processing,
transporting,• storing hydrogen (or other) fuel
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Questions
References:1. Forbs.com, Commentary, Data Centers Aren't All The Same, Kenneth G.
Brill, 02.11.09, http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/10/data-center-computing-technology-cio-network_0211_data_center.html
2. www.eaton.com/pq/whitepapers, Maximizing UPS Availability, Chris Loeffler,WP11-01 www.eaton.com/powerquality January 2011
3. IEEE 493-2007, Recommended Practice for the Design of Reliable Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (Gold Book), ©2007 IEEE
4. http://www.distributedenergy.com/DE/Articles/Quality_and_Reliability_17127.aspx, Quality and Reliability Power failures can ruin reputations and bottom lines, Dan Rafter, Distributed Energy Magazine, Tuesday, May 01, 2012,
5. The Uptime Institute, http://uptimeinstitute.com/6. EPRI Distribution Power Quality Report RP 3098-1, April 19957. The Power of Green: Mitsubishi 9900A Series High Efficiency True On-Line
Double Conversion Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS), Mitsubishi Electric Power Products Inc., Dean Richards BEng (Hons) CEng MIET, Junichiro Onishi BEc (Hons) Document: DRJO-TP1rev1, December 17, 2008
8. What Will the Data Center of the Future Look Like?, Paul Rubens, © 2011, Internet.com, a division of QuinStreet, Inc.
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References:9. 15 Seconds Flywheel Reserve or 15 Minutes Battery Reserve? The
reliability difference, D. DeCoster, Mission Critical West Inc., www.mcwestinc.com
10. UPS Evaluation Report Released, Aug 10, 2009, EC&M Magazine, 11. Roadmap for Public Interest Research for High-Performance Data Centers
William Tschudi, Tengfang Xu, Dale Sartor, and Jay Stein – E Source Building Technologies Department Environmental Energy Technologies Division Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley, California 94720-8134 USA, LBNL-53483
12. High Performance Buildings: Data Centers Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS), December, 2005 My Ton, Ecos Consulting, Portland, Oregon; Brian Fortenbury, EPRI Solutions Knoxville, TN; December, 2005, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's (LBNL); http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/UPS/Final_UPS_Report.pdf
13. Blade Server Power Solutions: Cabinet Level Power Distribution Solutions for High Density Cabinets, High Density Cabinet Power Solutions, February 22, 2006, White Paper STI-100-001, ©2006Server Technology Inc., all right reserved, www.servertech.com
14. Steve Fairfax of MTechnology, Inc., 7X24 Conference Nov 2010
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References:15. Flywheels Gain as Alternative to Batteries, Rich Miller, June 26th, 2007
http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2007/06/26/flywheels-gain-as-alternative-to-batteries
16. Comparing Data Center Batteries, Flywheels, and Ultracapacitors, Stephen McCluer and Jean-Francois Christin, Schneider Electric, 2011 http://www.apcmedia.com/salestools/DBOY-77FNCT_R2_EN.pdf,
17. A Quantitative Comparison of High Efficiency AC vs. DC Power Distribution for Data Centers, Neil Rasmussen and James Spitaels, Schneider Electric, 2012
18. Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Advanced Underground Compressed Air Energy Storage, Kimberly Nuhfer, Kevin F Swartz, October 2011; http://www.smartgrid.gov/sites/default/files/pge-oe0000198-oct-2011.pdf
19. ARRA Energy Storage Demonstrations, Sandia National Laboratories, retrieved April 13, 2012; http://www.sandia.gov/ess/docs/ARRA_StorDemos_4-22-11.pdf
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