Current status on biorefineries in Denmark

Henning JørgensenDanish Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning

University of Copenhagen

Energy from biomass in Denmark

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

1995 2000 2004

Year

Ener

gy

pro

duct

ion [

TJ]

Wood waste

Wood pellets

Round wood

Wood chips

straw

Energy from domestically produced and imported biomass

At present biomass covers 7-8 % of total energy consumption in DenmarkBiomass used for heat and power production

74 % imported10 % imported

Use of biomass for heat and power

96 % of wood chips, 75 % of straw and 50 % of wood pellets used for heat and power production in large facilities

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Straw Wood Chips Wood Pellets

Other

District heating

Decentralized CHP

Centralized CHP

Biomass for CHP

E2 – Dong Energy

• Worlds largest straw fired boiler – 25 tonnes per hour• Yearly consumption

•300,000 tonnes wood pellets•150,000 tonnes straw

• Pellets produced on own pellets factory

Avedøre 2 CHP plant Copenhagen

Production:570 MW electricity570 MW district heating

Danish Biomass Action Plan

• Political decision has forced Danish power plants to use biomass for production of power and heat (Danish Biomass Action Plan 1993)

• The goal was by 2000

• 1.0 mio. tonnes of straw

• 0.2 mio. tonnes of wood chips

• Present use

• 1.4 mio. tonnes of straw (potentially 2.0 mio tonnes)

• 2.3 mio. tonnes of wood (incl. privat house holds)

New Danish energy plan 2025

• Renewable energy to cover 30 % of energy in 2025 = 2-fold of present

• Renewable biofuels for the transportation sector 10 % in 2020

• Full scale demonstration plant for 2nd generation biofuel ready in 2010

• Energy development and demonstration program 2007-2010

• 100 € in total

• 25 mio. € dedicated for 2nd generation biofuel

• No large chemical industry in Denmark and at present no initiatives for promoting production of chemicals and materials from renewables

Research institutions• KU (University of Copenhagen, incl. Royal Veterinary and

Agricultural University)

• Biomass production, harvesting and logistics, plant biotechnology, conversion technologies, enzymatic hydrolysis, LCA

• DTU (Technical University of Denmark)

• Conversion technologies, enzymes, hydrolysis, fermentation processes and microorganisms, biogas production, LCA

• Risø National Laboratory (now part of DTU)

• Conversion technologies, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, LCA

• SDU (University of Southern Denmark)

• Biogas production

• AU (University of Aarhus, incl. Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences)

• Biomass production and plant biotechnology

Major industries related to the area• DONG Energy (IBUS process)/Enbicon

• Power and energy production, oil and gas production, development of technologies for 2nd generation biofuels, pilot plant for 2nd generation biofuels, planning full scale (demonstration) plant

• Novozymes

• Enzymes

• Genencor/Danisco

• Enzymes, sugar from beet, food ingredients

• Biogasol (Maxifuel process)

• Development of technologies for 2nd generation biofuel, biogas, hydrogen, anaerobic thermophilic bacteria, pilot plant for Maxifuel process, planning demonstration plant

Industries related to the area

• Haldor Topsoe/Haldor Topsoe Fuel Cells

• Catalysts, gasoline from syngas (TIGAS) , fuel cells

• Statoil

• Oil producer and oil refining in Denmark, only distributor of ethanol containing gasoline in Denmark

• Emmelev Mølle

• Biodiesel, glycerol and feed production from rape seed

• Agroferm

• Production of lysine by fermentation of green juices

• Exergi

• Construction of biogas systems

• Solum Group

• Biogas systems, compost systems, soil treatment

Overview of players and interaction

AU DTU/RisøSDU KU DTU KU Risø

KU AU

Biogas

Plant productionAnimal production

Bioethanol/biodiesel Heat and power

Fibers

Fats

Lignin/fibers

Primary production

Biogasol BioscanSolum XergiNIRAS

Novozymes Statoil Danisco/GenencorHaldor Topsoe BiogasolDONG Energy Emmelev

DONG EnergyHaldor Topsoe

Projects/Fundings

• National fundings smaller projects (<1 mio €) 2005-2010

• 6 projects covering biomass for bioenergy, conversion technologies and waste to energy

• Total 3 mio €

• National fundings larger projects 2006-2011

• High Technology Platform project – 2nd generation biofuels– DTU, KU, Risø, DONG Energy, Novozymes, Biogasol, Haldor Topsoe Fuel Cells, Statoil – 2.9 mio. €

• Biorefinery project – DTU, SDU, AU, Novozymes – 1.6 mio. €

• Renescience – waste to fuel and energy – DONG Energy, KU, DTU, Novozymes, Haldor Topsoe, AmagerForbrændingen – 4 mio. €

Pilot plant facilities/concepts

Integration of energy systems Integration of energy systems -- IBUSIBUS

EU FP5 funded project from 2002 to 2006.Participants Elsam (DK), Sicco (DK), Risø (DK), TMO Renewables (UK) & KVL (DK)

Seperation

Forflydning

C5 Melasse

Destillation

Ethanol

Gær

Fibre

Enzymer

El og varme

Kraftvarmeværk

Damp

Forbe-handling

Halm

Biobrændsel

Fermentering

SSFFlydende fibre

Vand

Pilot plant facilities/concepts

Integration of energy systems Integration of energy systems -- IBUSIBUS

Pilot plant facilities/concepts

Integration of energy systems Integration of energy systems -- IBUSIBUS

The IBUS pilot plant in autumn 2005

Pilot plant has now been rebuild at power plant next to the head quarter of DONG Energy.

Pilot plant facilities/concepts

MaxifuelMaxifuel –– ethanol, hydrogen, methaneethanol, hydrogen, methane

From Biogasol – www.biogasol.dk

Pilot plant facilities/concepts

MaxifuelMaxifuel –– ethanol, hydrogen, methaneethanol, hydrogen, methane

Pictures from Biogasol – www.biogasol.dk