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CURRENT STATUS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN … · current status of renewable energy in indonesia and...
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1SDJ / BPPT – ASTS /2007
Jakarta, March 8 – 9, 2007
Prof. Said D. Jenie Sc.D.Chairman of BPPT
The Asian Science and Technology Seminar
CURRENT STATUS OF RENEWABLE CURRENT STATUS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDONESIA AND ITS ENERGY IN INDONESIA AND ITS
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AT BPPTTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AT BPPT
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OUTLINE
I. PRESENT CONDITIONSII. NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY III. BPPT ENERGY PROGRAMS
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Status energy mixed in 2005 , before the Presedential Decree
SHARE OF FUEL IS HIGH (67%) IN NATIONAL FINAL ENERGY MIX
Source: Blue Print of National Energy Planning (PEN) 2005
1.1 Fuel Dominates Energy Mix
Coal11%
Fuel (Oil)67%
Electricity12%
Biofuel0%
City Gas8%
LPG2%
I. PRESENT CONDITIONS
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1.2 Chronology of Energy Consumption 1995 - 2005
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005
Mill
ion
BO
E
Coal Fuel Natural Gas Electricity LPG
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PRODUCTION1125
EXPORTS
514
DOMESTIC SUPPLY
611
IMPORTS
487
Oil in 2004 ( 1000 barrels/day )
EXPORTS
4.88
DOMESTIC SUPPLY3.47
Natural Gas in 2004 ( BSCF/ day)
PRODUCTION
131.72
EXPORTS92.50
DOMESTIC SUPPLY32.91
Coal in 2004 ( mil tons / year )
PRODUCTION8.35
Source: Blue Print of National Energy Planning (PEN) 2005
1.3 Export – Import Balance for Oil , Gas & Coal
These diagrams clearly show that if we can increase the utilization of gas and coal , then we can reduce the supply
need for the oil
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II. NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY
2.1 Energy Targets 2025 based on Presidential Decree 5, 2006
Nuclear BiomassHydroSolarwindCoal Liquifaction
Gas30%
Coal33%
Oil20%
Biofuel 5%
Geothermal 5%
others7%
Biofuel will become at least 5%
of the total National Energy MIX 2025Bio-fuel 5 %
Biomass, Nuclear, Hydro, Solar, Wind 5 %
Coal Liquefaction 2 %
Geothermal 5 %
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2.2 Roadmap to Achieve Energy Targets
Electric Power Plant
Fuel Fu
el Fuel
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Geothermal
Biofuel
Coal
NaturalGas
Oil
Oil
NaturalGas
Coal
Geothermal
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III. BPPT RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS
1. Bio-Fuel
Bio- Diesel
Bio – Ethanol
Bio - Oil
1. Bio mass
2. Geothermal
3. Solar Energy
4. Fuel Cell
5. Wind Energy
6. Coastal Wave Energy
7. Sea Current Energy
8. Micro-hydro Energy
Various types of renewable energy systems Research , Development .Engineering and Operation has been developed in several laboratories at BPPT since 1980These Energy systems are given as follows
2. Coal Liquefaction
Indirect
Direct
Fuel to generate Energy Energy for Electricity
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III. BPPT RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS
3.1 Technology State of The ArtFor each of energy systems being developed and engineered at BPPT we apply the following technological state of the art
● Easy producable using as much a local content aspossible
● Easy operable in rural areas by local technician● Operationally efficient , if necessary by applying simple
electronic control systems
● Reasonably low cost and provide added values to the local operator
The above strategy are chosen in order that the energy system could be learnt fast by the people in remote rural areas and subsequently apply by them
Some example of energy systems developed at BPPT are given in the following
● Environmentally friendly and for some systems also applyingadvanced materials
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In accordance with type of plant it is made of and the way it is processed , there are three types of biofuel namely ,
1. Bio Ethanol2. Bio Diesel3. Bio Oil/Pure Plant Oil
3.2.1 Definitions & Types
3.2 Biofuel
Biofuel by definition is fuel from vegetable oils or animal fats.
The chemical and physical properties of biofuelclosely resemble to those of fossil fuel.
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5-20%
Crude bio-oil
Pure Plant Oil
Biodiesel
Solar/ diesel oilBioSolar
Diesel Engine: car, Genset
Coconut
palm Jathropa
PURE PLANT OIL(PPO ) and BIODIESEL
3.2.2 Raw materials for Biofuel
BIOETHANOL
Methanol+
Cassava mollases
Hydrolysis + Fermentation
Bioethanol ( 9% )
Dihedration
Bioethanol ( FG )
Gasolin Engine
PremiumBioPremium
5-20%
Lignoselulosa
diesel oil
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3.2.3 Development of Bioethanol plant at BPPT
Development and engineering of prototype plant for bioethanol at BPPT is carried out in Balai Besar Teknologi Pati ( Center for Cassava Technology ) in ,Sulusuban , Lampung
This center has carried out research , development & engineering for application of bioethanol as afuel since almost a quarter of century ago
Bioethanol Plant with Cassava as raw material
Hydrolysis unit
Fermentation unit
Distilationunit
Dehydration unit
Mashing unit
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Lab Scale biodieselproduction (400 L)
Engineering design and fabrication of Biodiesel pilot plant , capacity 1.5 ton /day(Modularised, skid mounted and movable)
EPC Pilot Plant Biodieselcapacity 8 ton/ day
EPC Pilot Plant BiodieselCap. 3 ton/day , for field trial in Desa Mandiri
Basic Design and Engineering Biodiesel Plant Cap. 100 ton/ day
3.2.4 Development of BioDiesel Plant at BPPT
Development of prototype plant for Biodiesel are carried out step by strep at BPPT
Coops BPPT – PemdaRiau , targeted operation Dec 2006
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3.2.5 Application of Biodiesel for Transportation System
Product spesificTest
socialization Laboratory TestRoad Test
Process production & Automation
Product Compliance to SNI
Various raw materials :Various raw materials :
CPO standard (FFA < 5 %)CPO standard (FFA < 5 %)CPO off grade (FFA 5CPO off grade (FFA 5--20 %)20 %)Waste CPO (FFA 20Waste CPO (FFA 20--70 %)70 %)PFAD, CFAD (FFA > 70 %)PFAD, CFAD (FFA > 70 %)RBDPORBDPORBDPSRBDPSUsed Cooking OilUsed Cooking OilJatrophaJatropha OilOil
Laboratory and field testing on automotive systems at BPPT
Road test for B-30 with range distance of 2000 km and 20.000 km
Operational Test & Evaluation carried out using B-10 for 23 BPPT operational bus , since 2004
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3.2.6 Application of Pure Plant Oil for Diesel Engines and Stoves
Application on Automotive Systems
Converter systems to adjst the viscousiry of the fuel
Metering units to probe the efficentcyApplication to house hold divice
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3.3 Coal Liquefaction
● Laboratory for Coal liquefaction
● Plant Prototype for Coal gasification using Catalytic Circulating Fluidized Bed Coal Gasification method
Research laboratory for coal liquefaction has been established for developing various methods of lequefactions
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3.4 BPPT Fuel Cell R&D
Local Content 80%Local Content 80%
Application of PEFC for Electric. Gen.
Optimization ofPEFC 500WOptimization ofDMFC 100 W
Optimization ofPEFC 200WPrototype DMFC 5WHigh temp. membrane
Prototype PEFC (10 – 20 W)Prototype DMFC 1 cell (0.5W)Low cost Membrane
Prototype PEFC 1 cell (80% local) (Graphite, SUS/Au)Catalyst Pt & non-Pt
Manufacture of MEA (70% local)Prototype of Local Graphite Bipolar plate
Membrane Nafion(PEFC)Modified Membrane Nafion(DMFC)
20102010200920092008200820072007200620062005200520042004
5~16 cm2
Lapi
san
bertu
mpu
k
O2
H2
Lapisan FC
Katoda
Anoda
Elektrolit
Separator
Separator
Lapi
san
bertu
mpu
k
O2
H2
Lapisan FC
Katoda
Anoda
Elektrolit
Separator
Separator
M E A
P o lim er e lek tro lit pada t
K a toda A noda
G aske t
M e tano l (aq )rese rvo ir
O 2/ud ara
C urren t co lec to rS U S /A u
C aseS U S /acrylic
5~ 10 cm
5~ 10 cm
2~ 3 cm
M E A
P o lim er e lek tro lit pada t
K a toda A noda
G aske t
M e tano l (aq )rese rvo ir
O 2/ud ara
C urren t co lec to rS U S /A u
C aseS U S /acrylic
5~ 10 cm
5~ 10 cm
2~ 3 cm
5~16 cm25~16 cm2CH4
PEFC
H2
DMFC
DMFC
Poly
mer
Ele
ctro
lyte
Fu
el C
ell (
PEFC
)D
irect
Met
hano
l Fue
l C
ell (
DM
FC)
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3.4.1 Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) Prototyping
50 cm2 36 cm2 5 cm2
Stack PEFC with bipolar plate graphite
50 cm2 36 cm2 5 cm2
Stack PEFC with bipolar plate graphite
NoNo Temp Temp ( C)( C)
Current Current (A)(A)
Voltage (V)Voltage (V) ApplicationApplication
1.1. 3030 0.160.16 0.6350.635 LampLamp
2.2. 3535 0.160.16 0.6100.610 LampLamp
3.3. 7070 0.150.15 0.5100.510 LampLamp
4.4. 8080 0.160.16 0.4280.428 LampLamp
5.5. 8080 0.050.05 0.7310.731 Small FanSmall Fan
End plate : AluminiumBipolar Plate : Graphite plate with EDM processMembrane : Co-polimer hidrokarbon, Nafion-silika, sPEEK-
types, sPEEK-zeoliteElectrodes : Carbon paper, Catalyst Pt-Co and Pt-Ni
Manufaktur Komponen Cell
CH3OHCH4
H2
fuel O2
Manufaktur Komponen Cell
CH3OHCH4
H2
fuel O2
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Wind Enegy
Solar Energy
Wave Energy
Ocean Current Energy
Oscillating Water Column
Wave Rider
Heave Rider
Fixed Based
Floating Based
Coastal Based
Control Center
Jatropha Curcas/ Palm coconut plantation
Ground based Based
3.5 Electrical Power Generation using Solar , Geothermal , Wind , Wave & Ocean Current Energy
Airborne Windmill
BPPT Energy ParkParang Racuk , Baron ,
Wonosari , DIY
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Theme : Utilization of Low–Medium Enthalpy
Geothermal resources for Power
Generation Plant
Technologies Assessment : - Binary Cycle Power Plant
Pilot Plant : - Binary Cycle Power Plant 2,5 MW at Lahendong (1988 – 1995)
Prototypes : - Binary Cycle System Power Generator 2 kW
- Fracture Detector Unit (Resource Survey Tools)
3.5.1 Geothermal
Lahendong Geothermal Field
Pilot Plant of Binary Cycle Power Plant 2.5 MWAt Lahendong, North Sulawesi
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3.5.2 SOLAR ENERGYSolar Energy Electrical Power Generation
Using PV ( direct energy generation )Located at BPPT Parking Lot Building
at Parang Racuk Energy Park , DIY
Using Thermal methods ( Indirect Energy generation )through solar heat collectorat Parang Racuk Energy Park , DIY
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3.5.3 Wind Energy
● This wind mill was developed for low wind speed input 3 - 5 m/s and can be operated in main land area
● For the next three years BPPT will investigate various type of wind mill for higher wind speed input , up to and above 7m/s . These will be based on :
● Wind energy : BPPT has developed 4.5 m diameterWind Turbine , 3 bladed horisontal axis , for 2.5 kW output using full composite materials
Off shore fixed based
Off shore floating based
Airborne based
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3.5.4 Coastal Wave Energy
The following simulation shows the working principle of wave energy generator using OWC method Fixed Based as well as floating based
Air chamber
Electrical Generator
2 way air turbine
Coastal wave Oscillating
water column
2 way air stream
Wave Oscillating water column air stream 2 way air turbine electrical generator
BPPT – OWC generator in Parang Racuk , DIY
Coastal Wave Energy electrical generation using Oscillating Water Column (OWC) has been developed at BPPT since 2003
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Floating Based
Fixed Based
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3.5.5 Ocean Current Energy Working principle of Ocean Current Energy generator with vertical axis.
Generator
Rotational axis
Turbine
Venturi Pipe
Detail design has been finished , this year a small scaled ptotoypewill be built for laboratory test , and next year a full scale prototype will be bulit and tested in the sea