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Transcript of Current Status of Nuclear Power Introduction in Kazakhstan · Current Status of Nuclear Power...
International Atomic Energy Agency
Institute of Atomic EnergyInstitute of Atomic EnergyNational Nuclear Center , Republic of KazakhstanNational Nuclear Center , Republic of Kazakhstan
Current Status of Nuclear Power Introduction in Current Status of Nuclear Power Introduction in KazakhstanKazakhstan
Kenzhin E., DirectorVurim A., Deputy Director
Vienna, 14-17 June, 2010
IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
Structure of Kazakhstan Electric Power and Energy SourcesStructure of Kazakhstan Electric Power and Energy Sources
“Perfect” structure of electric power in terms of energy sources diversification
and energy security of the countryHPP; 12% Hydrocarbon; 87%
NPP; 0%
HPP; 15%Hydrocarbon;
55%
Other; 10%
NPP; 20%
Uranium; 46,3%
Oil; 8,8%
Coal; 34,2%
Natural gas; 6,5%
Mineral tar; 4,2%
Stock of energy sources in Kazakhstan in equivalent fuel
Current Status of Kazakhstan Electric Power
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IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
Maximum Base Power, MW2015 2020 2025 2030
Generation capacity of the required new power plant 600 2200 4500 6600
North Kazakhstan (Kostanay) 0 1000 1500 2000East Kazakhstan (Kurchatov) 0 600 600 900South Kazakhstan (Balkhash, Taraz) - - 1500 2500West Kazakhstan (Aktau) 600 600 900 1200
Preliminary definition of NPP construction sites and total power was carried out on the basis of data on electric power balances of Kazakhstan and prediction of power grids development until 2030.
According to JSC KazSRPIFPS “Energy” data, maximum power of new plants used for operation in a base mode, should be 6600 MWe by 2030. During estimation performance it was supposed that base power shortage will be covered due to nuclear power plant construction.
Overview of National Power Supply System Overview of National Power Supply System and Electric Power Consumption and Electric Power Consumption
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IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
Schematic Map of Power GridsSchematic Map of Power Grids
2009 (fact) 2010 2012 2015 2020Electric power consumption, kWh bln 77.9 82.2 85.0 104.1 124.5Electric power generation, kWh bln 78.4 84.0 85.3 105.1 127.2
Long-term Electricity Balance Plan of the Republic of Kazakhstan
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IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
Current Status of Nuclear Power EngineeringCurrent Status of Nuclear Power Engineering
• Significant quantity of explored uranium reserves, which is basic power resource in total balance of country (19 % of world sources and takes 3rd place in the world).
• Advanced uranium-mining and processing industries on production of uranium concentrates, uranium dioxide and fuel pellets for power reactors. High-qualified personnel with experience of BN-350 reactor operation and decommissioning (National Nuclear Company ”Kazatomprom”).
• Infrastructure for carrying-out of fundamental and applied researches in the area of nuclear power engineering and nuclear physics, including the substantiation of nuclear power safety and tests of fuel and core elements for power reactors. High-qualified specialists with experience of research reactors operation (National Nuclear Center of RK).
• Legal and regulatory framework that controls main aspects of activities on peaceful uses of atomic energy and conforms to IAEA requirements.
• Draft of Nuclear Branch Development Program in the Republic of Kazakhstan within 2010-2020.
Preconditions of NPP introduction:Preconditions of NPP introduction:
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IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
Nuclear Power Legal FrameworkNuclear Power Legal FrameworkRatified International Conventions• Convention on Nuclear Safety (February 2010)• Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (February 2010)• Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency (February 2010)• Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management (February 2010)• Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (March 2009)
Laws• Law on nuclear power using (April 1997)• Law on radiation protection of population (April 1998)• Law on licensing (January 2007)Concept• Concept on development of the uranium industry and nuclear power in Kazakhstan within 2002-2030 (August 2002).
Program (draft) • Republic of Kazakhstan Nuclear Branch Development within 2010-2020 (preliminary endorsed by the Kazakhstan's Government)
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IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
Nuclear BranchNuclear Branch Development Program (main directions)Development Program (main directions)
I. Nuclear power developmentinfrastructure creation of development of nuclear power NPP constructions
II. Nuclear industry developmentvertically-integrated company of the nuclear fuel cycle creationNPP technological and reactor equipment manufacturing creation
III. Nuclear science developmentbasic and applied science development
IV. Community health and environmental protectionelimination of radiation hazard on former nuclear test sites and other
territories . Radiological monitoring of future NPP’s sites
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IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
Nuclear BranchNuclear Branch Development Program (main results)Development Program (main results)
1. NPP will be constructed and commissioned by 2020.2. Vertically-integrated company of the nuclear fuel cycle with possibility of nuclear
reactor components and equipment manufacturing will be created.3. Demonstration High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor will be constructed and
commissioned by 2019.4. Scientific-technical support of nuclear branch development with using of modern
experimental base will be ensured.5. Radioactive waste treatment infrastructure with using of modern nuclear
technologies will be created by 2015.6. Rehabilitation actions on former nuclear test sites territory will be provided and its
radiation safety will be ensured by 2020.7. Human resource development system for nuclear branch will be functioned.
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IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
Organization of National NP ProgramOrganization of National NP Program
Ministry of Industry and New TechnologiesMinistry of Industry and New Technologies
KAEKAENATIONAL ATOMIC NATIONAL ATOMIC POWER COMPANYPOWER COMPANY
KazatompromKazatompromNNCNNC
Nuclear Power safety oversight,
nonproliferationsupporting
NPP building and operating, technical
oversight
Uranium prospecting and mining, nuclear
fuel production
Scientific-technical base of branch development ,
education, Kazakhstan’s nuclear
competence assurance
NUCLEAR BRANCH DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
GOVERNMENT OF REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTANGOVERNMENT OF REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
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IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
National Organizations in NP ProgramNational Organizations in NP ProgramKazakhstan Atomic Energy Committee is the Nuclear Regulatory Body of the Republic of Kazakhstan.The principal fields of activity of the National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan are radioecology, nuclear power engineering and NPP safety, nuclear physics and radiation material science, nuclear-physical methods and high-end technologies, geophysics and non-proliferation, personnel training. NNC includes: Institute of Nuclear Physics, Institute of Atomic Energy, Institute of Geophysical Research, Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology, Baikal Enterprise, Kazakh State Research and Production Center of Explosive Operations.National Nuclear Company Kazatomprom is general operator of export and import of uranium and its compounds, nuclear fuel for nuclear power stations, special equipment and technologies, and dual-use materials. Currently, the company employs more than 25,000 people. Kazatomprom is one of the world’s leading uranium production companies includes 20 enterprises working in the nuclear industry.
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IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
Role of IAEA and external consultants to Role of IAEA and external consultants to supportsupport development of national NP programdevelopment of national NP program
On 15 September 2009 in frame of 53rd IAEA General Conference the Kazakh Deputy Energy and Mineral Resources Minister, Aset Magauov and IAEA Deputy Director General and Head of Department of Technical Cooperation, Ana Maria Cetto, signed Kazakhstan-IAEA framework program on technical cooperation for 2010-2015.
The Kazakhstan-Russian Nuclear Stations JSC is a proprietor of design and technical documents, construction technology and the right to promote the VBER-300 nuclear reactor on the world market. The Joint-Stock Company was established in October 2006. Its founders are Kazatomprom and Atomstroiexport. One of the aims of Nuclear Stations is to provide the country with energy security by developing, and bringing into life, innovative projects for nuclear power plant units and nuclear power plants.
In April 2007 two Agreements with Japan related to assistance in building nuclear power plants, one between Japan Atomic Power Co, KAEC, Kazatomprom and NNC, the other between Toshiba Corp and Kazatomprom were signed.
In June 2008 a further agreement on high-temperature gas-cooled reactor research was initialed by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) and the Kazakhstan Atomic Energy Committee, focused on small cogeneration plants.
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IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
PrePre--FS for Substantiation of NPP Construction FS for Substantiation of NPP Construction
Within 2006-2009 Pre-FS for Substantiation of NPP Construction in Kazakhstan was conducted.Tasks :1.World nuclear power review.2.Determination of new power plants used for operation in a base mode and unit power.3.Determination of regions perspective for NPP construction. 4.Reactor type selection.5.Perspective reactors review (nuclear, radiation and environmental safety).6. Construction cost and electricity generation cost estimation.
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IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
Regions Perspective for NPP ConstructionRegions Perspective for NPP Construction
Kurchatov NPP
Taraz NPP
Kostanai NPP
Aktau NPP
Balkhash NPP
Schematic Map of Power Grids of Kazakhstan Joint Power System up to 2030.
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IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
Positioning of the Electric Power Plant at Each SitePositioning of the Electric Power Plant at Each Site
• The place where the main transmission lines are connected with electric power system
• The place where electricity demand is available (near big city with a lot of power consumption)
• The place having cooling water source, transportation infrastructure, seismic conditions, etc.
Kostanay Kurchatov
Balkhash
Taraz
Aktau
West
North
South
EastTransmission line «North Kazakhstan –
Aktubinskaya obl.»
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IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
Site EvaluationSite Evaluation
The evaluation items is confirmed as same as those included in ”Site Evaluation for Nuclear Power Plant” in Safety Series of No.50-SG-S9 issued by IAEA.
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IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
Unit PowerUnit Power
1. It’s possible to use 600….1000 MWe units in case of Kazakhstan’s and Russia’s energy systems joint operation and transmission lines improvement.
2. Large unit is more economical by scale-effect.3. Maximum unit power validation needs additional complex evaluations
of static and dynamic stability of electric power grid in case of NPP operation.
4. It’s needs to compare the cost of electric power grid improvement and the economical effect of large units using.
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IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
Number of UnitsNumber of Units
The highestdemand growth
2015 2020 2025 20302
(2)
(6)
(9)
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
0
Newly
requ
ired e
lectric
ity (M
We)
2 2 4
The lowest demand growth
2015 2020 2025 20301 1
(2)
(5)
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
0Ne
wly re
quire
d elec
tricity
(MW
e)2 3
(In frames) - Unit Output = 600MWeWithout frames - Unit Output = 300MWe at the West region
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IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
LWR’s is the main type of modern nuclear power reactors.There aren't Generation III, III+ reactors of required power (600…1000 MWe) on the market (except AP600). It’s possible to develop acceptable project on the base of existing LWR.
Unit power, MWe1 000
ABWR (1 350)
EPR (1 600)
APWR (1 530)
AP1000 (1 100)
ESBWR (1 550)
ATMEA1 (1 100)
- BWR- PWR
~800
3 петли?
GE-Hitachi, Toshiba
4 петли
4 петли
3 петли
2 петли
AREVAWH (Toshiba)
MHI
GE-Hitachi
ATMEA (AREVA/MHI)
600
Required power for Kazakhstan
In operation
Under construction
Design stageAP600 (600)
2 петли
WH (Toshiba)ВВЭР-1200 (1 200)
ОКБ Гидропресс4 петли
Perspective Designs of NPPPerspective Designs of NPP
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IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
Perspective Designs of NPPPerspective Designs of NPPReactor Design VBER-300 ABWR EPR APWR AP-600 АР-1000Power, MWe 295 1350 1600 1538 600 1150
Vendor, country OKBM, Russia
GE, Hitachi, ToshibaUSA, Japan
AREVA NP, France
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd
Westinghouse, USA
Project status Developing Developed Developed Conceptual design developed
Certified by the NRC
Existing operating no Japan no no no no
Existing construction
no Japan, Taiwan Finland, France, China
Investigation of construction of 3 unit in Japan and 1 unit
in USA
no China
Other May be used in isolated energy systems (Aktau)
Possibility of scaling till 960MWe and 650 MWe
Possibility of scaling till 1000MWe and 600MWe
Possibility of scaling till 1000MWe and 600MWe
May be used in Kazakhstan
ABWR1350 is the only one of the Generation III+ reactor which operated from November 1996. ABWR design makes it possible to reduce of power by simple methods.
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IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
Construction Cost and Electricity Generation Cost EstimationConstruction Cost and Electricity Generation Cost Estimation
ABWR ABWR (960 MWe) ABWR (650 MWe)$ million $/kW $ million $/kW
Construction cost 2991 3116 2583 3974Electricity generation cost, cent/kWh 3,1 3,73
APWR APWR (1000 MWe) APWR (600 MWe)$ million $/kW $ million $/kW
Construction cost 3167 3167 2698 4497 Electricity generation cost, cent/kWh 3,13 4,11
EPR EPR (1000 MWe) EPR (600 MWe)$ million $/kW $ million $/kW
Construction cost 3224 3224 2791 4652 Electricity generation cost, cent/kWh 3,17 4,21
AP600/1000 AP1000 (1200 MWe) AP600 (600 MWe)$ million $/kW $ million $/kW
Construction cost 3484 2903 2681 4469Electricity generation cost, cent/kWh 2,94 4,09
Conditions: discount rate - 4%, availability – 85%, useful life – 40 years
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IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
NPP Construction PlanNPP Construction PlanConstruction plan was made considering international experience of NPP construction taken from IAEA documents. Policy decision to build first NPP should be made considering project preparation and construction duration not less 11 years.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Start of studyDecision making
about project implementation
Application for reactor construction permit
Study and conceptual design
Agreement conclusion
Government approval
Contract
Basic design & Licensing design
Start construction
Reactor construction
permit
Safety assessment
Detail design
Construction and commissioning
Fuel loading
Commercial operation
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IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency
Major Problems of NPP Introduction in KazakhstanMajor Problems of NPP Introduction in Kazakhstan
• Large reserves and low cost of fossil fuel.• Lack of Generation III, III+ reactor with the required power range.• Relatively high construction cost of NPP and electricity generation cost.• Restriction of NPP unit capacity of present electric power systems (spinning reserve restrictions, long distance and low transfer capability of transmission power lines).
• “Green” motif at public opinion against NPP.
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