Current Status, Experience and Planning of Radioactive Waste Disposal in KOREA September 10, 2013...

Current Status, Experience and Planning of Radioactive Waste

Disposal in KOREA

September 10, 2013

IAEA TM on the Disposal of Intermediate Level Waste, Vienna, 9 ~ 13 Sept. 2013

Haiyong JUNG, Ph.D ([email protected])

Radioactive Waste Safety Evaluation Dept.

IAEA TM on disposal of ILW 2

Contents

Introduction of KINS

Current Status of RWM in Korea

Korean LILW Repository

Future plan

Summary

IAEA TM on disposal of ILW



Organization of KINS

President ExpertStaff

SupportStaff Total

1 369 48 418


Current Status of RWM


Korea Instituteof Nuclear Safety

(KINS)

Korea Institute of Nu-clear Nonproliferation And Control (KINAC)

PRESIDENT

Prime Minister

Ministry of Trade, In-dustry & Energy

(MOTIE)

Korea Hydro and Nuclear

Power Co., Ltd. (KHNP)

Korea Radioactive Waste Agency

(KORAD)

Expert Organizationfor Nuclear Safety

Radioactive WasteManagement Organi-zation

NPP OperatorExpert Organizationfor Physical Protec-tion, Safeguards, etc.

Implementer Regulator

Other Min-istry

NSSC (Nuclear Safety & Security

Commission)

Related Major Ministry & Organiza-tions


Major Nuclear Facilities

Nuclear Power Plant (NPP)23 in Operation and 5 under Construction and 4 un-der contemplation

Research Rector (RR) / Education Reactor (ER)HANARO (RR)

KRR 1 and 2 (RR, under decommissioning)

AGN (ER)

Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facility (FC)Fuel Fabrication Plant for NPP

Fuel Fabrication Facility for RR

Post-Irradiation Examination Facility

Radioactive Waste Management Facilities (RW)RI Waste Management Facility

LILW Disposal Facility (under construction)

RR RR

RR

FC FC

ER

RW

RW

Seoul

Daejeon

Younggwang

Ulchin

Wolsong

Kori

NPP

in operation

under construction

(As of May 2013)

FC


Nuclear PowerReactors(KHNP)

(Hospitals, Industries, etc.)

RI Users

CommercialFuel FabricationPlant(KEPCO-NF)

Research Complex(KAERI)

KRR1 and 2

Temporary Storage (9)


UCF

under decommissioning

End PointLILW disposal site (KORAD)

under construction

(HANARO, PIEF, Fuel Fabrication Facility)



RI Waste ManagementFacility (KRMC)

Temporary Storage

Framework of RW Management

released from regulation

http://www.biken.osaka-u.ac.jp/act/images/RadioLaboA.png

http://nuclearmedicine.stanford.edu/research/images/PET_CT.jpg

http://science.kongju.ac.kr/gs/chem/gp1401-6.jpg

http://nayki.ru/p/img23924.jpg


Total 132,257 200L-Drum Equivalents 90,583 drums from NPPs (68.5%) 41,674 drums from Other Facilities (31.5%)

Ulchin(12.5%)

Wolsong(7.8%)

Younggwang(16.7%)

Seoul(0.6%)

Daejeon(23.0%)

Kori(31.5%)

KAERI 20,614

KEPCO-NF 6,686

KRMC 3,096

Sum 30,396

KRR 1,2 852

Storage 1, 2 22,077

Storage 1, 2 16,521

Storage1, 2, 3, 4

41,606

Storage 1 10,379

Taegwang 7,131

Daegu Tech 52

Sum 7,183

Others (5.4%)

Inventory of Radioactive Waste(As of March. 2013)

Recept./storage Building

3,243WLDC(2.5%)


Legislation for Radioactive Waste Safety

Nuclear Safety Act (NSA)

Enforcement Decree of the NSA

Enforcement Regulation of the NSA

Enforcement Regulations on Tech-nical Standards for Radiation

Safety Management, etc.

Law

Presidential Decree

Ministerial Ordinance

Ministerial Noticesof the NSSC

2012-562012-57

Site Characterization Report

2012-64 Safety Analysis Report

2012-59 Clearance of radioactive waste

2012-53 Generic Waste Accep-tance Criteria

2012-45 Environmental Radia-tion Survey, etc.

2012-32 Radiological Environ-mental Report

2012-50 Siting Criteria

2012-52 Structure and Equipment of LILW Repository

2012-60 Incineration of RW

2012-63 Operation and Control of LILW Repository

2012-62 Structure and Equipment of LILW Treatment Sys.

2012-54 Quality Assurance

2012-65 Disposal Inspection

2012-55 Radiological Protection Criteria

2012-49 Packaging and Transport of RM

2012-29 Standards on Radiation Protection

Regulatory Guidance

11


NSSC Notice No. 2012-29

• HLW: Long-lived α-emitters (T1/2 > 20 years) : > 4,000Bq/g

and Heat Generation Rate : > 2 kW/m3

• LILW: Other radioactive waste except HLW

• Current system was established in Aug. 1998, which is based

on the IAEA Safety Series No 111-G-1.1 (1994)

• Research project on the feasibility of the revision of classifi-

cation system of RW based on the IAEA GSG-1 is in

progress

• Classification system will be revised next year through this

feasibility study

Current RW Classification System in Korea


RW Classification System in Korea


Korea LILW Repository


Located in the south-east coast of

Korean peninsula

- Adjacent to Wolsong NPP

Area : about 2,000,000 sq. m

Overview of LILW Disposal Site

underground silo type/150~200

m below surface

Disposal capacity : total

800,000 waste packages (100,000 packages for the 1st stage)

Wolsong#1,2,3,4

Shin-Wolsong #1,#2

LILW disposal site (2.0 km2)

15


• Wolsong LILW Disposal Site has been under construction since August 2008.• Operation of all facilities is planned to begin in July 2014

LILW Disposal Site

1616


• Portal of the access tunnel

LILW Disposal Site

1717


LILW Disposal Facility

18


Overall Progress Rate : 95 % (As of June 2013)

LILW Disposal Facility Construction


Surface Facilities in LILW site

2020


LILW Disposal Facility Project Milestone

Designation as LILW Disposal Facility SiteJan. 2006

Detailed Site Investigation & Design Feb. 2006

Disposal Method (1st Stage : Underground Silo Type) Jul. 2006

Application for Construction & Operating LicenseJan. 2007

Issued Construction & Operating LicenseJul. 2008

Jun. 2014 Full Operation of the Facility

Operation of LILW Reception/Storage BuildingsDec. 2010

21


Post-closure SA Criteria for LILW Dis-posalThe predicted annual radiological dose caused by natural evolution on

individuals of critical group shall not exceed 0.1 mSv.

Annual risk due to unexpected disruptive events caused by either natu-

ral or artificial factors shall be limited to below 10-6.

After the institutional control of disposal facilities, radiological impacts

due to human intrusion shall be limited below 1mSv/y.

Normal evolu-tion

• Performance Objective caused by natural evolution: ≤ 0.1 mSv/y

Disruptive events

• Risk induced by un-controlled natu-ral or man-made dispuptive events : ≤ 10-6/y

Human Intru-sion

• Radiation dose : ≤ 1.0 mSv/y


Post-closure SA & Institutional Control

BiosphereGeosphereWasteDisposalContainer

Backfill Silo

② ③ ④ ⑤① ⑥

①②③④ ⑤

Near Field

• Not requested to exceed 1,000 y• If no peak by 1,000 y, need to

demonstrate non-drastic increase of the release rate and non-acute radio-logical risk to be demonstrated.

Timeframe Post-closure Institutional Control

• Proposed institutional control period:

100 y based on the results of SA• Effectiveness of the control period: to

be re-verified by safety reassessment,

renewal of safety analysis, institutional

control plan, and institutional control

termination plan, etc.


Future plan


Development of 2nd stage disposal facility2nd stage: near surface fa-cility

engineered barriers125 thousands packages

Milestone (in planning)In late 2014, apply for li-censeIn early 2017, start its op-eration


In order to revise the current RW classification system in taking account to the current status & prediction of RW Management based on IAEA GSG-1, the research project by KINS has been launched in 2012.

The connection between the RW classification and the disposal type would be the key factors in this research.

It is likely that the revision of RW classification system in legal framework would be done based on this research.

Revision of RW classification system

26


Current Sys-tem

27

HLW (SNF)Geological Disposal

(in the future)

ILW

LLW

VLLW

Near Sur-face

Disposal(Surface landfill /Engineered Bar-

rier)

Intermediate Depth

Disposal (??)

Geological Disposal

(in the future)HLW (SNF)

L&ILW ?

VS Future Sys-tem


The SA of the LILW repository in Korea guaranteed the long-term safety in showing the compliance with the post-closure per-formance criteria.

Korean LILW repository is now under construction and expected to start its operation in July 2014.

KORAD, which is responsible for RWM in Korea, is planning to develop the 2nd stage of RW disposal facility in Wolsong site. It is expected to be a near surface disposal facility with engineered barriers.

New RW classification system is under research by KINS in tak-ing into account the linkage between the category and disposal type based on the long-term safety.

Summary

28


Thank you for your attention .

Current Status, Experience and Planning of Radioactive Waste Disposal in KOREA September 10, 2013...

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