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Transcript of Current range Magazine
Index 2
To the Reader pag 3
pag 4 Catholic loses exclusivity in the classroom
pag 6 Tortuguero is waiting for you!
Biofuel pag 7
pag 8 Engineering
Funeral Tradition Tailandia pag 10
pag 12 TECHNOLOGICAL ADDICTIONS
The best 3 beaches in Bocas del Toro, Panama pag 5
“Tomatina´s Fest” pag 13
pag 14 Dental plaque and oral hygiene
Sources Consulted pag 15
3
To the Reader On this section the reader will be able to find some
trip recommendations that will be useful if they are
thinking on having vacations soon. They will find
information about the best places to visit, hotels,
rates and general information about every single
place. Nowadays most of the people who want to
travel prefer to check recommendations before to
visit a specific place. Writing this kind of articles the
reader must be able to see what they can expect to
see or to find on these places.
In our magazine you will find a number of issues that can help you to
catch both the national Field, so it is able to read written creations of
diverse topics for testing purposes. The sections are treated with the
utmost clarity and depth to the taste of all of you.
In advance, we hope to clarify the most satisfaction and hopefully
continue being faithful users of our magazine.
Reflection
"Live as if you were to die
tomorrow. Learn as if you were to
live forever.“
Mahatma Gandhi
Also contains some articles about how to have a good oral hygiene,
some cultural articles and modern technological addictions.
The purpose of these articles is to provide information on current
issues, which in one way or another reader can help you in your daily
life, as well as cultural enrichment.
4 National section
The religion classes are taught in
schools and public schools are no
longer exclusive to the Catholic faith.
Students who profess a different creed
should get lessons from someone who
has "proven ability".
For this, the Ministry of Public
Education (MEP) to change the
curriculum because they are now
focused on Catholicism.
So what sets the vote number 2023-
2010 of the Constitutional Court,
issued on August 24, 2011.
The high court also ordered that the
course of Religion has a second stage,
in which the contents are ecumenical,
ie attached to values and not focused
on any belief.
"An ecumenical or eclectic approach
that promotes tolerance, respect for
human rights and fundamental human
dignity, religious diversity, non-
discrimination on religious grounds,
understanding, understanding and
friendship among religious groups"
award established.
In the academic year 2010, of the
426,735 students enrolled in high
school, 43.3% (184. 776) Religion was
not, according to the latest statistics
available.
Position. This decision of the
Constitutional Court is welcomed by
leaders of different religions, including
Catholicism.
"We are not opposed to the second
stage (ecumenical education). The
Church accepts what the
Constitutional Court has established,
"said Bishop Vittorino Girardi.
The prelate himself expressed doubt
that other religions have educators to
take lessons.
Dyaláh Calderon academic vice
minister of MEP, said he believed that
the same current professors of religion
can impart those lessons.
However, leaders of evangelical and
Baptist churches say their
congregations have people ready for
such instruction
Author: Javier Chinchilla.
Catholic loses exclusivity in the classroom
The best 3 beaches in Bocas del Toro,
Panama
Bocas Del Toro is an island located on the
Caribbean coast of Panama. This place is a
paradise compound of different islands where
you can find the best beaches that you had
ever seen before. Beaches in here have
clean water, excellent waves, a lot of marine
animals and a great landscape. Because of
my experience I will show you the best 3
beaches of Bocas Del Toro, let´s check every
one.
My third place is for Cayos Zapatilla, it is
located in the middle of a protected
marine park, this is one of the island's
longest stretches of beachfront, and
probably the most crowded, but it's easy
to see why. The perfect white sand
beach is home to the best snorkeling
around.
5
Bocas del Drago is my number two. It is about a 20-mile drive from town, although
on the $2 bus that means about an hour and 15 minutes. The beach itself is rather
narrow you can find a clear and calm ocean and you will be able to watch a lot of
starfish on the beach.
Here you have my number one
because of its nature and beauty. It is
Red Frog. This beach is named like
that because the high number of red
frogs that you can find around the
place. Red Frog Beach is set on the
North end of Isla Bastimentos. There's
a pretty perfect surf break nearby and
a long, mostly desolate stretch of
sandy beach.
Have you ever been in Bocas Del Toro? Do you agree with my top 3? If you don’t
you should visit this beautiful place soon. You will be able to enjoy heaven on the
heart. I recommend you this trip, I am pretty sure that you will enjoy it and love it as I
did.
Tourism section
6
Tortuguero is waiting for you!
Located on the Caribbean Coast Tortuguero is one of the
best options for a perfect travel in our country. It is one of
the most visited National Parks in our country because it
is a beautiful place with excellent landscapes, it is very
cheap and also reaching to the park may be a great
adventure.
The park has incredible biological variety. On this park
you will be able to enjoy swamps, beaches and rainforest
that are part of a wonderful mix that will meet your all
expectations. A great plus is that you may find a high
number of animals like monkeys, turtles and jaguars.
There are a high number of places where you can stay if you want to
visit this beautiful place. You can choose between stay on the main
street near to the beach or stay on the mountain 15 minutes away of the
town. Your choice may be based on the kind of trip that you are looking
for! You can spend from $20 to $60 per night on a hotel in Tortuguero.
Very cheap!!
Reaching Tortuguero will be a great adventure. There are just two ways to reach this
place on boat or airplane. If you want to take a boat it may take around 45 minutes to
reach the town from The Pavona and the cost will be around $5. If you want to travel
on airplane the flight will be for around 40 minutes from San Jose and the cost will be
around $60. This service is provided by Nature Air a national company. You can
choose one according to your expectations and time.
Author: Teresita Montero jimenez
6 Tourism section
With oil prices rising, the
devaluation of the dollar and the
strong impact that fossil fuels
have on the environment, there is
a new trend for the production of
renewable energy: biofuels. The
'biofuel' refers a material derived
from biomass, which takes its
energy from living organisms or
metabolic wastes. This source is
considered renewable because it
can be replaced as it is
consumed, because his use and
production is faster than that of
fossil fuels.
Biofuel Biofuel have three types of biomass: “Natural
biomass”, which is that which is completely natural
for some plants, “residual biomass”, which is what
occurs as a result of human activity, such as
garbage and sewage, and the “biomass induced”,
which is which is grown for energy. The lass
biomass is produced today in countries like Brazil
and the U.S., where it is used sugar cane and
corn, respectively, for the production of ethanol.
The most developed Biofuels in recent years are
ethanol, produced from sugar cane, corn,
sorghum, sugar beet and some cereals and
biodiesel produced from vegetable oils such as
jatropha and canola. These products are
converted into liquid or gaseous fuels through
biotechnology. Unfortunately, biofuels also bring
negative impacts; Because of this, food products
like corn and wheat to produce biofuels are
causing international prices of these grains
increased considerably in recent years.
Writing Javier Chinchilla T
Example uses of biofuel are, United Airlines, Boeing Airlines and Honeywell UPS. In a
few years ago, the aviation have developed the uses of biofuel example of that is than
1500 passenger flights long distances, operated with advanced biofuel, allowing for
sustainable growth and improve overall environmental performance.
According to the above, a third of the increase in prices of vegetable oils and grains is
due to biofuels. As you can see, there are subsidy policies for biofuels made by rich
countries guilty of distortion of food prices. But also the planet feels a great relief to stop
using fossil fuels, such as the airlines.
7 Writing section
8
Engineering
Nowadays, engineering careers are highly attractive to companies
because the young people that are studying that specific area have
had to develop their own skills by the time they are taking the major
and that is very important because the companies can take advantage
of very easily. In Fact, a study conducted by the National Council of
Rectors (CONARE) reveals that engineering careers are in the first
place as they offer more job opportunities right now, followed by
Business Administration, Economics and Accounting. Despite of all
the good labor that CONARE and the public universities are been
doing in order that freshman focus on engineering majors, 46% of
students who passed the entrance exam at the University of Costa
Rica (UCR) for this year marked as first choice a Social Sciences
major. Meanwhile, 22% chose engineering.
As we know, studying an engineering major is not easy because it involves taking subjects such as
physics, chemistry and mathematics and not all students are ready to continue taking those subjects
that in high school were very difficult "to some".
In ULACIT there are different engineering major among them are: Electronic Engineering, Computer
Engineering, Occupational Health Engineering and Environment. Now we are going to explain a little bit
more about these majors.
In first place we have electronic engineering that is the responsible of the creation of every
electronic device. The most important product of this engineering is the microprocessors.
Those are the brain of some electronic devices like computers and cell phones; that
means they are an important part in these devices. Today, nanotechnology allows the
creation of nanomaterials that are used in electronics. This nanomaterials are more
resistant, flexible, effective and also with an excellent quality. In Switzerland, scientists
and electronic engineers are developing new microprocessors that are more efficient with
greater speed, multitasking, and increased memory, computing power, better functionality
and wireless connectivity.
Writing section
9
In second place, we have computer
engineering that is the process of
analyzing and designing all hardware,
software, and operating systems for a
computer. For example, the
methodology for designing a good
computer system consists in a database
of the model called "UML". The UML is
the Unified Modeling Language, which,
is based on a series of steps leading to a
good analyst to create an efficient
program for the company or customers.
In addiction the methodology is raising
detailed analysis of "needs" of the client,
if a program is based on the needs, has
80% more likely to be successful. This
method divided the needs by level of
priority and uses, creating "use cases"
for each immediate need or high, thus
leading to a diagram of interaction
between software and the person. The
same "use case" can be used by several
people, and a person can use different
"use cases". Finally, to model the "use
cases" is selected IDE, which is the
platform where you plan to schedule, in
addition, one must choose the
programming language, making this very
important step for the success of
software.
Last but not least we have Occupational
Health Engineering and Environment
that is defined as the set of measures
and actions that are aimed to preserve,
improve and repair the health of workers
in their workplace, this science should
also apply in every place and type of
work for the sole purpose protect the
health of people and prevent accidents
in the workplace.
The engineers must created an
Occupational Health program in which
are based in the planning, organization
and evaluation of the various activities in
the work both of hygiene, safety and
preventive medicine for the sole purpose
of maintaining and improving the health
of workers.
As we have seen there are different
kinds of engineering careers all of them
have different focus but the important
thing is that the person who study an
engineer career will develop a lot of
skills that will be very interesting for
companies inside and outside of our
country, this is one of the reasons why
my partners and I chose an engineering
career.
9
10
Writing section
Funerals are practiced
differently around the world, in
the village of the Toraja called
“Tana Toraja” (Sulawesi Islands,
Indonesia) that is located
between mountains and
volcanoes, unlike the rest of the
world when a person dies in this
village, their funeral tradition is
very rare and peculiar.
The body is awakened through
black magic. This is done because
in Toraja the graves are located
on limestone mountains. In
addition, the cadavers walks by
their own and are guided by an
expert in black magic. However,
this practice has a ban, nobody
can speak or point at the body or
it falls and is unable to walk
again.
This is a bit far from the reality
but may be because of this
isolation, survived one of its
oldest customs related to the
funeral rite. In their culture,
death and life are blended into a
series of rituals. Adults, at death,
to spend some time outdoors, in a
specific place and surrounded by
trees, traditionally believed to
purify the spirit mystic mode
filter.
This town has the custom of
burying their dead in "floating
graveyards", after going
through a process of
mummification involved in having
the body in the house itself for
about 3 days, which is still
considered part of the living,
located in the nearby mountains,
they build small traditional
houses where they leave water,
flowers and tributes. Here, once
placed in their coffins, they
carving a figure of wood or
stone, representing the deceased
and is put out of the coffin or
grave. This is normally practiced
in the rock tombs or graves
floating. After five years, they
remove the dead, they clean and
re-bury the corpse.
Another interesting point about
this ritual is the burial that is
saved for the children who still
do not have their teeth out. For
the Toraja this children still
being part of the cycle of nature,
because they didn't lived a long
life. These young are introduced
inside a tree, in an upright
posture, filling the hole with eggs
as an offering.
In conclusion, the Toraja believes
that the dead have a way of life
contrary to the living ones. For
this reason culture marks the
departure of their loved ones.
Torajas say that the dead walk
upside down, talking backwards,
and lost crops mean food for
the dead.
Funeral Tradition Tailandia 11
Nowadays people spend most of the time
in touch with technology, such as cell
phones, internet, video games, T.V., social
networks, exercising and shopping and
every day technology is better.
The technology creators think that if they
create new technology they will win more
money but behind all this so many people
are becoming addicts.
So, what is an addiction? In my opinion it is
when a person depends of something. For
example an activity that affects the quality
of people´s life.
Even though the technology simplifies our
lives; for example, we can now use the
Internet for homework which make us
spend a lot of hours in front of the
computer then obviously we prefer to
surf the internet rather than using books.
In some cases people as much time they
spend on the internet it is better for them
because they think that it is necessary for
them. I think that in future the tablets will
be replacing books.
Teenagers overused social networks like
Facebook or twitter to interact with
friends, to communicate with his family
who live far, but it also has some cons, for
example, people spend much time in front
of a computer, social networks limits face
to face conversations, now people prefer
to chat provoking many people addicted to
this, they check their accounts many times
a day for long hours.
Cell phones are very necessary, but
sometimes they can become an addiction,
it is very common to see young people
texting all day using words in an incorrect
way or creating new ways to write a word
which affects spelling or grammar because
people tend to cut the words and then do
not write well.
Another case is video games and T.V, these
are forms of entertainment, but children
become violent, because all they are about
war and violence, they develop a violent
behavior.
Exercising can also become a problem for
some people. Some people can become
addicted to exercising and on this way
spend a lot of hours on a gym every day. It
is a disease and it is called Vigorexia.
Vigorexia has some good aspects like that
people get relax, self-steam improvement,
prevent cardiovascular diseases, help with
mental health and improves physical
condition. It also has consequences like
muscle damage, obsession, Anorexia,
bulimia, use of hormones (Steroids) and
this affects our body.
In conclusion people have a stressful life at
work or at home, now everything is
working with technology.
The solution is to live in harmony, with a
comfortable style of life, balancing work
with leisure, maybe people can practice
some recreational
activities like swimming,
football, going to the
beach or hanging out with
friends occasionally,
instead of being in front of
a computer or in a mall
buying things.
TECHNOLOGICAL ADDICTIONS 12
Writing section
“Tomatina´s Fest”
Tomatinás Fest has a rich and varied history. Maybe you have not hear
about it, but it is an important and popular tradition that had been taking place for the
last 60 years, it had been attracting young people around the world and every year most
of them are taking part of it.
It starts in Buñol since 1944 or 1945. Basically it is a tomato fight, but has been a strong
tradition. The origin of this event is not clear, but there are some people who said that it
was based on local food fight among friends during these years. There are some other
theories like a volley of tomatoes from bystanders at a carnival parade and a practical joke
on a bad musician, but nobody is able to confirm the origin of The Tomatina. There is one
popular theory that states that it was created because the city was attacked with
tomatoes during a town celebration. Even though the reason of this tradition is a mystery
it has been enjoyed every year and repeated year after year on Spain and it is one of the
most popular traditions around the world.
The event consists on a weeklong festival that features music, parades, dancing, and
fireworks. On the night before the tomato fight, participants of the festival compete in a
paella cooking contest. It is held on a Wednesday at the end of August every year. At
around 11 a .m., the first event of the Tomatina begins. A ham is placed upon a cockaigne
pole (a large, greased pole), and the tomato fight can begin only when someone is able to
climb to the top and bring it down. People struggle against each other, climbing atop one
another, in order to be the one to pull down the ham. With this victory, the tomato-
throwing begins. Spain citizens and people who come from the rest of the world come to
fight with thousand of over-ripe tomatoes in the Buñol streets. It is enjoyed for around
30,000 people even though there are not many accommodations for the participants.
This is a war were there are expected to be no winners, but where all have fun and it is
the reason why you should take some tips or suggestions into consideration.
Some of them are: Wear clothes that later you throw away as you will never get it clean
again, Bring goggles (or protect your eyes but don´t wear glasses). Tomato on your eye
can be really acid. Wear shoes that have a decent grip. Also you should behave yourself
and be responsible on the event so You must not take any bottles nor any kind of object
that could cause any incident, you must not tear T-shirts and be careful with lorries going
through the village. You may ONLY use tomatoes, and you are to squish them before
slugging them. Bottles, water bombs and the like are totally forbidden If you really want to
enjoy it please keep it in mind.
Writing section 13
Dental plaque and oral hygiene
These two topics are very related en Dentistry. In this
report we are going to explain how to prevent plaque
and maintain a healthy mouth.
Plaque is a sticky film formed of many bacteria, saliva
and acids, that are located in teeth. The principal
cause of dental plaque is the food we eat, especially if
this food contains carbohydrates.
At first, plaque looks like a slim layer, kind of soft that is easy to remove with the
tooth brush. Then this layer looks like a hard layer that creates calculus,that the
only way of removing this is by visiting your dentist.
If the plaque is not eliminated, the bacteria cause the production of these and can
damage tooth enamel. It may also cause gingivitis or
periodontal disease “gum disease” which is an
inflammation or infection of the gums causing to get red
and swollen. If you have gingivitis and turns into
periodontitis (in serious stage) you could lose your teeth.
This is why good hygiene techniques are so necessary and
recommended by dentist.
Step one: use floss to remove food and germs between
teeth, step two: use a tooth brushing method that is recommended to you by your
dentist.
It is according your age or disease.
Step three: Brush your tongue for a fresh feeling. There
are many options for tongue brushes.
Step four: Rinse with mouth wash without alcohol.
Some tips for this few steps: Use a tooth brush of soft
bristles and buy the recommend or proper brand.
We choose these two topics because there are important
in our career and are most common problems our patients
are going to have. We know about these topic and we consider that they are
important for our classmates and everyone know and practice for a good oral
hygiene and health in general.
Writing section 14
Sources Consulted Biofuel
15
Amador Hidalgo, L., & Manuel Arjona Fuentes, J. (2009). Biocombustibles: oportunidades y riesgos de su
aplicación. Revista De Fomento Social, 64(256), 755-791.
Marín, E., Ciro Velásquez, E., & Cárdenas, E. (2011). Biocombustibles: búsqueda de alternativas. CES Medicina
Veterinaria & Zootecnica, 6(2), 118-123. Recovered from ESCOhost.com
Barrantes V. Luis A. (2012). Aerolíneas y líderes en tecnología limpia lanzan la Iniciativa de Biocombustibles Sostenibles.
Recovered from
http://www.compromisorse.com/acciones-rse/2012/05/29/aerolineas-y-lideres-en-tecnologia-limpia-l
anzan-la-iniciativa-de-biocombustibles-sostenibles/
Booch, G. (2005). The unified modeling language user guide (2ª ed.).Estados Unidos: Pearson Educación.
Comité Paritario de Salud Ocupacional (COPASO). (s,f). Programa de Salud Ocupacional. Recovered from
http://www.utp.edu.co/~cpso/PagDerecha.htm
Fieras de la Ingeniería. (January 24, 2012). “El inicio de los ordenadores con chips 3-D” R. Recovered from
http://www.fierasdelaingenieria.com/el-inicio-de-los-ordenadores-con-chips-3-d/
La Nación. (2011). Los Jóvenes huyen de las carreras con más opciones de trabajo. Recovered from
http://www.nacion.com/2011-04- 02/ElPais/NotaPrincipal/ElPais2732041.aspx
Engineering
Funeral Tradition Finlandia
15
Tomatina Fest
Tourism
Tejiendo el mundo, “Los Toraja y los árboles de los niños muertos”. http://tejiendoelmundo.wordpress.com/2011/04/19/los-
toraja-y- los-arboles-de-los-ninos-muertos/ Recovered in July 29th, 2012
Los mundos de Hachero, “Viaje a Indonesia: en un entierro toraja en la isla de Sulawesi”.
http://losmundosdehachero.blogspot.com/2011/12/viaje-indonesia-en-un-entierro-toraja.html Recovered i
n July 29th, 2012
Recovered from http://www.spanish-fiestas.com/festivals/la-tomatina/
Recovered from http://www.indigoguide.co.uk/costarica/tortuguero.htm http://www.costaricamap.com/ing/biorefbarra.html
Recovered from http://lafotosaliomovida.com/?p=526 http://www.sindioses.org/sociedad/guias.html
Catholic loses exclusivity in the classroom
English four magazine project
Authors :
Teresita Montero Jiménez
Javier Chinchilla Torres
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