Current Land Subsidence in the Houston Metropolitan Area, Texas, Derived from GPS Observations...
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![Page 1: Current Land Subsidence in the Houston Metropolitan Area, Texas, Derived from GPS Observations (1993-2012) Guoquan (Bob) Wang University of Houston With.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d0a5503460f949dd753/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Current Land Subsidence in the Houston Metropolitan Area, Texas, Derived from
GPS Observations (1993-2012)
Guoquan (Bob) WangUniversity of Houston
With contributions from graduate students: Timothy J. Kearns, Jiangbo Yu, Linqiang Yang, Xueyi Jia, and Jianjun Jiang
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Outline• GPS Geodesy Infrastructure in the Houston area Public available GPS stations (Hardware)
Stable Houston Reference Frame (SHRF) (Firmware)
Single-receiver phase ambiguity resolved GIPSY PPP resolution (software)
• Current subsidence mapping (2005-2012)
• Scientific Questions: (1) Is there deep seated (or fault-controlled) subsidence in the Houston area? (2) When will the current subsidence stop?
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(USGS, Kasmarek et al., 2009)
(USGS, Coplin and Galloway, 2009)
Historic Subsidence in Houston
3 m within 30 years, 10 cm/year
6 m
USGS
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Houston Ship Channel Area
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Geodesy Infrastructure: Permanent GPS Stations
Harris-Galveston Subsidence District (70+)
Texas Department of Transportation 15+
City of Houston, others
83 GPS +11 Extensometers
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HoustonNet
• NSF MRI: 40 GPS; UH: 10 GPS• Subsidence, faulting, and salt dome uplift• Hurricane intensity forecasting• Civil engineering community---buildings, bridges, dams, sea walls
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Geodesy Infrastructure: The Stable Houston Reference Frame
7 years: 2005-2012
Helmert Transformation
Wang et al., 2013
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14-Parameter Similarity Transformation
8
(1) Translation along the respective axis (in meters)
(2) Differential Scaling of the respective axis (ppb)
(3) Counterclockwise Rotations (in radians)
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14-Transformation Parameters
9
Transformation Parameter UnitIGS08 to SHRFt0 = 2012
IGS08 to NAD83(2011)t0 = 1997*
Tx(t0) cm 0.00000 99.34300Ty(t0) cm 0.00000 -190.33100Tz(t0) cm 0.00000 -52.65500Rx(t0) mas 0.00000 25.91467Ry(t0) mas 0.00000 9.42645Rz(t0) mas 0.00000 11.59935s(t0) ppb 0.00000 1.71504dTx cm/year -1.07250 0.07900dTy cm/year -1.05876 -0.06000dTz cm/year -3.54574 -0.13400dRx mas/year 1.15720 0.06667dRy mas/year -0.93885 -0.75744dRz mas/year -0.33224 -0.05133ds ppb/year 1.37220 -0.10201
*Pearson and Snay (2013), Table 7
NGS
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No-linear subsidence rate
Jersey Village
18 Years
Spatial and temporal variation of subsidence
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Ground Deformation at Closely-Spaced (4 km) GPS Sites
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Recent Subsidence Mapping (2005-2012)
85 years
6 m
83 GPS +11 Extensometers
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Maximum subsidence rate <=2.5 cm/year
< 5 mm/year
7 years: 2005-2012
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Aquifer Profile: Chicot + Evangeline
USGS3600 ft
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Subsidence---pumping (??%)+ faulting (??%)
Gulf Coast Geology and faults
Ortega, 2013
Subsidence vs. Faulting
Question 1: Is there deep-seated (fault-controlled) subsidence in the Houston-Galveston area?
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USGS Borehole Extensometers
13 extensometers at 11 sites 40 years: 1974—2013
USGS
Compaction meter
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Addicks Borehole Extensometer (-549 m)
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Co-Located GPS and Extensometer Monitoring Site (ADKS)
Wang et al., 2014
+15 years
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Wang et al., 2014Journal of Surveying Engineering
Conclusion: The compaction measurements from the long-term extensometers are reliable and the accuracy is about a few millimeters.
Drought of 2005
Drought of 2011
18 years
40 years
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Co-located GPS and Extensometer Sites
Conclusion: Compacted aquifers are limited to above -600 m
ADKS(-549 m) NETP (-591 m) LKHU (-661 m)
22 years
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Clear Lake—Jonson Space Center Sites
Conclusion: No compaction below -530 m
Clear lake Deep Borehole (-936 m) Clear lake Shallow Borehole (-530 m) Jonson Space Center(-235 m)
50m 2.5 km
37 years
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-530 m
Conclusion: Only partial of the Evangeline aquifer had been compacted!
USGS, 2009
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Coastal Subsidence: Galveston vs. New Orleans
It appears no considerable tectonic subsidence occurs currently in the Houston-Galveston area.
4 mm/year
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UH Coastal Center “Vertical” GPS Array
-30 ft-20 ft-10 ft -1 ft
Borehole GPS
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Question 2: When will the subsidence cease?
Conclusion: It took 20 years (1978-1998) to halt the subsidence in the southeast part.
1978-1998
38 years
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Conclusion: 2005+20=2025
38 years
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Summary
• The ground water and aquifer systems respond slowly to human actions. It took almost two decades (1980s and 1990s) to halt the subsidence in the south-east part of the Houston metropolitan area. Therefore, a long-term perspective is needed to manage groundwater resources and control land subsidence.
• The spatial and temporal variation of subsidence could be very considerable!
subsidence=f(x,y,z t)
• The groundwater regulations implemented by the HGSD are very successful in reducing subsidence rate in the Houston area. Currently, there is no considerable deep-seated or fault-controlled subsidence in the Houston-Galveston area. Current aquifer compaction is limited to about -530m.
Thank you!
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Stable: v=0