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INTERNAL SECURITYNagaland extends Inner Line Permit toDimapurContext : Nagaland government extended the Inner

Line Permit (ILP) system to Dimapur, the com-mercial hub of the State. The decision makesit mandatory for “every non-indigenous per-son” who entered the Dimapur after Novem-ber 21, 1979, to obtain an ILP within 90 days.

Except Dimapur, the ILP has been applicableto the rest of Nagaland.

Explanation :What is the Inner Line Permit (ILP)?

The Inner Line Permit (ILP) is an official traveldocument issued  by  the  Government  ofIndia to grant inward travel of an Indian citi-zen into a protected area for a limited pe-riod.

Currently, the Inner Line Permit is operationalin Arunachal  Pradesh,  Mizoram  andNagaland.

It is obligatory for Indians residing outsidethose states to obtain permission prior toentering the protected areas.

ILP is based on the Bengal Eastern FrontierRegulations, 1873, which protected the Brit-ish Crown’s interest in tea, oil and elephanttrade. It prohibited ”British subjects” or In-dians from entering into these protected ar-eas.

It can be issued for travel purposes solely.Visitors are not allowed to purchase prop-erty in these regions. However, there mightbe a different set of rules for long term visi-tors, though they are not valid for centralgovernment employees and security forces.

The document has been issued underthe Bengal  Eastern  Frontier  Regulation,1873and the conditions and restrictions varyfrom state to state.

Exemption from Citizenship (Amendment) Act,2019 Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram,

protected by the ILP requirement, have beenexempted from the provisions of the Citizen-ship (Amendment) Act along with theMeghalaya, Mizoram and the tribal areas ofTripura and Assam as covered in the SixthSchedule of the Constitution. (Except non-tribal areas in Assam and Tripura, the entirenortheast has been exempted from the Citi-zenship (Amendment) Act).

Residents of other States have to mandato-rily obtain an ILP to visit the protected States.Key Facts

Key Facts As Dimapur district has a mixed population,

it is also known as ‘Mini India’.

Chief of Defence StaffContext : Recently General BipinRawath was ap-

pointed for the post of the Chief of DefenceStaff (CDS).

Explanation :About Chief of Defence Staff CDS will be the single-point military adviser

to the government. CDS is the most seniormilitary officer and military adviser to thePresident.

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Objective behind creation of CDS post To bring about jointness between the Armed

Forces of the country in training, procure-ment, staffing and operations.

To enhance the quality of Military Advice tothe Political leadership through integrationof service inputs.

To develop and foster expertise in militaryaffairs in particular and in defence mattersgenerally.

Role and responsibilities: Act as the Principal Military Adviser to De-

fence minister on tri-Services matters.

CDS will administer tri-services organisa-tions. Their military command, will be withthe Chief of the duly notified service, whichhas a predominant role in functioning of thatspecific tri-service organization. However,Tri-services agencies commands related toCyber and Space will be under the commandof the CDS.

Provide integrated inputs of the Services torelevant authorities. CDS will be member ofDefence Acquisition Council and DefencePlanning Committee.

Bring about jointness in operations, logistics,transport, training, support services, commu-nications, repairs and maintenance, etc. ofthe three Services within three years of thefirst CDS assuming office.

Ensure optimal  utilization  of  infrastru-cture and  rationalize  it.

Enhance the share of indigenous equipment. Evaluate plans for Out of Area Contingen-

cies &  as well  other  contingencies  such  asHumanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief.

Assign inter-Services prioritization to  capitalacquisition proposals based on the antici-pated budget.

Integrate and rationalise international coop-eration plans.

Prepare strategy  papers  on  militarymatters for  consideration  of  the  competentauthority.

Other Service rules: Not eligible to hold any Government office

after demitting the office of CDS. No private employment without prior ap-

proval for a period of five years after demit-ting the office of CDS.

CDS will not exercise any military command,including over the three Service Chiefs.

What was before the CDS? Before CDS, India had an equivalent of CDS

known as the Chairman of Chiefs of StaffCommittee (CoSC), which was recom-mended by the Naresh Chandra Task Forcein2012.

It comprises chiefs of the Army, Navy and theAir Force and the senior-most among themacts as its chairman.

Need for CDS As the senior most among the three Service

Chiefs is appointed as the head of the CoSC,CoSC office lapses with the incumbent’s re-tirement.

The CoSC system is a leftover from the colo-nial era, with only minor changes being car-ried out over the years.

In 2015, then Defence Minister described theCoSC arrangement as unsatisfactoryand saidthat it did not further tri-service integration,resulting in inefficiency and an expensiveduplication of assets.

Arguments against the creation of post of CDS Unlike the United States and other western

militaries, the Indian Services are not an ex-peditionary force. Hence CDS is not neces-sary.

The appointment of a CDS would lead to the-

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atre commands leading to diminution of in-dividual arm of Indian army’s operationalrole.

India’s political establishment is seen as be-ing largely ignorant of security mattersandhence incapable of ensuring that CDS willwork.

Militaries by nature tend to resist transfor-mation such as creation of CDS post.

Background In 2000, a high-level committee, namely

Kargil Review Committee (KRC), set up toexamine the gaps in the country’s securitysystem in the wake of the Kargil War in1999had called for the appointment of a Chiefof Defence Staff.

As a result, the government created the In-tegrated Defence Staff (IDS)in 2002, whichserve as the CDS’s Secretariat. However, over

the past years, this has remained insignifi-cant department within the military estab-lishment.

In 2011, the government set up the 14-member Naresh Chandra  Committee on de-fence and security. The Committee sug-gested a watered-down version of the CDSproposal, in which the Chairman of the Chiefsof Staff Committee (CoSC) in the rank of afour-star officer would have a fixed tenureof two years. He would have more powersthan the Chairman of CoSC.

The CDS is also one of the recommendationsmade by the Lt General Shekatkar Commit-tee (2016).

Anti-hijacking exercise conducted offKochi portContext : The Indian Navy, in collaboration with Indian

Coast Guard, Cochin Port Trust and all otherconcerned stakeholders, conducted a large-scale anti-hijacking exercise, code-namedApharan, off the Port of Kochi. This was thefirst time that such a large scale exercise in-volving all stake holders has been conductedin Kerala.

Explanation :About Apharan exercise Apharan exercise was aimed at streamlining

the response preparedness to thwart any at-tempt by anti-national elements to hijack amerchant vessel or attempt forced entry of arogue/commandeered merchant vessel intothe Kochi harbour.

Need Within the ambit of Coastal Security archi-

tecture, hijacking of a merchant vessel is oneof the challenging scenarios, response towhich requires synergy of resources, assetsand efforts of all stake holders including theState government.

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Pinaka missile system successfullyflight-tested for 2nd dayContext : India’s indigenously developed Pinaka mis-

sile system, which is capable of striking up torange of 75 kilometres, was successfullyflight-tested for the second consecutive day,in a boost to its artillery power.

Explanation :About Pinaka Missile System Pinaka is a multi-barrel rocket launcher

(MBRL) produced in India and developed bythe Defence Research and DevelopmentOrganisation (DRDO) for the Indian Army.

The earlier version of Pinaka system, knownas Mark-I has the maximum range of 40 kmfor Mark-I while the latest version, known asMark-II, has the range of 75 km.

Pinaka Mark-II rocket is modified as amissile by integrating the navigation, controland guidance system to improve the end ac-curacy and enhance the range.

Pinaka missile system was designed to re-place the BM-21 multiple rocket launchersystemof the Indian Army. Mark-I was usedin Kargil War.

The navigation system of the missile is aidedby the Indian Regional Navigation SatelliteSystem (IRNSS).

SSB must ensure borders with friendlynations not misused

context : On a day when several cities witnessed wide-

spread protests against the Citizenship(Amendment) Act (CAA), Union Home Minis-ter said that the SashastraSeemaBal (SSB)must ensure that India’s borders with friendlyneighbours are not misused for activitiesagainst the country.

Explanation :About SashastraSeemaBal (SSB) SashastraSeemaBal (SSB) is one of India’s

Central Armed Police Forces, under the ad-ministrative control of the Ministry of HomeAffairs.

It is the first central paramilitary force thatincluded women in its ranks.

Background SSB was declared as a Border Guarding

Force in  2001  and  renamed  as‘SashastraSeemaBal’ in 2003.

SSB was set up in 1963, after the Sino-Indianwar to achieve security preparedness in theremote border areas.

SSB was started in North Assam, North Ben-gal, hill districts of Uttar Pradesh (nowUttarakhand), Himachal Pradesh, part ofPunjab and Ladakh. Later, it was extended toManipur, Tripura, Jammu, Meghalaya, Sikkim,Rajasthan, South Bengal, Nagaland andMizoram.

Duties of SSB Safeguard the security of assigned borders

of India

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Prevent trans-border crimes, smuggling andany other illegal activities

Carry out civic action programme in the areaof responsibility

Perform any other duty assigned by the Cen-tral Government (SSB is being deployed forLaw & Order, Counter Insurgency Operationsand Election duty)

Army to sign deal for six Apache attackhelicoptersContext : The deal for six AH-64E Apache attack heli-

copters for the Indian Army is likely to besigned early next year. These are in additionto 22 Apaches being inducted by the IndianAir Force (IAF).

Explanation : The AH-64E Apache, made by US, is world’s

most advanced multi-role combat helicop-ters.

For buying 22 Apaches, India is exercising theoptional clause in the original deal of theForeign Military Sales (FMS) programme.

FMS is the U.S. Government’s program fortransferring defense articles, services, andtraining to international partners.

Key Facts India is the 14th country  in  the world to  be

operating the Apache attack helicopters. In 1954, Indian air force inducted Sikorsky S-

55 multi-purpose helicopter made by US.