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CURRENT BORDER SECURITY ISSUES

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INDONESIA

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INDONESIA

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Seas: Ten (10) neighbouring / bordering countries (Australia, the Phillipines, Singapore, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodge, Thailand, Myanmar.

Land:

Four neighbouring / bordering countries (Timor Leste, Malaysia, Brunei Darrusalam, Papua New Guinea)

INDONESIA

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INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGO CHALLENGES

• Geographics• Natural Resources• Socio-economic• Politics• Population• Cultural• Prosperity Levels / Relative Poverty• Basic Social Structures• Lack of Infrastructures• Education, Science and Technology

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• Area : ocean = 5.8 million km2

land = 1.9 million km2

• 81.000 km coastline and the world’s largest archipelago

• 17.504 islands• 85.700 km2 of coral reef area • 24.300 km2 of mangrove area • 20% of the Indonesian’s GDP is derived from

marine and fishery industries • 60% of Indonesian population live within 50 km

of the coast

Indonesian Marine and Coastal Condition

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Issues

• Marine affairs, coastal regions and small islands contribution to the economic growth

• Sustainability threatened due to:– High dependency on coastal and marine

resources – Over-exploitation– Habitat change and degradation– Pollution– Spatial planning and conflict of interests– Poverty

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• DJOEANDA DECLARATION OF DECEMBER 13, 1957

• UNCLOS 1982 The acceptance of the concept of the Archipelagic Nation the ratification : UU No. 17/1985

Indonesia as an Archipelagic Nation

The Indonesian constitution/1945 constitution (amandment) article 25A,Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia adalah sebuah negara yang berciri nusantara dengan wilayah yang batas-batas ditetapkan dengan undang-undang

The functions of oceans:• To integrate the Indonesian areas.• As media of transportation.• Contain large deposit of marine resources• To provide defense and security.• To provide services and research, and environmental conservation.

Background of Long-Term Development Plan for Marine Affairs and Coasts

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Challenges

• To optimize coastal, marine, and small island resources for transportation, fishery, tourism, mining, maritime industry, marine building, and other marine services.

• To enhance human capacity, research, science and technology in marine affairs

• To manage the boundary areas as the outer limit of the territorial seas, including small islands at the borders

• To develop surveillance system for marine resources • To improve the political support and all stakeholders’

support.

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Integrity of the Archipelago

Management of territorial waters and lands which relates to the integrity of Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia

Absence of institutions and infrastructures that monitor, control and manage all aspects of the territory and borders, at both the national or regional levels

NATIONAL SECURITY

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BORDER CONTROL • Integrity of Indonesia as a nation and state• Absence of strong, or no institutions, national or

regional, able to control, manage, protect and defend the inner and outer boundaries of the archipelagic islands (17,000 islands, 80,000 km shore line, 5,000,000 sqkm area, 70% water

• Institutions include defense (navy, air force and land forces), law and order (police, immigration, customs, search-and-rescue), port & harbour authorities, shipping operators, satellite imaging and electronic monitoring

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ISSUES• Problems of stipulating border lines with neighbouring

countries either at continent or sea• Inaccuracy of marine charts• Illegal fishing• Illegal logging• Illegal traditional or non-traditional border crossing• Illicit drugs • Human Trafficking• Smuggling• Arms smuggling• Armed robbery against ships

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Integrating Marine, Coastal and Small Island Issues

State Ministry of Planning/National Development Planning Agency(BAPPENAS)

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• Area : ocean = 5.8 million km2

land = 1.9 million km2

• 81.000 km coastline and the world’s largest archipelago

• 17.504 islands• 85.700 km2 of coral reef area • 24.300 km2 of mangrove area • 20% of the Indonesian’s GDP is derived from

marine and fishery industries • 60% of Indonesian population live within 50 km

of the coast

Indonesian Marine and Coastal Condition

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Issues

• Marine affairs, coasts and small islands contribute to the economic growth

• Their sustainability is threatened due to:– High dependency on coastal and marine

resources – Over-exploitation– Habitat change and degradation– Pollution– Spatial planning and conflict of interests– Poverty

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VISIONMaritime Nation

MISSION1.To exist as a nation based on the philosophy of Pancasila2.To create nation with competitiveness3.To create democratic, law based community 4.To create Indonesia which is secure, peaceful and united5.To create equity and fairness in development 6.To create Indonesia that is beautiful and sustainable 7.To create Indonesia to become an archipelagic nation which Is

independent, strong, and based on national strategic importance 8.To create the important role of Indonesia in the international society

ASSETS• Indonesian territory (as archipelagic states)• Rich natural resources including biodiversity • Human resources with diverse cultures • Democratization of politics, economy, and

decentralization

Assets, Vision, and Mission

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Assets, Vision, and Mission

ASSETS

Archipelagic State

Natural Resources

Human Resources

VISION

A resilient nation, secure, peaceful and united

MISSION

The development of a sustained strategic capability in partnership with other nations in a globalized world

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Challenges• To utilize marine resources optimally in territorial seas, EEZ

and open sea.• To optimize coastal, marine, and small island resources for

transportation, fishery, tourism, mining, maritime industry, marine building, and other marine services.

• To enhance human capacity, research, science and technology in maritime affairs

• To manage the boundary areas as the outer limit of the territorial seas, including small islands at the borders

• To develop surveillance system for marine resources • To improve and secure the political support and all

stakeholders’ support.

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Mission

The core missions:• Generating the marine culture through education and

awareness• Increasing and strengthening the role of human

resources in marine affairs• Securing the Indonesian marine boundary and assets• Protecting Indonesian jurisdiction and assets• Developing the synergetic, optimum and sustainable

maritime industry and business• Reducing the impacts of coastal disasters and marine

pollution • Increasing the welfare of the coastal people

”To create Indonesia to become an archipelagic nation which is independent, strong, and based on national importance”

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Main Programs for Marine Affairs and Coasts

• Development and Management of Marine Resources

• Protection and Conservation of Natural Resources

• Rehabilitation and Restoration of Natural Resource Reserves• Environmental Pollution and Degradation

Control