Cultures and MagicUnit Handbook

SC1062C2010/11

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CONTENTS:1. Module IntroductionWhy study Cultures and Magic? 3 Module aims Learning Outcomes 3

2. The Essentials 3

Contacts 3

Teaching Pattern 4Senda and Additional Academic Support 5

3. Deadlines and Assignments in Brief 5

4. Weekly Programme 6

5. The Seminars 9

6. The Assessments 9 a. The Diagnostic Essay 9

b. The Short Essay

c. the Exam 12

7. Reading Lists 13

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1. Module Introduction

Why study Cultures and Magic?

MODULE AIMS: This course aims to provide a critical overview of how

social anthropologists have approached the study of cultures and societies.

This course also aims to highlight the popularity of studying aspects of culture

that possess an ‘other’ worldly or ‘magical’ dimension. The overall aim is to

urge students to understand the problems associated with the study of cultures

whose cosmologies clash with the secular scientific approach of western

societies.

LEARNING OUTCOMES: To understand the different ways in which anthropologists have

approached the study of culture through a focus on ‘magic’. To understand the importance of gendered analysis.

Conduct theoretical critiques of relevant ethnographic case studies. Show understanding of cultures other than your own. Show the ability to critically analyse academic material.

2. THE ESSENTIALS

Contacts

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For general enquiries relating to the module contact Tamsin Bradley.

Lecturer and Seminar Tutor: Dr Tamsin Bradley Tel: 0207 320 1040 Email: t.bradley@londonmet.ac.ukOffice: CSG05Office hours: Tuesdays 2-3Department Administrator: Rita EdmondsTel: 0207 320 1040Email: rita.edmond@londonmet.ac.uk

Teaching PatternThe teaching format will consist of Lectures and Seminars, both conducted by myself. I will also be available to discuss issues related to the course on an individual basis. To ensure an appointment advance booking is required this should be done by emailing me.

MondaysLecture 2-3Seminar 3-4

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SENDA and Additional Academic SupportThis university is committed to meeting the needs of its disabled students. All students are entitled to access the curriculum on a level playing field with their peers. If there are any adjustments to either teaching or assessment practices that you require because of a disability or specific learning difficulty you must inform the Lecturer. All information that you disclose about yourself is confidential. If you recognise a particular area of academic weakness and feel you need some support in enhancing your academic abilities the Learning Development Unit runs a number of voluntary courses on a range of academic skills. For more information contact the Learning Development Unit (LDU) Departmental Office:City: Pam Dorrington: LDU Receptionist, Calcutta House, CM222.

Tel: 1125 (external: 0207 320 1125)E-mail: p.dorrington@londonmet.ac.uk

3. Deadlines and assignments in brief

This is an overview of the assignment deadlines and exam requirement that must be completed to pass this module. Full details of how to do well in these assignments are located later in this book.

Please be aware that the university has introduced very strict regulations in regard to work submitted late and the ‘mitigating circumstances’ process. The module is assessed by the following means:

20% Diagnostic study (1200 – 1500 words) due week 6.

40% Short essay (1500 words) due week 12.40% Unseen exam= 100% Note: ALL assignments must be completed to pass

this module.

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4. Weekly programme:

This module is taught in an hour long weekly Lecture and an hour long weekly Seminar. The topics, essential reading and learning outcomes for each week are given in the table below:

Lecture Topics and Learning Objectives

Essential Reading

Week 1. Why cultures and Magic?

Orientation of module.

Please read through course handbook.

Week 2. Religion, Culture and the Environment

To identify key themes in anthropology.

To understand the link between religion, culture and the environment.

To understand what is meant by the term ‘cosmology’.

Chapter 5 ‘religion culture and the environment’, in Bowie, F 2000. The Anthropology of Religion: An Introduction. London: Blackwells.

WEEK 3 CHOOSING YOUR ETHNOGRAPHY

NO TAUGHT CLASS THIS WEEK

READ CHOSEN ETHNOGRAPHY FOR DIAGNOSTIC ESSAY

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Week 3. Witchcraft Part I

To appreciate the different meanings associated with witchcraft cross culturally.

To understand the cosmologies on which witchcraft beliefs rest.

To appropriate the gendered nature of witchcraft.

Chapter 8 ‘Witchcraft and the Evil Eye’, in Bowie, F 2000. The Anthropology of Religion: An Introduction. London: Blackwells.

Week 4. Witchcraft Part II: Witchcraft in the West

To appreciate how witchcraft has been used in the west to conjure negative and harmful ideologies.

To appreciate the relationship between witchcraft and paganism.

To appreciate the positive ways in witchcraft is experienced and practiced today. E.g. Exploration into the term ‘white witch’.

P129-137 Chapter 5 ‘religion culture and the environment’, in Bowie, F. 2000. The Anthropology of Religion: An Introduction. London: Blackwells.

Week 5. Mythology, Gender and the Body

To examine how culture is gendered.

To understand the link between Myth, gender and the body.

To reflect upon what implications culture may have for the daily lives of men and women.

Week 6. Shamanism Part I

To appreciate the different ways in

Chapter 7 ‘Shamanism’, in Bowie, F 2000. The Anthropology of Religion: An Introduction. London: Blackwells.

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which shamanism has been studied.

To examine the motivations for western fascination with shamanism.

Week 7. Purity and Pollution Symbolism

To examine how purity and pollution symbolism has been used cross-culturally to influence human behaviour.

To understand the how this symbolism is gendered.

Diagnostic Essay Due

Chapter 3 ‘Maintaining and Transforming Boundaries: the Politics of Religious Identity’, in Bowie, F 2000. The Anthropology of Religion: An Introduction. London: Blackwells.

Week 8. Healing Rituals and Spirit Possession

To examine the link between healing and spirit possession.

To examine different approaches to healing and their related cosmologies.

What functions do these rituals fulfil?

Pages 35-40, 41-48 in Bradley, T. 2007. The Relationships Between Religion and Development: Views from Anthropology. Birmingham: Religion and Development Research Programme.

Week 9. Shamanism Part II

To critically analyses western research/experience of shamanism.

Same as week 6

Week 11. Summary of courseWeek 12: Essay Due, exam advice and revision

5: The SeminarsThe seminars will combine discussions around the key questions arising from the lecture, and essential reading. Students will be asked to lead a seminar by either by introducing relevant DVD footage or by presenting a directed reading (the essential reading for that week). Guidance on academic skills and the assessments will also be given.

6: The AssessmentsThe following pages explore in detail how students can do well in the assignments. Please read the information carefully.

a. Diagnostic Essay(1500 including references, bibliography)

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Deadline: Friday week 6 by 5PM

If students want drafts to be looked over they must be submitted as email attachment no later than Friday of week 5.

This essay requires you to choose one ethnographic text. This will be a single authored book (monograph) written by an anthropologist. A list of possible books are given in the reading list section under the heading ‘ethnographies’. You may choose a volume you have already looked at as part of ‘Introduction to Social Anthropology’ or may select one that ties into a theme we have or will cover in this course. You must read the volume and write a critical review of it. The following questions/topics are designed to help frame your essay:

1. Can you give some background information into the work and life of the author? Where did they study? Are they well known for pioneering a specific approach? Where did they do most of their research? Can you list some of their work in addition to the volume you have chosen?

2. What attracted you to this volume?

3. How is the volume structured?

4. What approach did the anthropologists take in their research? How long did they spend doing fieldwork? What do they say about their field work experiences? Did they encounter any problems?

5. What are the main findings presented in the volume?

6. What do you think is the main contribution made by this volume?

7. What do other people say about this volume? Is it well regarded or have people been critical? Can you see any problems in the work? Are there any issues that the anthropologist has missed out?

8. What comments can you make about the style of writing?

In addition to your chosen volume you may need to find sources that:

Offer background information about your anthropologists. You might find one of the texts listed in the section ‘Introductory Texts’ helpful.

Sources written on a similar topic.

Sources written directly in response to the volume.

B. Short Essay

Essay Questions: Choose one from the list below

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1. Assess the contribution Evans Pritchard has made to anthropology.

2. Compare and contrast ‘witchcraft’ and ‘shamanism’.

3. What is the link between witchcraft and paganism?

4. Do you agree with Ortner’s statement that female is to male as nature is to culture?

5. Compare and contrast two cosmologies.

6. How are women’s lives affected by purity and pollution symbolism?

7. What links can be made between healing rituals and human behaviour?

8. What is spirit possession and how does it impact on social relations?

9. What is the link between witchcraft, misfortune and power?

10. ‘Bio-medicine seeks to undermine traditional healing practices’. Discuss

WARNING: Marks may be deducted for work significantly below the minimum or above the maximum word-count.

Advice on Sources:

Your essays must draw upon source evidence in order to strengthen arguments and tie in your observations with existing understandings. For this exercise, therefore, several potential sources will be useful. You should aim to use 5 sources. These sources should be a selection of different types of research e.g. textbook, single authored monograph, journal article, chapter in an edited volume. All sources must be referenced both in the main text and also in the bibliography at the end.

How to construct a good answer: things to bear in mind

The assignment is your opportunity to show that you understand the core material on which this module is based, and can implement, study skills and academic practices. Since it is likely to be the first essay you write at university see it as an opportunity to gage you current academic level and to find out what is expected of you as a degree level student. In other words, the process of producing your first essay will be a sharp learning curve. However it should be an experience from which you can acquire some basic academic tools which you will use throughout your course.

The assignment will provide a focus for you to show how you have attempted to develop your own appreciation of the topic addressed throughout the course and must not simply regurgitate what the lecturer has told you in the lectures and seminars.

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Remember the importance attached to analysis and evaluation at university-level study: don’t simply present information in an uncritical way, but ‘critically analyse’ the material you chose to use.

Remember, in your essay you should:

… think carefully about the best structural approach to adopt. There is no single correct approach, but you must think in terms of ‘What is the most logical way in which I can systematically address everything that needs to be discussed in order to fully answer the question?’

… write in academic English, with carefully considered sentences; the use of bullet-points should be kept to a minimum, and used only when absolutely necessary. Instead, effort should be made to construct clear, well-written sentences.

… reference your work consistently and thoroughly, including page references where such exist, and full web-pathway information for internet sources. Guidance on referencing technique will be covered in the classes.

… try to minimise using ‘I’ or ‘my’ in referring to yourself or your opinions in your work. Instead, refer to yourself dispassionately, as, for example, ‘this member of the group’, ‘the present writer’, ‘the author’, etc. Even quite personal work such as this does not actually need to use ‘I’ at all, without compromising your observations. Guidance will be given in classes on how to write academically and in the ‘third person’, as it is called. Use ‘we’ sparingly and only when addressing yourself and the reader. When referring to your group, use ‘the group’ rather than ‘we’.Marking criteria for the Written Assignments

Understanding the question, concepts and theories involved.

Structure/Planning: sensible, systematic, and logical communication of ideas and themes, with clear and purposeful Introduction: Main section: Conclusion.

Research: recourse to an appropriate level of relevant source material.

Focus/Coverage: full and coherent answering of the question; no ‘waffle’: avoiding discussion of a too general or irrelevant nature.

Use of sources: to build and sustain effective and consistent arguments.

Grammar and Written style: command of written English language.

Critical analysis: synthesis-analysis- evaluation of evidence, comparing and contrasting where appropriate.

Academic English: grasp of academic writing style and technique. A considered, impartial approach mirrored by an impartial and considered written style.

Referencing/Bibliography: thorough and systematic, in accepted style.

‘Flow’ and ‘signposting’: sensible linking and explanatory passages to ensure understanding and ‘readability’.

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Consistency: in quality of written work and arguments being made; identifying and, where possible, resolving problems.

Presentation/style: how well have you presented your findings; does the work look good and read well?

WARNING: HAND-WRITTEN WORK IS NOT DEEMED SATISFACTORY FOR SUBMISSION. ALL WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS MUST BE WORD-PROCESSED, AND PRESENTED IN A PLASTIC SLIP OR FOLDER.

C. ExamThe exam will consist of a list of ten unseen questions. You must choose TWO and answer them as fully as possible in two hours. Below are some sample papers.

Sample Exam Paper 1 Answer two of the following questions.

1. Assess the contribution Evans Pritchard has made to anthropology.

2. Why have the themes of ‘myth’, ‘symbolism’ and ‘ritual’ been popular with anthropologists?

3. What is ‘ethnography’?

4. Why are anthropologists accused of exerting ‘authority’ over their research subjects?

5. With an example describe a gendered approach to anthropology.

6. How possible is it for an anthropologist to participate in the lives of his/her research subjects?

7. Present a critical analysis of the research of one anthropologist.

8. How has anthropology been put to practical use?

9.What is the link between witchcraft, misfortune and power?

10. ‘Anthropologists have a unique contribution to make to development practice’. Discuss

Sample Exam Paper 2.

Answer TWO of the following questions:

1. Unpack the following quote; ‘That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society’.

2. Why do contemporary anthropologists no longer study 'Primitive' People?

3. Critically discuss the phrase ‘functionalists are concerned with what people do rather than understanding why they do it’.

4. Why is the term ‘Cultural Relativism’ so important to anthropologists?

5. Outline two ways in which anthropology has applied itself.

6. What do anthropologists do in the ‘field’?

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7. Why do feminist anthropologists believe gender is so important?

8. What do anthropologists ‘claim to know?’

9. How do anthropologists think religion impacts on culture and society?

10. ‘Magic helps people explain misfortune’ discuss in relation to either shamanism or witchcraft.

8. READING LISTS

You are expected to read at least one of the listed pieces of essential reading given each week. IT IS VITAL that you keep up with the reading this course builds on concepts and ideas each week. You cannot develop your overall understanding of the subject matter unless you consistently read and engage with each week’s topic.

Books to Buy:There is no need to buy any books. If you are well organised and think in advance you can find all the sources you need in the library and by taking advantage of the reading packs and internet journals. However, if you do wish to buy a book the following is used frequently as essential reading and forms the foundation of the course.

Bowie, F. 2000. The Anthropology of Religion. Oxford: Blackwells.

Further Reading:Below are lists of further reading. The lists are organised according to subject.

Subject Librarian:Indira Malik Calcutta House ex1187 i.malik@londonmet.ac.uk

Library KeyCH: Calcutta House CR: Comercial Road WL: Women’s Library

WLRR: Women’s Library Reading Room HR: Holloway Road

LH: Labroke House

Overview/Introductory Texts to Social Anthropology

Barnard, A & J. Spencer. 1996. Encyclopaedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology. London: Routledge HR 306.03 ENC

Barnard, A. 2000. History and Theory in Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CH 301.01 BAR

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Bloch, M. 1975. Marxist Analyses and Social Anthropology. London: Malaby. CH 306 NEW

Bloch, M. 1983. Marxism and Anthropology: The History of a Relationship. Oxford: Clarendon. CH306 BLO

Bock, P. 1979. Modern Cultural Anthropology: an Introduction. NY: Knopf LH 306 BOC

Cheater, A. 1991. Social Anthropology. London: Routledge. CH 306 CHE

Clifford, J. 1988. The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth Century Ethnography, Literature and Art. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Crehan, K 2002. Gramsci, Culture and Anthropology. London: Pluto Press HR 301.01 CRE

Hendry, J. 1999. An Introduction to Social Anthropology: Other People’s Worlds. Basingstoke: Macmillan. CH 306 HEN.

Hick, D & M. Gwynne. 1996. Cultural Anthropology. NY: Harper Collins CH 306 HIC

Hunter, D.ed. 1976. Encyclopaedia of Anthropology. London: Harper Row. CH 306.03 ENC

Ingold, T. ed. 1994. Companion Encyclopaedia of Anthropology. London: Routledge. HR 306.03 COM

Hendry, J. 1999. An Introduction to Social Anthropology: Other People’s Worlds.

Seymour-Smith, C. 1986. Macmillan Dictionary of Anthropology. London: Macmillan Reference CH301.03SEY

Religion and Culture

Alexander, C. 2005. Making Race matter: Bodies, Space and Identity. NY: Palgrave. Black, P. 2004. The beauty Industry: Gender, Culture, Pleasure. London: Routledge.

Bordo, S. 2003. Unbearable Weight: Feminism, western culture and the body. Berekely: University of California Press.

Craik, J. 2005. Uniforms Exposed: from conformity to Transgression. Oxford: Berg.

Crapo, R. H. 2003. Anthropology of Religion: The Unity and Diversity of Religions. London: McGraw Hill.

Edwards, T. 2006. Cultures of Masculinity. London: Routledge.

Glazier, S. ed. 1997. Anthropology of Religion: A Handbook. London: Greenwood Press.

Holland, S. 2004. Alternative Femininities, body, age and identity. Oxford: Berg

Jeffereys, S. 2005. Beatuty and Misogyny: harmful Cultural Practices in the West. London: Routledge.

Shillings, C. 2005. The Body in Culture, Technology and Society. London: Sage.

Initiation Rites and RitualsBell, C. 1997. Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Bourdieu, P. 1977. The Logic of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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Douglas, M. 1975. Implicit Meanings: Essays in Anthropology. London: Routledge. CH 306 DOU

Fox, R. 1983. Kinship and Marriage: An Anthropological Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. HR 306.83 FOX

Geertz, C. 1975. The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays by Clifford Geertz. London: Lawrence and Wishart.

Good, A. 1991. The Female Bridegroom: A Comparative Study of Life Crisis Rituals in Sri Lanka.. Oxford: Calredon. HR 392.0954 GOD

Koso-Thomas, O. 1987. Circumcision of women: a strategy for eradication. London: Zed Books.

Lutkenhas, N. 1995. Gender Rituals: Female Initiation in Melanesia. NY: Routledge.

Mayled, J. 1986. Initiation Rites. Hove: Wayland.

Richards, A. 1982. Chisungu: A girls Initiation ceremony among the Bemba of Zambia. NY: Tavistock.

Witchcraft, Shamanism, Illness and Misfortune and Traditional Healing PracticesBalzer, M, M. ed. 1997. Shamanic Worlds: Rituals and Love of Siberia and Central Asia. NY and London: North Castle Books.

Castaneda, C. 1976. The Teachings of Don Juan: a Yaqui Way of Knowledge. Harmonsworth: Penguin.

Castaneda, M. 1996. A Magical Journey with Carols Castaneda. NY: Book World Press.

Casteneda, C. 1990. Journey to istlan: The Lessons of Don Juan. London: Arckana. HR 291.62 CAS

Drury, N. 1992. The Elements of Shamanism. Shaftesbury: Element Books.

Drury, N. 2004. Magic and Witchcraft from Shamanism to the technopagans. London: Thames and Hudson. CR 133.409 DRU

Eliade, M 1988. Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy. London: Penguin. CR 291.62.ELI

Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1972. Theories of Primitive Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Glazier, S, D. ed. 1997 Anthropology of Religion: a Handbook: Part IV: Shamanism and Religious Consciousness. Westport and London: Greenwood Press.

Grim, J. 1987. The Shaman: Patterns of Religious Healing Among the Ojibway Indians. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press.

Halifax, J. 1990. Shaman the Wounded Healer. London: Thames & Hudson.

Harner, M. 1990. The Way of the Shaman. NY: Harper Collins.

Kendall, C. 1985. Shamans, Housewives and other Restless Spirits Women in Korean Ritual Life. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Women’s Library Reading Room 299.57 KEN

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Lewis, L. M. 1971. Ecstatic Religion: An Anthropological Study of Spirit Possession and Shamanism. Harmonsworth: Penguin. CH 306.6 LEW

Matthews, J. 1991. The Celtic Shaman: A Handbook. Shaftesbury: Element CR 299.16 MAT.

Taussig, M. 1986. Shamanism, Colonialism and the Wild Man: A Study in Terror and Healing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. HR 291.62 TAU

Tucker, M. 1992. Dreaming with Open Eyes: The Shamanic Spirit in Twentiteth Century Art and Culture. San Franscesco: Harper. CR 291.62 TUC

Cunningham, G. 1999. Religion and Magic: Approaches and Theories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Douglas, M. ed. 1970. Witchcraft Confessions and Accusations. London: Tavistock

Evans Pritchard, E. E. 1976. Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande. Oxford: Claredon Press

Frazer, J. G. 1963. The Golden Bough: a Study in Magic and Religion. London: Macmillan. CH291.12 FRA

Kapfere, B. 1991. A Celebration of Demons: Exorcism and the Aesthetics of Healing in Sri Lanka. Oxford: Berg. CR 133.427095493 KAP

Levi-Strauss, C. 1963. Structural Anthropology. New York: Basic Books. CH 306 LEV

Murray, M. 1921. The Witch-cult in Western Europe: A Study in Anthropology. Oxford: Claredon Press. WLRR 291.33

Parsons, A. 1969. Belief Magic and Anomie: Essays in Psychosocial Anthropology. NY: Free Press CH 362.2042 PAR

Radcliffe -Brown, A.R. 1952. Structure and Function in Primitive Society Essays and Addresses. London: Routledge CH306 RAD

Stoller, P and Oates, C.1987. In Sorcery's Shadow: A Memoir of Apprenticeship Among the Songhay of Niger. Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press.

Thomas, K. 1971. Religion and the Decline of Magic. London: Weidenfield and Nicholson.

Anthropology and Development

Burghart, R. 1993. ‘His Lordship at the Cobblers Well’, in Hobart, M., ed. An Anthropological Critique of Development: The Growth of Ignorance. London: Routledge.

Chant, S & C. Mcllwaine. 1995. Women of a Lesser Coat: Female Labour, Foreign Exchange and Phillippine Development. London: Pluto Press. CH 331. 409599 CHA

Cochrane, G., ed. 1976. What We Can Do For Each Other? An Inter- disciplinary Approach to Development Anthropology. Amsterdam: B.R. Gruner.

Cochrane, G. 1971. Development Anthropology. New York: Oxford University Press.Crewe, E and E. Harrison. 2000. Whose Development? An Ethnography of Aid. London and New York: Zed Books.

Edelman, M & A. Hangerud. 2005. The Anthropology of Development and Globalisations: From Classical Political Economy to Contemporary Neo Liberalism. Cambridge: Blackwells.

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Epstein, T.S. 1984: ‘Development Anthropology in Project Implementation’, in Partridge, W.L., ed. Training Manual in Development Anthropology. Washington D.C: American Anthropological Society.

Gardener, K. 1995. Global Migrants Local Lives: Travel and Transformation in Rural Bangladesh. Oxford: Oxford University Press. HR S Asia 304.8095492 GAR

Grillo, R. and A, Rew., eds. Social Anthropology and Development Policy (ASA Monographs 23). London: Tavistock Place.

Grillo, R.D an R, L. Stirrat.., eds. 1997. Discourses on Development: Anthropological Perspectives. Oxford: Berg.

Hobart, M., ed. 1993. An Anthropological Critique of Development: The Growth of Ignorance. New York: Oxford University Press.

Loker, M. ed. 1998. Globalization and the Rural Poor in Latin America.. Boulder: Colo: Lynne Rienner. CH 305.569098

Mair, L. 1984. Anthropology and Development. London: Macmillan. CH303.44MAI

Pottier, J., ed. 1993. Practising Development: Social Science Perspectives. London: Routledge. Pottier, J., A, Bicker and P, Stilloe., eds. 2003. Negotiating Local Knowledge: Power and Identity in Development. London: Pluto Press.

Richards, P. 1993. 'Cultivation: Knowledge or Performance?' in Hobart, M., ed. An Anthropological Critique of Development: The Growth of Ignorance. London: Routledge.

Roberston, A, F. 1984. The People and the State: An Anthropology of Planned Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Stilloe, P, A and J, Pottier., eds. 2002. Participating in Development: Approaches to Indigenous Knowledge. London: Routledge.

Stirrat, R, L. and H, Henkel. 1997. ‘The Development Gift: The Problem of Reciprocity in the NGO World’, Annals of The American Academy of Political and Social Science 554: 66-80.

Van Willigen, J. 1993. Applied Anthropology and Introduction. HR 306.072 VAN

Anthropology and GenderDelvalle, T. ed. 1993. Gendered Anthropology. London: Routledge. CH 305. 3 GEN Di Leonardo, M., ed. 1991. Gender at the Crossroads of Knowledge: Feminist Anthropology in the Post-modern Era. London: Macmillan. HR 305.42 GEN

Douglas, M. 1996. Purity and Danger An Analysis of the Concepts of pollution and Taboo. London and New York: Routledge. CR 306 DOU

Errington, F. 1987. Cultural Alternatives and a Feminist Anthropology: An Analysis of Culturally Constructed Gendered Interests in Papua New Guinea. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CH305.30899912ERR

Gilmoore, D. 1990. Manhood in the Making: Cultural Concepts of Masculinity. London: Yale University Press. HR 305.31 GIL

Hongan, S. 1988. Nature and Culture in Western Discourses. London: Routledge. HR 306 HON

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Lamphere, L, h. Ragone and P. Zavella. 1997. Situated Lives: gender and Culture in Everyday Life. New York: Routledge. WLRR 305.3 SIT REF ONLY

MacCormack, C and Strathern, M., eds. 1980. Nature, Culture and Gender. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

MacClaurin, I. ed. 2001. Black Feminist Anthropology: Theory and Politics, Praxis and Poetics. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. WLRR 301.08208936

Moore, H. 1988. Feminism and Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. WL 301 MOO

Moore, H. 1986. A Passion For Difference. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ortner, S. and Whitehead, H., eds. 1981. Sexual Meanings: The Cultural Construction of Gender and Sexuality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Reiter, R. 1975. Towards an Anthropology of Women. NY: Monthly Review Press. CH 305.42 TOW

Rosaldo, M. and Lamphere, L. 1974. Women, Culture and Society. California: Stanford University Press.

Schick, I .C. 1990. ‘Representing Middle Eastern Women: Feminism and Colonial Discourse’, Feminist Studies 16 (2): 345-80.

Warren, C. 1988. Gender Issues in Field Research. California: Sage Publications.

Mothering and ReproductionBassin, D. ed. 1994. Representations of Motherhood. New haven: Yale University Press.

Chodorow, N. 1978. The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Chodorow, N. The Reproduction of Mothering. WL Offprint

Diquinzio, P. 1985. The Impossibility of Motherhood: Feminism, Individualism and the Problem of Mothering. New York: Routledge.

Lawler, S. 2000. Mothering the Self: Mothers, Daughters, Subjects. London: Routledge.

Nakano, E. 1994. Mothering, Ideology, Experience and Agency. London: Routledge.

Silva, E. 1996. Good Enough Mothering? Feminist Perspective on Lone Mothering. London: Routledge.

Trebilcot, J. 1983. Mothering: Essays in Feminist Theory. Totowa, Rowman and Allanheld.

Van Merns, J. ed. 1993. Daughtering and Mothering. London: Routledge.

Producing an EthnographyAppadurai, A. 1988. 'Introduction: place and Voice in Anthropology', Cultural Anthropology 31:16-20.

Asad, T . 1986. 'The Concept of Cultural Translation', in J. Clifford and G. E. Marcus., eds. Writing Culture: the Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley: University of California Press.

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1987. ‘Are There Histories Without People? A review article’, Society for Comparative Society and History: 594-97.

Chatterjee, P. 2002. ‘Ethnographic Acts Writing Women and Other Political Fields’, in Saunders, K., ed. Feminist Post-Development Thought Rethinking Modernity Post-Colonialism and Representation. London: Zed Books.

Clifford, J. and Marcus, G., eds. 1986. Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Davies, C. 1999. Reflexive Ethnography: A Guide to Researching selves and others. London: Routledge. CH 305.800723 DAV

Emerson, R. 1983. Contemporary Field Research: A Collection of Readings. Boston: Little Brown CH301.072CON

Geertz, C. 1993. Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretative Anthropology. London: Fontana Press. HR 306 GEE CH 306 GEE

Freeman, D. 1983. Margaret Mead and Samoa: The Making of an Anthropological Myth. London: Harvard University Press. CH 305.235099613 FRE

Finnegan, R. 2003. ‘Anonymity and Pseudonyms’, in Anthropology Today Apr 19 (2). Cambridge: Blackwells.

Hobart, M. 1996. 'Ethnography as a Practice, or on the Unimportance of Penguins', Europaea II-1:3-36.

Knott, K. 1995. ‘Women, Researching, Women Researched: Gender as an Issue in the Empirical Study of Religion’, in

Spencer, J. 1989. ‘Anthropology as a Kind of Writing’, MAN 24 (1):45-64.

Spradley, J. 1980. Participant Observation. Fortworth: Harcourt Brace CH 306.072 SPR

Spradley, J. 1979. The Ethnographic Interview. Belmont Calif: Wadsworth Thompson Learning CH306.072 SPR Wolcott, H. 2001. Writing up Qualitative Research. London: Sage Publications CH 808.02 WOL

Ethnographies

Abu-Lughod, L. 1988. Veiled Sentiments: Honor and Poetry in Beduion Society. Oxford, Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press.

1993. Writing Women’s Worlds. Oxford, Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Appadurai, A. 1986. The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press CR306.0SOC

Bailey, F.G. 1958. Caste and the Economic Frontier: A Village in Highland Orissa. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Barley, N. 1983. The Innocent Anthropologist Notes From A Mud Hut. London: Penguin Books.

Barnett, H.G. 1956. Anthropology and Administration. IL: Row, Peterson and Company.

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Bennett, L. 1983. Dangerous Wives and Sacred Sisters Social and Symbolic Roles of High Caste Women in Nepal. New York: Columbia University Press.

Berg, C. 1995. The Unconscious Significance of Hair. London: Allen and Unwin.

Beyer, S. 1973. The Cult of Tara. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Bryan, D. 2000. Orange Parades: The Politics of Ritual Tradition and Control. London: Pluto Press HR 320.5409416 BRY

Caldwell, S. 1999. Oh Terrifying Mother Sexuality, Violence and Worship of the Goddess Kali. Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Castairs, M. 1957. The Twice Born: A Study of a Community of High Caste Hindus. London: Hogarth.

Davis, J. 1977. People of the Mediterranean: An Essay in Comparative Social Anthropology. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Douglas, M. 1980. The World of Goods: Towards an Anthropology of Consumption. Harmonsworth: Penguin. CR 306.3 DOU

Evans-Pritchard, E. 1971. The Azande: History and Political Institutions. Oxford: Claredon Press.

Fox, R. 1983. Kinship and Marriage: An Anthropological Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. HR 306.83 FOX

Gale, F.ed. 1978. Women’s Role in Aboriginal Society. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. WLRR 305.4889915

Gillborn, D. 1995. Racism and Antiracism in Real Schools: Theory, Policy, Practice. London: Routledge

Gilmoore, D. 1987., ed. Honor and Shame and the Unity of the Mediterranean. A special publication of the American Anthropology Association.

1990. Manhood in the Making: Cultural Concepts of Masculinity. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Gold, A. and G. Raheja 1994. Listen To The Heron's Words. Reimagining Gender and Kinship in North India. California: University of California Press.

Gold, A. 1989. Fruitful Journeys the Ways of Rajasthani Pilgrims. Delhi: Open University Press.

Gold Grodzkins, A and B, R Gujar. 2002. In the time of trees and sorrows: nature, power and memory in Rajasthan. Durham, N.C: Duke University Press.Grimes, R, L. 1995. Marrying and Burrying. Rites of Passage in a Man's Life. Oxford: Westview Press.

Hakansson, T. 1988. Bride Waelth, Women and Land: Social Change Among the Gusii of Kenya. Uppsala: Uppsala University Press. WL 305.48896595

Hershman, P. 1981. Punjabi Kinship and Marriage. Delhi: Hinustan Publishing Corporation. HR S.Asia 306.0954 HER

Jaffrey, Z. 1998. The Invisibles A Tale of the Eunuchs of India. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

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Kung, L. 1983. Factory Women in Taiwan. Michigan: University Research Press. WLRR331.40951249KUN

Kuper, A. Wives for Cattle: Bridewealth and Marriage in Southern Africa. London: Routledge. WLRR392.50968 KUP

Levi-Strauss, C. 1983. The Raw and the Cooked. Chicago: Chicage University Press. HR291.13LEV

Levi-Strauss, C. 1985. The View From Afar. Oxford: Blackwells. CH306 LEV

Maker. V. ed. 1991. The Anthropology of Breast Feeding: Natural Law or Social Construct. Oxford: Berg WL 392.12 ANT

Malinowski, B. 1992. Argonauts of the Western Pacific An Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea. London: Routledge.

Malinowski, B. 1967. A Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Marriott, M. 1969. Village India Studies in the Little Community. Chicago and London: Chicago University Press.

Mead, M. 1977. Letters From the Field 1925-75. NY: Harper Row. Store LH 306 MEA

Obseyskere, G. 1981. Medusa’s Hair: An essay on personal symbols and religious experience. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.

Ohnuki-Tierney, E. 1984. Illness and Culture in Contemporary Japan – An Anthropological View. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CH362.10952OHN

Ong, A. 1987. Spirits of Resistance and Capitalist Discipline Factory Women in Malaysia. New York: State University of New York Press. HR331.409595ONG

Ortner, S. 1978. Sherpas Through Their Rituals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Peristiany, J.G and J. Pitt-Rivers., eds. 1992. Honor and Grace in Anthropology. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.

Pitt-Rivers, J. 1961. The People of the Sierra. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Poeweik, K. 1981. Matrilineal Ideology: Male-Female Dynamics in Luapula Zambia. London: African Institute. WLRR 306.83096894 POE

Rabinow, P. 1977. Reflections on Fieldwork in Morocco. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Radcliffe-Brown, A.R. 1954. The Andaman Islanders. New York: Free Press.

Radcliffe-Brown, A.R. 1952. Structure and Function in Primitive Society Essays and Addresses. London: Routledge CH306 RAD

Rauf, M. 1974. Indian Village in Guyana: A Study of Cultural Change and Ethnic Identity. London: Brill. HR 305.8009881 RAU

Scott, J. C.1985. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Shostack, M. 1982. Nisa: The Life and Words of a !Kung Woman. London: Allen Press.

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2000. Return to Nisa. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.

Stoller, P and Oates, C.1987. In Sorcery's Shadow: A Memoir of Apprenticeship Among the Songhay of Niger. Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press.

Taper, N. 1991. Bartered Brides Politics, Gender and Marriage in an Afghan Tribal Society. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.

Wadley, S. 1994. Struggling With Destiny in Kajlmpur 1925-1984. Berkeley, London: University of California Press.

Waldren, J. 1996. Insiders and Outsiders: Paradise and Reality in Malloraca. Oxford: Berg HR 946.754 WAL

Whitehead, N. ed. 1995. Wolves From the Sea: Readings in the Anthropology of The Native Caribbean. KITLV Press HR 972.9004984 WOL

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Study Skills literature: To help develop your academic skills in areas that you know are weak.

Note: 371 and 378 – general section for study skills, study improvement, etc..

808 – large section on written and academic English;

300 – research methods; 001 – research

Ashman, Sandra & George, Alan

Study and Learn: A Self-Help Guide for Students

1982 371.302812 MG

Barnes, Rob Successful Study for Degrees 1995 378.1702812

MG, CM

Barras, Robert Study! A Guide to Effective Study, Revision & Examination Techniques

1984 378.1702812

MG, CM

Burns, Tom and Sinfield, Sandra

Essential study skills: the complete guide to success at university

2003 378.170281  CM, CR

Coman, Marcia J & Heavers, Kathy L

What You Need to Know About Developing Study Skills …

1991 371.302812 CM

Cottrell, Stella The Study Skills Handbook 2nd ed; 2003

378.1702812

CM

Drew, Sue & Bingham, Rosie

The Student Skills Guide 2nd ed; 2001

378.198 MG, CR

Ellis, Richard & Hopkins, Konrad

How to Succeed in Written Work & Study

1985 808.042 MG

Fairburn, Gavin J & Winch, Christopher

Reading Writing and Researching 2nd ed; 1996

428.40711 MG, CM

Freeman, Richard & Mead, John

How to Study Effectively 1993 371.30281 MG, CM

Fry, Ron How to Study 1997 371.30281 MG

Greetham, Bryan How to Write Better Essays 2001 808.042 MG, CM

Hector-Taylor, Matt & Bonsall, Marie

Successful Study: A Practical Way to Get a good Degree

2nd ed; 1994

3781702812

MG, CM

Hills, P.J. Effective Study Skills 1980 371.302812 MG, CM

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