Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri): A
Culture of Red Swamp Crawfish, Procambarus clarkii , in the U. S.
description
Transcript of Culture of Red Swamp Crawfish, Procambarus clarkii , in the U. S.
Culture of Red Swamp Crawfish,Procambarus clarkii, in the U. S.Culture of Red Swamp Crawfish,Procambarus clarkii, in the U. S.
Distribution
Natural habitat - wetlands and swamps in southernU. S., especially in the Mississippi River drainage.
Dry wetland
Flooded wetland
Food habits - omnivore; small invertebrates,vegetation, detritus, attached algae
Reproduction• Sexual maturity - 6 to 8 months
• Male deposits sperm packet in female
• Water Temperature - between 70 and 800F, May and June in Alabama
• Female borrows into wet soil; eggs are laid and hatch inborrow; no larval stages, eggs hatch into tiny crawfish
• soils containing borrows must hold water well as crawfishand eggs must remain moist
• Females and young crawfish leave borrows in Fall during flooding
Chimneys protecting crawfish borrows
Female with young
Production cycle
1. Ponds drained in late spring to encourage maturecrawfish to mate and borrow
2. A forage crop is planted in dry pond, rice is a common choice.Rice can be planted only as a forage ( late planting ) or as agrain crop ( early planting ).
3. Pond is reflooded in the Fall when young crawfish are ready to forage.
4. Young crawfish forage on decaying vegetation and reach a harvestable size by early Spring.
recirculation pumpsupplypump
aerator
water supply
drain
Typical crawfish pond design
Crawfish ponds
Pumped well water splashed over screens to increase dissolved oxygen
Seeding Rice byplane
Rice Forage
Aquatic plants as forage
Decaying forage
Paddlewheel aerator to prevent lowdissolved oxygen due to decaying vegetation
Crawfish sample tocheck for harvest size
Harvest lane cutin forage to set traps
Crawfish trap
Running traps
Formulated Bait Pellets
Cut fresh fish bait
Harvest boat
Hydraulic wheels to move boat
Harvest boat crossinglevee
Producer grading crawfish tosize during harvest
Crawfish yields
800 to 1,000 kg/ha/yr
Harvested crawfish
Purging crawfish after harvest to clean intestines
Grading crawfish to size
Live crawfish transported to market
Crawfish processing plant
Peeling crawfishtail meat
Frozen tail meat
Frozen whole crawfish for export
Boiled Crawfish
Advantages1. feeds low on the food chain2. easy to reproduce and culture3. easy to transport live, moist and cool environment
Disadvantages1. high expense in harvest ( bait and labor )2. U. S. market is regional, some export to Europe3. low dressout percentage, 18 to 20% of whole animal are tails4. lower priced imports from China5. sale price depends on strength of the wild catch
In 1998 Louisiana produced 36.1 million lbsfrom 109,967 acres worth 22.5 million dollars.
90% of farmed crawfish in the U. S.
Louisiana
Trends in U.S. and World Lobster Production, Imports and Exports
Joel ChetrickForest & Fishery Products Division
August 2006
Summary• World production of lobster increased steadily
from 157,000 metric tons (MT) in 1980 to more than 233,000 MT in 1997 before stabilizing at levels near 230,000 MT through 2003 and rising to about 239,000 MT in 2004. Catches of American lobster (Homarus americanus) and spiny lobster (Panulirus spp.) accounted for 67 percent of world lobster production in 2004. Other important species included European lobster (Homarus gammarus) and rock lobster (Jasus spp.).
• The United States and Canada are the world’s largest lobster producing countries, accounting for 37 percent of global production in 2004. Other major producers included the United Kingdom, Australia, among others.
Summary
• In the United States, lobsters rank third in terms of commercial landed value for fishery products, trailing only the harvests of shrimp and crabs. American lobster accounted for 94 percent of U.S. lobster production, followed by spiny and slipper lobsters. Maine led all states, with 81 percent of the 40,079 MT of American lobster landed in 2004. Massachusetts and Rhode Island were also important producers of American lobster. Spiny lobster is harvested primarily in Florida and California.
• World exports and imports of lobster grew steadily over the last decade. World lobster exports rose 87 percent, from $1.2 billion in 1992 to $2.2 billion in 2004, due primarily to increased sales of frozen and fresh/chilled products. Canada was the major exporter of live lobster products with $371 million in 2004, followed by the United States with $300 million. World lobster imports increased 63 percent, from $1.3 billion in 1992 to $2.1 billion in 2004, due mainly to increased demand for frozen and particularly live products in the hotel and restaurant sector. The United States was the major importer of live lobster with $290 million in 2004, followed by Canada with $138 million, and France, Spain and Italy, each with imports exceeding $50 million. The United States remained the largest importer of all lobster products, accounting for $1 billion or nearly 47 percent of global imports, followed by Japan with $178 million.
Summary
• U.S. lobster exports grew by 245 percent in terms of value during 1992-2005, totaling $345 million in 2005, due to increased sales to Canada and the European Union (EU). Canada remained the largest market , accounting for 48 percent of export sales. Most U.S. exports to Canada are processed and then sent back to the U.S. market for domestic consumption or to be exported to other countries. Sales to the EU, the largest consumption market for U.S. lobster, accounted for 43 percent of the exports. U.S. imports of lobster reached $1.1 billion in 2005, up 119 percent from the 1992 level. Canada accounted for 64 percent of the imports.
• Lobster is a high-priced commodity with consumer preferences varying from country to country.
World Lobster Production by Country
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Canada USA UK Australia Bahamas Brazil Ireland Indonesia Cuba France Others
Source: FAO
MT
World Lobster Production by Species
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
American Spiny Rock Others European
Source: FAO
MT
U.S. Lobster Production by Species
Source: NOAA/NMFS
MT
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
American Spiny
World Lobster Exports by Country
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Canada Australia USA Bahamas Brazil Cuba New Zealand Others
Source: FAO
$Million
World Lobster Exports by Product
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Live Fresh or Chilled Frozen Canned
$Million
Source: FAO
World Lobster Imports by Country
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
USA Japan France China Canada Spain Italy Others
Source: FAO
$Million
World Lobster Imports by Product
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Live Fresh or Chilled Frozen Canned
$Million
Source: FAO
U.S. Lobster Trade
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Export Import
Source: NOAA/NMFS
$Million
Consumer Preferences• Worldwide:
- Lobster is a high-priced food primarily eaten primarily during holidays and special occasions, such as weddings and family celebrations.- Canadian lobster is smaller than the size the United States is legally allowed to produce and therefore is sometimes favored in markets where lobster is sold by the piece, such as Japan.
• Japan:- Spiny lobster
• Europe:- High-priced European lobster is preferred over any other lobster.- Spiny lobster is preferred in Spain. - U.S. lobster competes with the European lobster and Norwegian prawns in EU markets.
U.S. Industry Contacts
• Maine Lobster Promotion Council Tel. (207) 287-5140/ Fax (207) 287-5143
www.mainelobsterpromo.com• Maine International Trade Center
Tel. (207) 541-7400/ Fax (207) 541-7420www.mitc.com
• Massachusetts Lobstermen’s AssociationTel. (781) 545-6984/ Fax (781) 545-7837www.lobstermen.com/default.asp
• Food Export USA-NortheastTel. (215) 829-9111/ Fax (215) 829-9777www.foodexportusa.org