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The Cloud Gate sculpture, in the Loop

Location of Chicago in the United States

Culture of ChicagoFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The culture of Chicago, Illinois is known for the

invention or significant advancement of several

performing arts, including improvisational comedy,

house music, blues, jazz,[1] and soul.[2]

The city is known for its Chicago School and Prairie

School architecture. It continues to cultivate a strong

tradition of classical music, popular music, dance, and

performing arts, rooted in Western civilization, as well

as other tr aditions carr ied forward by its African-

American, Asian-American, European American,

Hispanic American, and Native American citizens.

The city is additionally known for various popular

culinary dishes, including deep-dish pizza, the Chicago-style hot dog and the Italian beef sandwich.

Contents

1 Food and drink 1.1 Local specialties1.2 Restaurant scene1.3 Cr aft brewing1.4 Distilled spirits

2 Music3 Perf orming arts4 Sports5 Visual arts6 Architecture7 Literature8 Public attractions9 See also10 References

Food and drink

Chicago lays claim to a large number of regional specialties that reflect the city's ethnic and working-class

roots. Included among these are its nationally renowned deep-dish pizza; this style is said to have originated

at Pizzeria Uno. The Chicago-style thin crust is also popular in the city. A number of well-known chefs hav

had restaurants in Chicago, including Charlie Trotter, Rick Tramonto, Grant Achatz, and Rick Bayless.

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Chicago-style hot dog

In 2003, Robb Report named Chicago the country's "most exceptional dining destination" and in 2008,

axim awarded Chicago the title of "Tastiest City."

Local specialties

The most popular Chicago-style foods are:

The Chicago-style hot dog, traditionally a steamed or boiled,

natural-casing all-beef wiener on a poppy-seed bun, toppedwith yellow mustard, chopped onion, sliced tomato, neon-green sweet-pickle relish, sport peppers, a dill-pickle spear,

and a sprinkling of celery salt—but never ketchup.[3][4]

Chicago-style pizza is deep-dish pizza with a tall outer crustand large amounts of cheese, with chunky tomato sauce on top

of the cheese instead of underneath it.[5][6] Similar to this isstuffed pizza, with even more cheese, topped with a second,

thinner crust.[7] Thin-crust pizza is also very popular in

Chicago.[7]

The Italian beef, a sandwich featuring thinly sliced roast beef simmered in a broth (known locally as"gravy") containing Italian-style seasonings and served on an Italian roll soaked in the meat juices.Most beef stands offer a "cheesy beef" option, which is typically the addition of a slice of provoloneor mozzarella. A "combo" is a beef sandwich with the addition of grilled Italian sausage. Italian beef

sandwiches are traditionally topped with sweet peppers or spicy giardiniera.[8][9]

Other Chicago-style dishes include:

Chicken Vesuvio, an Italian-American dish made from chicken on the bone and wedges of potato,celery, and carrots; sauteed with garlic, oregano, white wine, and olive oil, then baked until the

chicken's skin becomes crisp.[10][11]

Shrimp DeJonghe, a casserole of whole peeled shrimp blanketed in soft, garlicky, sherry-laced bread

crumbs.[12][13]

Maxwell Street Polish, named after Maxwell Street where it was first sold. It's a Polish sausage made

with beef and pork, and with garlic and other spices, served on a bun with grilled onions. [14][15]

A francheezie is a variation of the Chicago-style hot dog. The hot dog is wrapped in bacon and deep-

fried, and either stuffed or topped with cheese.[16][17]

The jibarito is a specialty sandwich that originated in the heart of Chicago's Puerto Rican communityInvented by Borinquen Restaurant in the Humboldt Park neighborhood, a jibarito is made with meator chicken, and condiments, placed between two pieces of fried and flattened plantain instead of

bread.[18][19]

The mother-in-law is a tamale on a hot dog bun, topped with chili.[19][20]

Chicago also has its own unique style of tamale, machine-extruded from cornmeal and wrapped in

paper, and typically sold at hot dog stands.[21]

Gyros is popular in Chicago. While some restaurants still make their own gyros cones, Chicago is the

hometown of mass-produced gyros.[22]

A pizza puff is a deep-fried dough pocket filled with cheese, tomato sauce, and other pizza ingredientsuch as sausage. Indigenous to Chicago, pizza puffs can be found at some hot dog

restaurants.[23][24][25]

A pepper and egg sandwich combines scrambled eggs and grilled bell peppers, served on French

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rea . r g na y ea en ur ng en y a an mm gran s n cago, now can e oun n some

casual dining restaurants.[26][27][28]

Less well known are:

The more provincial South Side specialties such as the Big Baby, a style of double cheeseburger withgrilled onions and the condiments, traditionally located underneath the burger patties, which

originated at Nicky's The Real McCoy on 58th and Kedzie in the Gage Park neighborhood.[29]

The breaded-steak sandwich, a specialty particularly found in the Bridgeport neighborhood, whichconsists of a flattened inexpensive cut of beef that has been breaded, fried Milanesa-style and servedon an Italian bread roll with marinara sauce, topped with optional mozzarella cheese and/or green

peppers.[30]

Aquarium-smoked barbecue, particularly rib tips and hot links.[31]

Atomic cake, featuring banana, yellow, and chocolate cake layers alternating with banana, strawberry

and fudge fillings.[32]

Chicago mix popcorn, which consists of caramel corn and cheese-flavored popcorn mixed

together.[33]

Restaurant scene

Chicago features many restaurants that highlight the city's various ethnic neighborhoods, including

Chinatown on the South Side, Greektown on Halsted Street, and Little Italy on Taylor Street and the Heart

of Italy. The Indo-Pak community along Devon Avenue hosts many Pakistani and Indian eateries. The

predominantly Mexican neighborhoods of Pilsen and Little Village are home to numerous eateries ranging

from small taquerías to full scale restaurants. Several restaurants featuring Middle Eastern fare can be found

along Lawrence Avenue, while Polish cuisine is well represented along Milwaukee Avenue on the

Northwest side and Archer Avenue on the Southwest side. A large concentration of Vietnamese restaurants

can be found in the Argyle Street district in Uptown.[34]

Chicago has its own local fried-chicken chain, Harold's Chicken Shack. The city is also home to many fried

shrimp shacks.[35][36][37]

Along with ethnic fare and fast food, Chicago is home to many steakhouses, as well as a number of upscale

dining establishments serving a wide array of cuisine. Some notable destinations include Frontera Grill, a

gourmet Mexican restaurant owned by chef and Mexico: One Plate at a Time host, Rick Bayless; Graham

Elliot's eponymous restaurant, Graham Elliot ; Jean Joho's Everest, a new-French restaurant located on the

top floor of the Chicago Stock Exchange building downtown, and Tru from chefs Rick Tramonto and Gale

Gand.

Chicago has become known for its ventures in molecular gastronomy, with chefs Grant Achatz of Alinea,[3

Homaro Cantu of Moto,[39] and Michael Carlson of Schwa.

Taste of Chicago is a large annual food festival held in early July in Grant Park in downtown Chicago. It

features booths from dozens of Chicago-area restaurants, as well as live music.[40]

Craft brewing

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C cago as a ong rew ng story t at ates ac to t e ear y ays o t e c ty. W e ts era o mass-

scale commercial breweries largely came to an end with Prohibition, the city today boasts a number of

microbreweries and brewpubs. Included among these are large regional brewers, such as Goose Island and

Lagunitas, as well as more localized craft brewers like Argus, Half Acre, Metropolitan, Off Color,

Pipeworks and Revolution Brewing.[42][43]

Annual events include Chicago Craft Beer Week,[44] the Festival of Barrel-Aged Beers (known as

FOBAB),[45] the Chicago Beer Festival,[46] and the Chicago Beer Classic (formerly called the American

Beer Classic).[47]

Distilled spirits

Jeppson's Malört is a brand of bäsk, a Swedish-style liqueur flavored with wormwood. Known for its bitter

taste, it can be found in some Chicago-area taverns and liquor stores, but is seldom seen elsewhere in the

country. The Carl Jeppson Company was founded in Chicago in the 1930s and is still based there, but the

beverage is now distilled in Florida.[48]

Koval, Chicago's first distillery to operate within city limits since Prohibition, began operation in 2008.Located in the Andersonville neighborhood on the city's North Side, Koval offers a wide range of spirits an

was featured on the Chicago ("World's Greenest Beer") episode during the second season of the Esquire

Network show Brew Dogs in 2014.[49]

Music

Chicago has made many significant pop-cultural contributions in the field of music: Chicago blues, Chicag

soul, Jazz, Gospel, indie rock, hip hop, industrial music, and punk rock. The city is also the birthplace of th

House style of music, whose history is related to the development and fostering of the Techno style of musi

in Detroit, Michigan.

Chicago artists have played an influential role in the R&B–soul genre. Popular R&B artists to hail from

Chicago include R. Kelly, Curtis Mayfield, The Impressions, Jerry Butler, The Chi-Lites, Ahmad Jamal,

Dave Hollister, Jennifer Hudson, Baby Huey, and Carl Thomas.

Prominent figures from Chicago blues include Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, Willie Dixon, Elmore James,

Sonny Boy Williamson, Syl Johnson, Junior Wells, Bo Diddley, Albert King, Koko Taylor, Magic Slim,

Luther Allison, Lonnie Brooks, and Buddy Guy.

Jazz musicians based in Chicago have included Jelly Roll Morton, Bix Beiderbecke, Benny Goodman, SunRa, Von Freeman, and Dinah Washington. The city is the home of the Association for the Advancement of

Creative Musicians, a group of musical artists who helped pioneer avant-garde jazz.

The hip hop scene in Chicago is also very influential, with major artists including Kanye West, Chance the

Rapper, Twista, Common, Lupe Fiasco, Crucial Conflict, Psychodrama, Da Brat, Shawnna, Chief Keef,

King Louie, and Rhymefest.

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Willie Dixon

,

was the Chicago Transit Authority. The band's name was shortened to

Chicago after the CTA threatened to sue them for unauthorized use of the

original trademark. Popular 1980s band Survivor is from Chicago.

Many mainstream rock bands hail from Chicago or were made famous there.

Among these are The Blues Brothers, the aforementioned Chicago, Styx,

Cheap Trick, REO Speedwagon, Survivor, the Butterfield Blues Band, and

the Siegel–Schwall Band.

Chicago has also been home to a thriving folk music scene, particularly in

the 1960s and 1970s. John Prine, Steve Goodman and Bonnie Koloc were

the most prominent folk singer–songwriters of that time.

In the late 1970s, local band The Shoes arguably started indie rock with a

power pop album recorded in their living room. 1980s and 1990s alternative

bands Local H, Eleventh Dream Day, Ministry, Veruca Salt, My Life With

the Thrill Kill Kult, Material Issue, Liz Phair, Urge Overkill, and The Smashing Pumpkins hail from

Chicago. Contemporary rock bands The Lawrence Arms, Soil, Kill Hannah and Wilco are also Chicago-

based. The 2000s have seen local artists Disturbed, Alkaline Trio, The Academy Is, Rise Against, TheAudition, Spitalfield, Chevelle, the Plain White T's, Kanye West, Lupe Fiasco, and Fall Out Boy also attain

success in the U.S.

Chicago has become known for indie rockers following in the paths of the Smashing Pumpkins, Urge

Overkill, Wilco, and The Jesus Lizard; bands like The Sea and Cake, Califone, OK Go, Andrew Bird and

Umphrey's McGee hail from the city. Tim and Mike Kinsella, hailing from Chicago, fronted several semina

90s emo bands: Cap'n Jazz, American Football, Owen, Joan of Arc, and Owls. Matthew and Eleanor

Friedberger of The Fiery Furnaces, who now reside in Brooklyn, New York are originally from Oak Park,

Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. Chicago is also home to many independent labels like Thrill Jockey, Drag

City, and others, and to the popular music-news website Pitchfork Media.

A handful of punk rock bands are based in Chicago. Some of the more famous punk rock products of the

city are Naked Raygun, The Effigies, Big Black and Shellac (featuring Steve Albini), The Squids (featuring

LaTour), and Screeching Weasel. Many of these punk and indie bands got their start at noted alternative

music venues Metro (originally Cabaret Metro), Lounge Ax, and The Fireside Bowl.

Chicago is also known for being the "birthplace of American Industrial Music", as many bands got their

start in Chicago. The city was also home of the now-defunct Wax Trax! Records record label which once

had KMFDM, Ministry, Front 242, PIG, Front Line Assembly, My Life With the Thrill Kill Kult, Coil, and

more on its roster.

The Chicago Symphony Orchestra is one of the nation's oldest and most respected orchestras. It is well

regarded throughout the world through tours in both Asia and Europe and also through a large number of

recordings widely available. Perhaps because of Chicago's historically large German-American population,

the CSO is particularly well known for its performances of pieces by German composers.

Chicago also has a thriving and youthful contemporary classical scene. Major venues for new music includ

concerts by the International Contemporary Ensemble, Ensemble Dal Niente, Third Coast Percussion,

Fulcrum Point and the CSO's MusicNOW series. Composers of note include Augusta Read Thomas, Lee

H la Marcos Balter Kirsten Brober Hans Thomalla Ja Alan Yim and Shulamit Ran.

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Chicago Theatre

While lacking a school of music with the stature of the Juilliard School or the Curtis Institute of Music, the

Chicago area does have a number of colleges. The best known outside of the region is the Northwestern

University Bienen School of Music. The Chicago College of Performing Arts at Roosevelt University and

the School of Music at DePaul University are both working to expand their reputations.

Chicago's colorful history and culture have provided inspiration for a wide variety of musical compositions

In the 19th century, the chain of events surrounding the Great Chicago Fire led Chicago resident Horatio

Spafford to write the hymn "It Is Well With My Soul".

Annual music festivals in Chicago with free admission include the Chicago Blues Festival, the Chicago Jaz

Festival, the Grant Park Music Festival, and World Music Festival Chicago. Annual ticketed festivals in the

city include Lollapalooza, Pitchfork Music Festival, Riot Fest, the North Coast Music Festival, and Spring

Awakening.

Performing arts

Chicago is a major center for theater, and is the birthplace of modern

improvisational comedy.[50] The city is home to two renowned

comedy troupes: The Second City and iO Theater (formerly known

as ImprovOlympic). The form itself was invented at the University

of Chicago in the 1960s by an undergraduate performance group

called the Compass Players, whose members went on to found

Second City. It is also home to one of the longest running plays in

the country—the Neo-Futurists' Too Much Light Makes the Baby Go

Blind , an ensemble of 30 plays in 60 minutes. Many world-famous

actors and comedians are Chicagoans or came to study in the area,

particularly at Northwestern University in Evanston.

Since their foundings in 1925 and 1974, Goodman Theatre, downtown, and Steppenwolf Theatre Company

on the city's north side have nurtured generations of actors, directors, and playwrights. They have grown

into internationally renowned companies of artists. Many other theatres, from nearly 100 black box

performances spaces like the Strawdog Theatre Company in the Lakeview area to landmark downtown

houses like the Chicago Theatre on State and Lake Streets, present a wide variety of plays and musicals,

including touring shows and original works such as the premiere in December 2004 of Spamalot . The

Chicago Shakespeare Theater, Lookingglass Theatre Company, and the Victory Gardens Theater have won

regional Tony Awards, along with Goodman and Steppenwolf. Broadway In Chicago, created in July 2000,

hosts touring productions and Broadway musical previews at: Bank of America Theatre, Cadillac Palace

Theatre, Ford Center for the Performing Arts Oriental Theatre. Broadway In Chicago provides over 7,500

obs and an economic impact of over $635 million.[51] Polish language productions for Chicago's large

Polish speaking population can be seen at the historic Gateway Theatre in Jefferson Park.

The Lyric Opera of Chicago, founded in 1954, performs in the Civic Opera House. The Civic Opera House

was built in 1929 on the east bank of the Chicago River and is the second-largest opera auditorium in North

America with 3,563 seats. The Lyric Opera purchased the Civic Opera House from the building's owner in

1993. The company has reported an average of 100% sales for the past 16 years and approximately 34,000

subscribers for its six-month season.

The Lithuanian O era Com an of Chica o was founded b Lithuanian Chica oans in 1956 [52]

and

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Wrigley Field, home of the Chicago

Cubs

Soldier Field, home of the Chicago

Bears

presents operas in Lithuanian. It celebrated fifty years of existence in 2006, and operates as a not-for-profit

organization. It is noteworthy for performing the rarely staged Rossini's William Tell (1986) and Ponchielli'

I Lituani (1981, 1983 and 1991), and also for contributing experienced chorus singers to the Lyric Opera of

Chicago.[53] The opera Jūratė and Kastytis by Kazimieras Viktoras Banaitis was presented in Chicago,

Illinois in 1996.[54]

The Joffrey Ballet makes its home in Chicago. Other ballet, modern and jazz dance troupes that are located

in the city include Hubbard Street Dance Chicago, River North Chicago Dance Company, Gus GiordanoJazz Dance Chicago, Chicago Dance Crash, Thodos Dance Chicago, Chicago Festival Ballet and The Joel

Hall Dancers.

The city's Uptown neighborhood is reported to be the birthplace of Slam Poetry, a style of spoken word

poetry that incorporates elements of hip hop culture, drama, jazz and lyricism.

Sports

Chicago is one of 13 metropolitan areas that have major league baseball, football, basketball, and hockey

teams. In three of these metropolitan areas the teams from all four sports play their games within the limitsof one city — Chicago, Philadelphia, and Denver. Four of the metropolitan areas have two baseball teams

— Chicago, New York City, Los Angeles, and the San Francisco Bay Area.

The Chicago White Sox of the American League, who won the World Series in 2005, play at U.S. Cellular

Field, located on the city's South Side in the Bridgeport neighborhood.

The Chicago Cubs of the National League play at Wrigley Field,

which is located in the North Side neighborhood of Lakeview. The

area of Lakeview near the stadium is commonly referred to as

"Wrigleyville."

The Chicago Bears of the

National Football League

play at Soldier Field.

Chicago is the largest city to

have an NFL stadium. The

Bears have won nine

American Football

championships (eight NFL Championships and Super Bowl XX)

trailing only the Green Bay Packers, who have thirteen.

The Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association are one of

the world's most recognized basketball teams, thanks to their

enormous success during the Michael Jordan era, when they won six

NBA titles in the 1990s. The Bulls play at the United Center on Chicago's Near West side.

The Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League also play at the United Center. The Hawks are an

Original Six franchise, founded in 1926, and have won six Stanley Cups, including 2010, 2013, and 2015.

The Chicago Fire, members of Major League Soccer, won one league and four US Open Cups since 1997.

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After eight years at Soldier Field, they moved to the new Toyota Park in nearby Bridgeview at 71st and

Harlem Avenue during the summer of 2006.

The Chicago Red Stars of the National Women's Soccer League also play at Toyota Park. The team was

founded in 2009.

The Chicago Wolves of the American Hockey League play at the Allstate Arena in nearby Rosemont. The

Wolves won the league championships in 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2008. Their first season was 1994–95.

The Chicago Sky of the Women's National Basketball Association also play at the Allstate Arena. The Sky

were in the WNBA playoffs in 2013, 2014, and 2015.

One NCAA Division I college football team plays in the Chicago area — the Northwestern Wildcats, in

nearby Evanston. Chicago-area college basketball teams competing at the Division I level are the

Northwestern Wildcats, the DePaul Blue Demons, the Loyola Ramblers, the UIC Flames, and the Chicago

State Cougars.

Minor league baseball teams that play near Chicago include the Kane County Cougars, the Windy City

ThunderBolts, the Schaumburg Boomers, the Joliet Slammers, and the Gary SouthShore RailCats.

The Chicago Mustangs of the Major Arena Soccer League play at the Sears Centre in Hoffman Estates.

The city is home to several roller derby leagues, including the Windy City Rollers, the Chicago Outfit, and

the Chicago Red Hots.

The Chicago Swans are the Australian rules football club in the city, competing in the Mid American

Australian Football League.

Rugby teams in the city include the Chicago Lions and the Chicago Griffins.

There are two facilities for auto racing near Chicago, both of them in Joliet. Chicagoland Speedway hosts

NASCAR races, and the Route 66 Raceway is the site of drag racing events.

Once a year in early autumn, thousands of long-distance runners from around the world compete in the

Chicago Marathon.

In most of the U.S., softball is played with a 12-inch ball, but in Chicago 16-inch softball is more popular. [5

[56]

Chicago hosted the 1959 Pan American Games, and Gay Games VII in 2006. The city made an unsuccessfu

bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics, though it was heavily favored.[57][58]

Visual arts

Chicago is home to a lively fine arts community. The highest concentration of contemporary art galleries

can be found in the River North neighborhood, though a great amount of arts activity also centers around th

area around Wicker Park. Chicago visual art has had a strong individualistic streak, little influenced by

outside fashions. "One of the unique characteristics of Chicago," said Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts

curator Bob Cozzolino, "is there's always been a very pronounced effort to

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The Chicago Picasso

not be derivative, to not follow the status quo", 59 and arts pioneers such as

Stanislav Szukalski who were tied to the "Chicago Renaissance" helped to

fashion the city into a nexus for new trends in art. [60]

Chicago has long had a strong tradition of figurative surrealism, as in the

works of Ivan Albright and Ed Paschke. In 1968 and 1969, members of the

Chicago Imagists, such as Roger Brown, Leon Golub, Robert Lostutter, Jim

Nutt, and Barbara Rossi produced bizarre representational paintings. Today

Robert Guinan paints gritty realistic portraits of Chicago people which are popular in Paris, although he is little known in Chicago itself.

These same impulses also appeared in Chicago's lively street photography

scene, gaining notoriety through artists centered around the Institute of

Design such as Harry Callahan, Aaron Siskind, Leon Lewandowski as well

as in the work of nanny-savant Vivian Maier. Bob Thall's beautiful, bleak photographs of Chicago-area

architecture have also won much acclaim.[61]

Chicago has a Percent for Art program of public artworks, although it is notoriously more opaque and

secretive than that of most other cities; arts activist such as Paul Klein and attorney Scott Hodes have longcriticized its lack of public accountability.[62]

Chicago is home to a number of large, outdoor works by well-known artists. These include the Chicago

Picasso, Miró's Chicago, Flamingo and Flying Dragon by Alexander Calder, Monument with Standing

Beast by Jean Dubuffet, Batcolumn by Claes Oldenburg, Cloud Gate by Anish Kapoor, Crown Fountain by

Jaume Plensa, Man Enters the Cosmos by Henry Moore, and the Four Seasons mosaic by Marc Chagall.

Architecture

The central part of Chicago was largely destroyed by the Chicago Fire in 1871. Almost all the buildings

currently standing in the city's downtown area were built after that, one exception being the Chicago Water

Tower.

Around the turn of the twentieth century, Chicago was a key location in the development of the skyscraper.

This movement was spearheaded by architects promoting the Chicago School design philosophy, including

Louis Sullivan and others. Notable tall buildings and skyscrapers built before the mid-1930s include the

Rookery Building, the Auditorium Building, the Chicago Cultural Center, the Monadnock Building, the

Reliance Building, the Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building, the Marquette Building, the Chicago

Building, the Wrigley Building, Tribune Tower, the Carbide & Carbon Building, and the Chicago Board of

Trade Building.

In the 1940s, a modernist Second Chicago School of architecture emerged from the work of Ludwig Mies

van der Rohe. Buildings that he designed include 860–880 Lake Shore Drive, Crown Hall, and 330 North

Wabash.

The tallest buildings in Chicago are Willis Tower, Trump Tower, the Aon Center, the John Hancock Center

and the Franklin Center. Willis Tower was originally named Sears Tower, and was the tallest building in the

world from 1973 to 1998. It is now the second-tallest building in the United States, after One World Trade

Center, though the height to the roof of Willis Tower is greater than that of

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The Wrigley Building and

Tribune Tower

The main hall of the Field Museum

of Natural History, with Sue the T.

rex in the foreground

One World Trade Center.

Other architecturally significant modern and postmodern skyscrapers in

Chicago include the Inland Steel Building, Marina City, Lake Point Tower,

333 Wacker Drive, the Crain Communications Building, the Thompson

Center, the Harold Washington Library, and Aqua.

The Prairie School of architecture originated in Chicago, which is home to a

number of buildings by Frank Lloyd Wright and other Prairie Schoolarchitects. Examples include Robie House and the First Congregational

Church of Austin.

The Pullman Historic District was the first planned industrial community in

the United States.

Some neighborhoods in the city have many Chicago bungalow houses. Buil

mostly between 1910 and 1940, these single-family homes are narrow, one-

and-a-half story brick structures, with gables parallel to the street.

Literature

Early writers associated with Chicago include, Theodore Drieser, Eugene Field, Hamlin Garland, Edgar Le

Masters, and Frank Norris.[64] Poets have included Gwendolyn Brooks and Carl Sandburg. Other notable

writers often associated with the city's literary tradition include Nelson Algren, Saul Bellow, John Dos

Passos, James T. Farrell, Loraine Hansberry, Ernest Hemingway, Upton Sinclair, Studs Terkel, and Richard

Wright.

Public attractions

Popular public attractions in Chicago include the Museum of

Science and Industry, the Field Museum of Natural History, Adler

Planetarium, Shedd Aquarium, Lincoln Park Zoo, the Chicago

History Museum, Millennium Park, and Navy Pier.

The city has a number of art museums, of which the two largest are

the Art Institute and the Museum of Contemporary Art.

One weekend each August the city hosts the Chicago Air & Water

Show, a free exhibition on the shores of Lake Michigan.

See also

LGBT culture in ChicagoList of Chicago LandmarksList of fiction set in ChicagoList of museums and cultural institutions in Chicago

Tourism in Chicago

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References

1. "Research Resources on Chicago, Jazz, and the Great Migration"

(http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/su/cja/greatmigration.html), University of Chicago Library. Retrieved February 2

2015.

2. "Chicago Soul" (http://www.allmusic.com/style/chicago-soul-ma0000002509), AllMusic. Retrieved February 22

2015.

3. Zeldes, Leah A. (July 7, 2010). "Eat this! The Chicago Hot Dog, Born in the Great Depression"

(http://www.diningchicago.com/blog/2010/07/07/eat-this-chicago-style-hot-dog-born-in-the-depression/), Dining

Chicago. Retrieved October 29, 2015.

4. Zeldes, Leah A. (July 22, 2010). "Do Only Barbarians Put Ketchup on Hot Dogs?"

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