Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
Transcript of Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
1/35
CULTURE
REPRESENTATIONIDENTITY
Teorias e Metodologias em Estudos Culturaissetembro 2012 * Gillian Moreira
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
2/35
CULTURE &
CULTURAL STUDIES
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
3/35
a whole process [Williams] shifted the whole ground of debate
from a literary-moral to an anthropologicaldefinition of culture. But it defined the latternow as the whole process by means of which
meanings and definitions are sociallyconstructed and historically transformed, withliterature and art as only one, specially
privileged, kind of social communication.Stuart Hall in Culture, Media, Language. p. 19
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
4/35
Williams theory of culture It is in this context that the theory of culture is
defined as the study of relationships betweenelements in a whole way of life. Culture is notapractice; nor is it simply the descriptive sumof the mores and folkways of societies as it
tended to become in certain kinds ofanthropology. It is threaded through all socialpractices and is the sum of their inter-relationship.
Hall, in Storey, John. What is Cultural Studies?1997, p 34
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
5/35
cultural studies cultural studies can be defined as
the distinctive approach to culture that resultswhen we stop thinking about culture as particularvalued texts and think about it as a broader
process in which each person has an equal rightto be heard, and each persons voice andreflections about culture are valuable;
that space of equality.Nick Couldry, 2000, p. 2
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
6/35
production-in-use Culture in cultural studies is defined politically
rather than aesthetically Culture is understood as the texts and
practices of everyday life
Popular culture is central to the project ofcultural studies
Culture is the terrain of conflict and
constestation Culture is production in use
John Storey, 1996
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
7/35
popular culture is not consumption, it is culture theactive process of generating and circulating meaningsand pleasures within a social system
culture is a living, active process: it can be developed
only from within, it cannot be imposed from without orabove. Popular culture is made by the people, notproduced by the culture industry. All the cultureindustries can do is produce a repertoire of texts or
cultural resources for the various formations of thepeople to use or reject in the ongoing process ofproducing their popular culture.
Fiske, 1989
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
8/35
Ultimately, the study of popular culture is
concerned with how relations of power arestructured through the practices and textswhich make up the bulk of peoples daily
activity.
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
9/35
REPRESENTATION AND SHARED
MEANINGS
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
10/35
Representation is the production of themeaning of the concepts in our minds throughlanguage. It is the link between concepts and
language which enables us to refer to eitherthe real world of objects, people or events, orindeed to imaginary worlds of fictional objects,people and events.
Hall, 1997: 17
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
11/35
Language is understood to refer, not only to
written and spoken language, but to visualimages, body language, music, fashion codes,
cultural representations are embedded insounds, objects, images in books, popularmagazines, television programmes for
example.
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
12/35
Half truth: behind every status symbol and luxury badge is a goodproductFull truth: Good is the enemy of great
Truth in Engineering
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
13/35
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
14/35
"Este Natal, oferea o que Nacional" aassinatura do Licor Beiro para o Natal,marca que continua a honrar a herana deirreverncia e humor.
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
15/35
identity as cultural representation
Cultural identity socially and discursively
constructed
Identity does not exist outside of culturalrepresentations and acculturalization theprocess by which we become self-aware,knowledgeable individuals, skilled in the waysof culture.
Barker, 1999
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
16/35
Process of acculturalization
centred on the family, peer groups, education,media, work organizations, ...
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
17/35
Identity
not something to be discovered inside ourselves
rather, it is a process of becoming
It is not unique but multiple, reflecting (the
diversification of) social relations and contextsand sites of interaction
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
18/35
Hybrid Identities
arise out of diversified social relationships andcomplex contexts and sites of interaction, of
increasing social mobility, of global resources
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
19/35
IMAGINED COMMUNITIES TO
IMAGINED WORLDS
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
20/35
imagined communities
"In an anthropological spirit, then, I proposethe following definition of the nation: it is animagined political community - - and
imagined as both inherently limited andsovereign.
Anderson, 1991: 5
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
21/35
New forms of governance? Europeanisation should be regarded as a
process of multi-level governanceincorporating existing cultural systems andcollective identities of both national and sub-
national levels.Moreno, 2002
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
22/35
A borderless world Some theorists on globalization claim that we
live now in a borderless world, in which thenation-state has become a fiction and wherepoliticians have lost all effective power
Keniche Ohmae, 1995, in Giddens, 1998: 29
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
23/35
ethnoscapes, technoscapes, financescapes,
mediascapes, ideoscapes
These landscapes are the building blocks ofwhat (extending Benedict Anderson) I wouldlike to call imagined worlds, that is, the
multiple worlds which are constituted by thehistorically situated imaginations of personsand groups spread around the globe.
Appadurai, 1996
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
24/35
We are functioning in a world fundamentally
characterized by objects in motion. Theseobjects include ideas and ideologies, peopleand goods, images and messages,
technologies and techniques. This is a world offlows.
Appadurai, 2001, in Pennycook, 2007
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
25/35
Globalization- "the compression ofthe world and the intensification of
consciousness of the world as awhole"
Robertson, 1992: 8
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
26/35
In thought and action, it [globalization] makesthe world a single place. What it means to live inthis place, and how it must be ordered, becomeuniversal questions. These questions receivedifferent answers from individuals and societiesthat define their position in relation to both asystem of societies and the shared properties ofhumankind from very different perspectives. Theconfrontation of their world views means that
globalization involves comparative interactionof different forms of life.Robertson, 1992: 27
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
27/35
A planetary consciousness
If we are to cope with the problems that
face us today and in coming years, theconsciousness of todays women andmen must rise from the ego- and nation-centered dimension to a global and
planet-centered one.Laszlo, 2005
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
28/35
A planetary consciousness (cont)
Having a consciousness that is in tune with
our times means evolving it to the dimensionwhere we can understand as well as feel ournew, more embracing relations with each other
and with nature. It calls for a planetaryconsciousness.
Laszlo, 2005
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
29/35
Merkel says German
multicultural society has failed
Attempts to build a multicultural society inGermany have "utterly failed", ChancellorAngela Merkel says.
She said the so-called "multikulti" concept -where people would "live side-by-side" happily- did not work, and immigrants needed to domore to integrate - including learning German.
17th October 2010
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
30/35
MUNICH, Germany Prime Minister David
Cameron, in a speech attended by worldleaders, on Saturday criticized his countryslongstanding policy of multiculturalism, saying
it was an outright failure and partly to blame forfostering Islamist extremism.
He said the U.K. needs a stronger national
identity to prevent people turning to extremism.February 2011
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
31/35
Italian Prime Minister and French President
Nicolas Sarkozy ... said the Schengen treaty,which removes many European Union bordercontrols, should be modified temporarily to
allow countries to deal with exceptionalcircumstances. The flow of migrants tosouthern Italy had raised tensions between thetwo countries in the lead up to this summit.
We want Schengen to live, but for Schengen
to live it must be reformed, President Sarkozytold reporters.
April 2011
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
32/35
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
33/35
the imagined community of millions seems
more real as a team of eleven named people Hobsbawn (1990)
Football - role model for a new world order Der Spiegel (2006)
Would youpass the cricket test?
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
34/35
References and further reading
Benedict Anderson (1983/91) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Originand Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
Chris Barker (1999) Television, Globalization and Cultural Identities. Buckingham:Open University Press.
Ulrich Beck (2008) Nation-state politics can only fail the problems of the modernworld in The Guardian, 15th January 2008
Nick Couldry (2000). Inside Culture Re-imagining the Method of Cultural Studies.
London: Sage Publications John Fiske (1989) Understanding Popular Culture. Unwin Hyman: Boston.
Anthony Giddens (1998). The Third Way. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Stuart Hall (ed) (1997) Representation Cultural Representations and SignifyingPractices. London: Sage Publications.
S. Hall, D. Hobson, A. Lowe, & P Willis, (eds) (1980). Culture, Media, Language.London: Unwin Hyman. (Part I)
E.J.Hobsbawm (1990). Nations and Nationalism since 1780. Cambridge: CUP.
-
8/13/2019 Culture, Identity, Representation12 [Compatibility Mode]
35/35
Ervin Laszlo (2005). Planetary Consciousness: our next evolutionary step.
Journal of Conscious Evolution, 2005 cejournal.org.http://www.cejournal.org/GRD/Laszlo.pdf.
Hugh Mackay (1997). Consumption and Everyday Life. London:Sage Publications.
R. Robertson (1996). Globalization: social theory and global
Culture. London: Sage Publications. Anthony Smith (1995). Nations and Nationalisms in a Global Era.
Cambridge: Polity Press.
John Storey,(1996) Cultural Studies & The Study of Popular Culture Theories and Methods. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia
Press. (Chapter 1) John Storey (ed) (1997) What is Cultural Studies? A Reader.
London: Arnold. (Chapters 1 & 2)
John Storey (2003) Inventing Popular Culture. Oxford: Blackwell.