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Culture

Painting and sculpture

Main article: Art in Paris 

Pierre Mignard, Self-portrait , between 1670 and 1690, oil on canvas, 235 × 188 cm, Louvre 

For centuries, Paris has attracted artists from around the world, who arrive in the city to educatethemselves and to seek inspiration from its vast pool of artistic resources and galleries. As aresult, Paris has acquired a reputation as the "City of Art".[189] Italian artists were a profound

influence on the development of art in Paris in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly insculpture and reliefs. Painting and sculpture became the pride of the French monarchy and theFrench royals commissioned many Parisian artists to adorn their palaces during the FrenchBaroque and Classicism era. Sculptors such as Girardon, Coysevox and Coustou acquiredreputations as the finest artists in the royal court in 17th-century France. Pierre Mignard  becamethe first painter to King Louis XIV during this period. In 1648, the  Académie royale de peintureet de sculpture (Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture) was established to accommodate forthe dramatic interest in art in the capital. This served as France's top art school until 1793.[190] 

Auguste Renoir, Bal du moulin de la Galette, 1876, oil on canvas, 131 × 175 cm, Musée d'Orsay 

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Paris was in its artistic prime in the 19th century and early 20th century, when it had a colony ofartists established in the city and in art schools associated with some of the finest painters of thetimes: Manet, Monet, Berthe Morisot, Gauguin, Renoir  and others. The French Revolution and political and social change in France had a profound influence on art in the capital. Paris wascentral to the development of  Romanticism in art, with painters such as Gericault.[190] 

Impressionism, Art Nouveau, Symbolism, Fauvism Cubism and Art Deco movements allevolved in Paris.[190] In the late 19th century, many artists in the French provinces and worldwideflocked to Paris to exhibit their works in the numerous salons and expositions and make a namefor themselves.[191] Artists such as Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Vincent van Gogh, PaulCézanne, Jean Metzinger , Albert Gleizes, Henri Rousseau, Marc Chagall, Amedeo Modigliani and many others became associated with Paris. Picasso, living in Montmartre, painted his famous La Famille de Saltimbanques and  Les Demoiselles d'Avignon  between 1905 and 1907.[192] Montmartre and Montparnasse  became centres for artistic production.

The most prestigious names of French and foreign sculptors, who made their reputation in Parisin the modern era, are Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi (Statue of Liberty), Auguste Rodin, Camille

Claudel, Antoine Bourdelle, Paul Landowski (statue of  Christ the Redeemer  in Rio de Janeiro) and Aristide Maillol. The Golden Age of the School of Paris ended between the two world wars, but Paris remains extremely important to world art and art education, with schools ranging fromthe École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts (the former Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture) and Paris College of Art to the Paris American Academy, which specialises inteaching fashion and interior design.[193] 

Photography