Culturally Competent Equine Assisted Psychotherapy

Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011

PBJ Connections, Inc. Founded in Central Ohio in 2006

Two locations

Serving Deaf/HOH clients for three years

Provide individual, family group EAP to youth/families

Focus on behavioral and mental health issues


Deafness as a Disability

Audiology

Etiology

Prevalence


Etiology

Malformations Genetic determinants

Waardenburg Syndrome Usher’s Syndrome

Birth trauma/prematurity Illness

Rubella Meningitis Infections

Aging Exposure or physical trauma


Prevalence of Hearing Loss

Compiled by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD). June 2010

82

70

53

18

30

47

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Adults 45-64 Adults 65-74 Adults 75+

Percentage of Hearing Impairment in General Population

Hearing

Hearing Impairment


Prevalence of Hearing Loss - Continued

Compiled by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD). June 2010


Deaf Culture Quiz (True/False) American Sign Language is “iconic” or picture-like.

ASL is used around the world.

Many Deaf parents use spoken English with their children

Most Deaf persons read at a 4th grade equivalency

level.

Only people with hearing loss can be members of the Deaf Community.

Lip-reading comes easily to Deaf people.


Add picture


Deafness as a Cultural Minority A minority is a sociological group that is subnormal

with respect to a dominant group in terms of social status, education, employment, wealth and political power.

The Deaf community is often regarded as a linguistic and cultural minority rather than a disabled group, and many Deaf people do not see themselves as disabled at all. Rather, they are disadvantaged by technologies and social institutions that are designed to cater for the dominant group.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_group Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(sociology)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominant_group

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_status

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_status

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employment

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_power

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_power

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaf_community

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominant_group

Aspects of Deaf Culture Language

(ASL/English sample) Values & Beliefs

Collective not individualistic (other cultures) Behavioral Norms

(attention getting, leave taking, “blunt”) Literary traditions and arts History Shared institutions


Audism Institutionalized oppression - Subtle long-term conditioning of the

public to view the minority group members as less than; the marginalization is normalized and accepted by the public.

Ambivalence - Mixed negative feelings about oneself based on society’s view of being deficit.

Fatalism or passivity - Passively taking whatever happens, feeling that you can do nothing to change things.

Horizontal violence - Frustration at the disenfranchisement resulting in violence and hostility that members of an oppressed group take out on one another.

Benefactors are perfect - Mistaking privilege for perfection. Emotional dependence on the oppressor - Feeling powerless and

believing only members of the majority group can change things. Fear of freedom - Wanting but simultaneously fearing equality and

empowerment. Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011

From: So You Want to Be An Interpreter ,3rd Edition

Potential Treatment Benefits Parentified Child (Parent/Child role reversal)

Empowerment

Language/communication

Behavioral management


Clinical Aspects Theoretical approach

Pre-treatment issues

Length of treatment

Cultural competence of treatment team

Systemic buy-in


Systemic Epistemology Cultural/Political

Professional

Informal Network

Family

Psychological

Biological

From Harvey, 1989


Service Delivery Language variables with Deaf/HOH clients

Interpreting variables

Environmental variables

Equine Variables


What we’ve learned… Interpreting has its limitations

“Buy-in” by vested interests is crucial

Pre-treatment needs to be considered

Impact of Team’s non-verbal/facial expressions on Deaf clients

Motivation is conditional

Repetition is not redundant

Equine language has imitations

Culturally competent staff is necessary

Modifications we have made


Future plans for PBJ Connections Deaf Services After school groups with Deaf/HOH clients

School-based groups with Deaf/HOH clients

Addition of Deaf clinician to staff

Seeking to add Deaf equine specialist to staff

Addition of pre-treatment sessions for Deaf/HOH

clients


Resources ADA Information Services

http://www.ada.gov Gallaudet Research Institute

http://wwwgri.gallaudet.edu National Association of the Deaf

http://nad.org Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf

http://www.rid.org

CopyrBght PBJ Connections - 2011

http://www.ada.gov/

http://wwwgri.gallaudet.edu/

http://nad.org/

http://www.rid.org/

Additional Resources Michael A. Harvey, Psychotherapy with Deaf and

Hard of Hearing Persons: A Systemic Model Neil Glickman, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for

Deaf and Hearing Persons with Language and Learning Challenges

Elizabeth Bruce & Cynthia Shultz, Non-Finite Grief and Loss: A Psychoeducational Approach

Janice Humphrey & Bob Alcorn, So You Want To Be An Interpreter? (3rd Edition)


Contact Information Holly Jedlicka, MSW, LISW

http://www.pbjconnections.org

(614) 395-1395 [email protected]

Karen T. Tinsley, MA, CI, NCC, LPC-CR

(614) 353-1567

[email protected]


Culturally Competent Equine Assisted Psychotherapy · Psychotherapy with Deaf and Hard of Hearing...

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