Dyaryo! Dyaryo kayo jan!Ang mga balitangayon ay makakapagpa-mulat sa ating mgaPilipino!

PHILIPPINE CULTURAL VALUES

Culture (Hilario David)CULTURE simply rendered people’s

lives meaningful. It was a source of identity, of

confidence and of self-esteem. It allows people to understand the

world and to define their places within it.

Culture permitted communities and generations to share a common memory.

Values – from the Latin word VALERE (strong and vigorous)

Prized, esteemed, desired, approved or enjoyed by anyone at any time.It is the actual experience of enjoying a

desired object or activity.

Stages and Development of Filipino Value Formation

1. Childhood- is the phase wherein children comply with the values of those who assert power on them (parents, teachers, nuns, and priests).2. Youth

- during the conventional stage or youth, adolescence identify with their peers, idols and teachers due to interpersonal communication.

3. Adulthood

- the people internalize the values they have imbibed in the first two stages without fear.

Pamantayan System: An Alternative Approach to Filipino

Value System

-Pamantayan is the appropriate model for understanding the Filipino traditional value system.

- The model rightfully answers the question: “Why do Filipinos behave the way they do?” The answer is unanimous: because they observe the same pamantayan for doing things.

Landa F. Jocano

NATU-RE

FUNC-TION

ORIEN-TATION

REFE-RENCES

JUDGMENTS

Extrinsic

Cognitive/ Evaluation

Kamalayan (conscious knowledge)

Person-PersonPerson-Society

Right/ Wrong

Intrinsic

Cognitive/ Expressive

Kalooban (subconscious/ inner feelings)

Person-Self

Good/ Bad

Psychic (extra-sensory)

Affective/ Spiritual

Pananampalataya (faith)

Person-Super-natural

(a)Sacred/ Profane

(b)Strong/ Weak

HALAGA - represents the surface level of the pamantayan system and functions as the cognitive-evaluate core of the system. ASAL - is primarily a behavioral concept which refers to the intrinsic quality and meaning of actions. DIWA - is the spiritual core of our traditional values and the essence of our collective sentiments or psyche as a people.

DiwaAsalHalaga

SOCIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF

EDUCATIONEducation and Society

What happens to the educational system undoubtedly affects the society and whatever occurs in the society influences or shapes the educational system in all its ramifications. We have seen education in particular as a means of cultural transmission from one generation to another. The parents are the first teachers of the child and they still maintain an educative function throughout the early and formative years of the child.

          

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Schools

The Nature and Meaning of Society

A human society is a group of people involved in persistent interpersonal relationships, or a large social grouping sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.

A Dynamic, Changing SocietySociety as a Source of Change

Society changes rapidly Sometimes education cannot

cope up with the fast changing society

Making the “Preparing for students for the world of Tomorrow” is difficult

Think about what we (society) have today that we don’t have last year, or five years ago, or even ten years ago.

Schools as Agents of Change

Changing the literacy. From 3Rs to cultural literacy, scientific literacy, computer literacy, technological literacy, television(or electronic) literacy, and information literacy .

Dealing with Diversity Diversity of culture. Impact of

globalization Race, Class, Gender, and Sexual

Orientation How do Adventist schools deal

with this?

Knowledge as an Agent of Change

Has knowledge grown? Explosion of Knowledge What Knowledge Is of Most

Worth? Organizing Knowledge

Subject-centered Areas of Knowledge

GroupConcepts of Group

A social group consists of two or more people who interact with one another and who recognize themselves as a distinct social unit.

This similarity and the interaction cause them to identify with one another. Identification and attachment, in turn, stimulate more frequent and intense interaction. Each group maintains solidarity with all to other groups and other types of social systems.

Groups are among the most stable and enduring of social units. They are important both to their members and to the society at large.

Types of Group

Formal Group A formal group is created

within an organisation to complete a specific role or task. This may be a one off objective such as the launch of a particular product or service.

Informal Group Informal groups are

established by individuals who decide they want to interact with each other. Informal groups usually do not have a specific purpose; often the group forms because the group members regularly happen to be in the same location or because they enjoy each other's company.

Primary Group A primary group is made up of a small group of people who interact regularly. A small team with a leader is an example of a primary group. A family can also be called a primary group. Within the primary group, values, beliefs and culture are all very important.

Secondary GroupWhen a large number of people get

together (who do not normally get together) it is called a secondary group. Secondary group members do not get the opportunity to get to know each other as well as primary group members because the interaction with each other is less than in a primary group. When a secondary group is formed, individuals usually have their own agenda and goals.

Types of Secondary Group

Peer groupis a group with members of approximately the same age, social status, and interests. CliqueA group of people that have many of the same interests & commonly found in a High School/College setting; most of the time they have a name & rules for themselves.

Club

Cabal

which usually requires one to apply to become a member. Such clubs may be dedicated to particular activities: sporting clubs.group of people united in some close design together, usually to promote their private views or interests in a church, state, or other community, often by intrigue.

Household

Community

All individuals who live in the same home. Anglophone culture may include various models of household, including the family.

a group of people with a commonality or sometimes a complex net of overlapping commonalities

Franchise

Gang

An organization which runs several instances of a business in many locations.They are usually known in many countries to cause social unrest and also have negative influence on the members and may be a target for the law enforcers in case of any social vices

Mob

Posse

It is usually a group of people that has taken the law into their own hands. Mobs are usually groups which gather temporarily for a particular reason.It is generally obsolete, and survives only in America, where it is the law enforcement equivalent of summoning the militia for military purposes.

Squad

Dyad

This is usually a small group, of around 3 to 15 people, who work as a team to accomplish their goals.

a social group with two members. Social interaction in a dyad is typically more intense than in larger groups

Triad

Team

social group with three members, which contains three relationships, each uniting two of the three people. Similar to a squad, though a team may contain many more members. A team works in a similar way to a squad.

In-groupIt is a social group toward which a member feels respect and loyalty. It is a group that an individual identifies in positive direction. If a person is part of the in-group then they are collectively part of an inner circle of friends.

Out-group

It is a social group toward which a person feels a sense of competition or opposition. It is a group that an individual identifies in negative direction.

Education and Social Stratification

In Sociology and Anthropology, social stratification is the hierarchical arrangement of individuals into social classes, castes and divisions within a society. Division in society leads to social inequality.

Categories of Social Stratification

a) Social ClassA social class is a group of people who share a similar economic position in society based on their wealth and income.

• Distinction between wealth and income and their distribution in society.

• Social mobility and the link between class and life chances.

• Changing nature of class and its relationship to the economy and occupational structure.

Three aspects to determine social class:• Wealth Depending of the strata you belong to access to materials and resources will be limited or enhanced.• PowerTeachers have power over their students, they help shapes the lives of children. • PrestigeChildren with parents with high income levels are viewed highly than the (labour workers)

b) Gender or Sex

Male and females are sex categories, while masculine and feminine are gender categories.

• Difference between biological notion of sex and the socially constructed notion of gender.

• Nature and consequences of gender-role socialisation.

c) Race and Ethnicity• Is a category of people who share

inherited physical characteristics and whom others see as being a distinctive group.

• Ethnicity - belonging to a group that shares the same characteristics, such as country of origin, language, religion, ancestry and culture.

• Ethnicity: refers to membership of in a culturally- and geographically defined group that may share language, cultural practices, religion, or other aspects.

A Brief History of raceHistorically scholars have

placed people into three groups:

1. Caucasians - fair skin and straight or wavy hair (whites)

2. Mongoloids - yellowish or brownish skin with distinctive folds on the eyelids (Asians)

3. Negroids - dark skin and tightly curled hair (blacks)

d) Age• Social construction of the concept of age, including awareness of different notions of childhood, adolescence and old age in different societies.• There is an ideology in western

civilizations that the older a person is, the less capable they are of performing work. 

Effect of Social Stratification in Learning/Education

1. The family have money to fund education resources:

putting the lower class child at a disadvantage before they begin education. 

2. Those with economic capital can ensure their children attend in a

better schools and get better education.

3. Students tend to build high

self-esteem

based on material values and the power that parents have, not based on their

abilities and learning achievements.

4. Children who are

orphaned, divorced parents or raised in an institution

they are usually worried to talk about that matter and

get bullied.

How to Control Social Stratification in the Classroom

1. Communication Build trust and harmonious relationship between you (teacher) and your students.

2. Agree on common rules Observe the process of learning and to express their personal opinion.

3. Use interactive teaching methods

Engage themselves by reflecting on citizenship, personal behaviour, and knowing their abilities and the importance of each other.

Discussion

Role Playing

Group Activity

Games

4. Encouraging students to succeedProvide applauses and awards in every achievement of the students.