Cultural changes in the islamic world
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Cultural changes in the islamic world
A Case Study: Turkey and Iran
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Can a state modernize without westernize?
• How is Islam to be used by a society?• Turkey: they saw Islam differently than Iran
(see)• Post WWI Turkey• Kemal Ataturk
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Turkey’s Modernization• Began with a modernization movement after
WWI that embraced Western ideas• Much of the rigid elements of Islamist thought
were disallowed (sharia)• Women could give up the veil• Government moved towards socialism • Authoritarian but Parliamentary• Eventually has sought membership in EU
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Iran’s path to modernity
• Post WWI era saw a startling degree of anger towards West.
• Iran (Persia) had been partitioned against its will in 1906.
• Post WWII era viewed Shah Reza Pahlavi government as a puppet of Western powers.
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Shah and Iran• Coalesced to US on oil deals• Professed anti communist • Secularized government• Looked to abolish Sharia
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Rise of Islamism• As the wealth gap grew and theRelationship with the Great Satan US grew closer, so did the anger in Mosques.
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Revolution!• The Iranian Revolution
of 1979• Too many affronts to
Islam • Shah was forced to
abdicate as the Khomeni revolution had tapped into Iranian Islamist beliefs.
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On a collision course with the USA
• Iranian Hostage Crisis: 1979• Oil Embargo: 1970’s• Iran-Iraq War: 1980’s• Post 9/11 Politics• Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the nuclearization of
Iran and the USA
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