Cultural and Intellectual Movements

Realism and NaturalismMark Twain

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

● “It was a close place. I took . . . up [the letter I'd written to Miss Watson], and held it in my hand. I was a-trembling, because I'd got to decide, forever, betwixt two things, and I knowed it. I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself: “All right then, I'll go to hell”—and tore it up. It was awful thoughts and awful words, but they was said. And I let them stay said; and never thought no more about reforming.”

Stephen Crane

Maggie: A Girl of the Streets

● “As to the present she perceived only vague reasons to be miserable. Her life was Pete's and she considered him worthy of the charge. She would be disturbed by no particular apprehensions, so long as Pete adored her as he did now said he did. She did not feel like a bad woman. To her knowledge she had never seen any better.”

Jack London

● The Call of the Wild

● “He was beaten (he knew that); but he was not broken. He saw, once for all, that he stood no chance against a man with a club. He had learned the lesson, and in all his after life he never forgot it. That club was a revelation. It was his introduction to the reign of primitive law, and he met the introduction halfway. The facts of life took on a fiercer aspect and, while he faced that aspect uncowed, he faced it with all the latent cunning of his nature aroused.”

Painting

Winslow Homer “The Gulf Stream”

Winslow Homer “After the Tornado”

Thomas Eakins “The Champion Single Sculls”

Thomas Eakins “The Gross Clinic”

James McNeill Whistler “Arrangement in Grey and Black”

Mary Cassatt “The Boating Party”

Mary Cassatt: “Lydia Seated in a Garden with a Dog”

Examples of the “Ashcan School”

Examples of the “Ashcan School”

Examples of the “Ashcan School”

Examples of the “Ashcan School”

Armory Show 1913

Architecture

Louis Sullivan, Carson Prierie Scott Bldg.

Louis Sullivan, Wainright Bldg

Daniel Burnham, Flaitron Bldg.

Frederick Law Olmsted, Central Park

INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENTS

Ed, You, Kate, Shawn• Public Schools– 3 R’s, traditional values– Compulsory laws – 90% literacy by 1900– Kindergarten– Tax-supported High Schools• College prep, comprehensive, vocational, citizenship

education.

• Higher Ed– Increase in colleges• Land grant colleges (Morrill Act of 1862)• Philanthropists• Women’s colleges

Education, cont’d• College curriculum– Increase in elective for languages and science– First generation who could compete with

Europeans as scholars

Social Sciences

• Influenced by evolution and scientific method– New social sciences: behavioral psychology, sociology,

anthropology, and political science• Economics – Richard T. Ely of Johns Hopkins attacked

laissez-faire economics. Studied unions trusts and recommended policy

• Evolution’s Influence:– Sociology– Poly Sci.– Historians (Turner)– Law – Oliver Wendell Holmes – Law should evolve with

times to respond to changing needs