Cultural Advances
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Transcript of Cultural Advances
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Cultural Advances
Anthropology
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Culture
• Human Culture: Any learned behaviour, including technology
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Paleolithic Era
• The cultures of pre-historic humans are known mostly through stone tools and other imperishable artifacts
• Early tools (simplest technologies) were thought to be from Paleolithic (“Old Stone Age”)
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Paleolithic Era
• Lower: 2.5mya-100,000ya
• Middle: 250,000ya – 30,000ya
• Upper: 50,000ya – 10,000ya
• These are approximations and obviously overlap
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Lower Paleolithic
• Acheulian tool tradition used and made until roughly 100,00ya when Neanderthals and others achieved a major leap forward in tool making with the development of the Mousterian tool tradition
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Mid-Paleolithic technologies
• Changes in tool making (100,00ya)• Sophistication with dealing with environment
(especially with obtaining food)
• Local groups had differences and therefore variations of tools began
• Most variation was through the “Mousterian” tool tradition
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Mid - Paleo
• This technology was part of their successful adaptation to hunting and gathering, especially in cooler climates like Europe during the last ice age (75,000ya)
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Mousterian (mid-Paleo)
• Reduction of large core tools (hand axes)• Specialized Flake Tools became more common• Levallois Flake
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Levallois Flake
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Uses
• Think of possible uses for the Levallois Flake over the Acheulian tradition…
• Animal Skin prep** (why most important?)• Butchering animals• Cutting small pieces of wood
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• This was the first time that stone tips were affixed to spears
• This provided more effective killing
• Neanderthals were pioneers which is another argument against the idea that they were brutish, apelike, dull-witted creatures
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Neanderthal Culture
• Cooler climates require protection• Evidence of clothing manufacturing?
• Stone Awls were found in sites belonging to Neanderthals
• Wear on incisor teeth similar to Inuit women
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