Cuban Missile CrisisUSA action 1:Bay of Pigs invasion New President, JFK did not want a Communist...

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How can something so beautiful nearly bring an end to the world? Cuban Missile Crisis

Transcript of Cuban Missile CrisisUSA action 1:Bay of Pigs invasion New President, JFK did not want a Communist...

Page 1: Cuban Missile CrisisUSA action 1:Bay of Pigs invasion New President, JFK did not want a Communist ally so close to America. The CIA had came up with a plan. • Cuban exiles (Cubans

Howcansomethingsobeautifulnearlybringan

endtotheworld?

CubanMissileCrisis

Page 2: Cuban Missile CrisisUSA action 1:Bay of Pigs invasion New President, JFK did not want a Communist ally so close to America. The CIA had came up with a plan. • Cuban exiles (Cubans

Asthestorygoes…

TheBerlincrisis,evenwiththewallbeingbuiltseemstohavebeensolved,withneithersideparticularly‘winning’.

RelationsbetweenUSAandUSSRareok?Good?Bad?...

Well,theyareabouttogetawholelotworseaswetraveltoCuba…

Page 3: Cuban Missile CrisisUSA action 1:Bay of Pigs invasion New President, JFK did not want a Communist ally so close to America. The CIA had came up with a plan. • Cuban exiles (Cubans

FidelCastro:• Castroledagroupofrevolutionaries,

alongwithChe Guevarawhichtoppledtheunpopularpro-AmericangovernmentofBatistaWhy?

• AmericanbusinesseshadinvestedheavilyinCubaandmuchofthelandwasownedbyAmericans

• CubawasapopularholidaylocationforAmericans

• Cubanoil,electricity,phonenetworksandrailwayswerecontrolledbyUSA

• USAinvestedinCuba’sbiggestexport,Sugar

WhatwastheCubanRevolution?

Castro,Cuba’snewleaderdidnotwanthiscountry’seconomybeing

controlledbyUSA

Page 4: Cuban Missile CrisisUSA action 1:Bay of Pigs invasion New President, JFK did not want a Communist ally so close to America. The CIA had came up with a plan. • Cuban exiles (Cubans

Followingtherevolutiontherewerethreemainareasoftension

Early1959:Americangovernmentreluctantlyrecognisedthenewgovernmentbutrefusedtoprovideeconomicaid.By1960,Eisenhowerhadbannedtheimportofsugar,threateningtobankruptCuba.By1961,alltradehadbeenbanned

May1959:CubangovernmenttookoveralllandinCuba,itpaidthepreviousownerscompensationbuttheUSAdidn'trecognisethisscheme.Castrotookthelandanyway

February1960:CastrohadbegunappointingcommuniststohisgovernmentalreadybutinFebruary,hemadeadealwithKhrushchev.USSRwouldbuyCubansugarandprovideeconomicaidtoCuba.USSRwouldalso,secretly,providearmstoCuba.

USAbrokeoffALLdiplomaticrelationswithCuba.

Whichofthesedoyouthinkisthebiggestsourceoftensionandwhy?

Page 5: Cuban Missile CrisisUSA action 1:Bay of Pigs invasion New President, JFK did not want a Communist ally so close to America. The CIA had came up with a plan. • Cuban exiles (Cubans

WhatisCubainhere?(Akeytermfromearlierinthecourse)…

SPHEREOFINFLUENCEBy1960,itwasclearthatCastrohadfirmlymovedtothesupportandinfluenceofKhrushchevandtheSovietUnion

Page 6: Cuban Missile CrisisUSA action 1:Bay of Pigs invasion New President, JFK did not want a Communist ally so close to America. The CIA had came up with a plan. • Cuban exiles (Cubans

I’mreallynothappyatallaboutthisrelationshipgrowingjust145kmfromUSsoil!Ourbanontradehasjustmadeitworse,Castrohasmade

hisdealwithKhrushchev.

We’regonna havetodosomethingaboutit…

ThiswasmassiveforKhrushchevwhowascomingundersomepressureathome.ToinfluenceacountrysoclosetoUSA,wasvital!

Page 7: Cuban Missile CrisisUSA action 1:Bay of Pigs invasion New President, JFK did not want a Communist ally so close to America. The CIA had came up with a plan. • Cuban exiles (Cubans

USAaction1: BayofPigsinvasion

NewPresident,JFKdidnotwantaCommunistallysoclosetoAmerica.TheCIAhadcameupwithaplan.

• Cubanexiles(CubanswhohadleftCuba)couldbetrainedtolaunchaninvasionandoverthrowCastro.

• UsingCubanexileswouldmakeitlooklikeaCubancounter-revolution,sotheUSAcouldclaimtonothavebeeninvolved!

15April1961:USplanesbombedpartoftheCubanairforce16April1961:PlannedsecondwaveofUSbombingscalledoff17April1961:1400Cubanexileslandedatthe‘BayofPigs’

19April1961:Fightingendedwith1100exilescapturedand100dead

Page 8: Cuban Missile CrisisUSA action 1:Bay of Pigs invasion New President, JFK did not want a Communist ally so close to America. The CIA had came up with a plan. • Cuban exiles (Cubans

Whathappenedatthe’BayofPigs’?

• Wasatotaldisasterandfailure• Volunteershadverylittlemilitaryexperienceandwere

nomatchfortheCubanrevolutionaryarmy• BecausetheyweretryingtopresentitasaCubanattack,

JFKcouldnotsendsupport• Castrohadfoundoutabouttheinvasionplansandhad

20,000soldiersreadyandwaitingtofightoffthe1400!• USAwronglyassumedmostCubanswouldsupportthe

counter-revolution,manywerehappywithCastro

Castro(andKhrushchev)tookgreatdelightinshowingoffimagesofthefailedattackaswellasshowingtheUSinvolvement,makingthisapublichumiliationfortheUSA.

Oops

Page 9: Cuban Missile CrisisUSA action 1:Bay of Pigs invasion New President, JFK did not want a Communist ally so close to America. The CIA had came up with a plan. • Cuban exiles (Cubans

Impact(consequences)ofthefailedBayofPigs:

• CastrohadbeenlosingsupportinCubaduetothedifficulteconomicsituationfollowingUStradeembargo,butthisattackunitedtheCubansandLatinAmericaagainstUSA,asitlookedlikeUSAwastryingtodotheverythingithadaccusedUSSRof,buildingempiresandtakingcontrolofindependentcountries.

• KennedywasembarrassedandvowedtoremoveCastro

• USinvolvementpushedCubaclosertoUSSR,particularlyasKhrushchevhadsaidthisshowedthestrengthofCommunism

• Attheendof1961,CastroannouncedhisconversiontoCommunism!

• KhrushchevhadplacedcombatunitsandadvisorsinCuba,hesawthisasthebeginningsofspreadingCommunismtoLatinAmerica

• September1961:KhrushchevwasalsoconcernedabouttheUSmissilebasesinItalyandTurkey,sohesaidhewasplacinghismissilestheretoeventhebalanceofpowerandto“defendCubafromanotherUSattack”

• KennedytoldKhrushchevthathecouldnotallowUSSRtouseCubaasabasetothreatentheUSA.Khrushchevsaidhehadnointentionofdoingso…

Page 10: Cuban Missile CrisisUSA action 1:Bay of Pigs invasion New President, JFK did not want a Communist ally so close to America. The CIA had came up with a plan. • Cuban exiles (Cubans

Next…

TheCubanMissileCrisis…


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