SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN

Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (Honours)

INTEGRATED ASSIGNMENT:MEASUREMENT I (QSB60104)

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY I (BLD 60104)BUILDING MATERIALS (BLD 62003)

SITE VISIT REPORT

STUDENT NAME: LEE KAILYN

STUDENT ID NO.: 0320273

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 27th NOVEMBER 2015

TABLE OF CONTENT

Introduction Pg.3 Objective Pg.4Content/ Technical Observation Pg.5 - 8 Photos and Description Pg.9 - 13 Conclusion Pg 14

Introduction

In this assignment, we are require to make a visit to construction site and writing up a site report of the combinations for the three subjects. The three subjects included Measurement 1, Construction Technology 1 and Building Material. The site visit was organized by our programme director, Ms Ang. We had visited the site on 19th November 2015. We were told by our lecturers to wear proper attire for the site visit due to the safety reasons. Besides, long pants, covered shoes and also the white helmet were required while enter the construction area. There are 82 students and 2 lecturers which is Ms Ang and Ms Azrina. We were separated into 2 buses. The site is located at Sekyen 2A, Antara Gapi, Hulu Selangor, Selangor. It’s made of a semi-detached house and it consists of 96 units. It consists of 4 types of houses which is Type 1, Type 2A, Type 2B and Type 3.

After we arrived the destination, we were brief by the project manager who is Mohd Sobri Bin Hj.Ab.Majid. He brief us about the construction site and project to us. After briefing the construction site and project, we started to visit around the site and Mr Sobri and his colleagues explained the construction progress to us. They were very nice and willing to answer all our question.

From our observation, we knew the job of scope included pad footing, constructing ground beams, construction of pile and pile caps work and also removal of formwork to pad footing. Besides, we were lucky to have the opportunity to investigate in the built-up building and we were also able to investigate starting works as well because not all of the units were built at once. It’s expected to be completed in July of 2016.

The briefing session. Visiting around the site

Objectives of site visit

● To understand the basics of the construction progress.

● To witness the usage of construction equipment on site including mechanical plants.

● To explore and identity various types of building materials and technology on site.

● To explain the construction of buildings and the scientific principles that underpin the design and construction.

● To assist the students on knowledge for the preparation of their future career.

● To be aware of the importance of safety on site and understanding of safety problems and site condition.

● To explore the types of building materials and technology use to construct a building.

● To make us learnt the significant of teamwork and communication skills.

● To experience the actual working environment as a Quantity Surveyor.

● To understand the practical aspect of construction techniques on site and the comparison of theories from books.

Content/ Technical Observation

This construction site has applied pad footing. Pad footing is used to support individual or multiple columns, spreading the load to the ground below. They are generally square and rectangle in plan to transfer load from structure to the ground. These are provided at shallow depth and shallow foundations. Besides, these are the steps of constructing a pad footing.

Step 1: Site Clearance

Before constructing a building, cleared of site like brushwood, stumps of tree, vegetation is required. This is to make it ready for construction.

Step 2: Excavation First of all, excavation is needed. Excavate topsoil to reach the average 1.60m depth from the original level. Topsoil will depth excavated which is not required to be preserved will be remove from the site. After that, excavation to reduce level average depth 1.20m is required by using an excavator. It is excavated until it obtains the required depth and plan dimensions.

Step 3: Lean concrete

Next, it’s time to pour a layer of lean concrete. A lean concrete mixture is then poured and levelled. The purpose of the lean concrete is to provide an even surface to the foundation concrete. It is also helps to prevent direct contact of foundation concrete with the soil.

Step 4: Formwork

A formwork is then placed according to the plan dimensions. Reading for the plan adjustment and adjusting to fit the size and position are required. It’s also required to add stud to prevent the falling of formwork. Besides, bracing is then used to hold the formwork in position. This is to ensure that the formwork would be strong enough to withstand the horizontal forces of the concrete when it is poured.

Step 5: Placement of reinforcement bar for pad footing and column stump

Before placing the reinforcement bar, concrete cover is needed. It’s time to arrange the reinforcement bar. We build the formwork and placing the rebar into the formwork and also column stump. The reinforcement is placed on top of the concrete spacers. The concrete spacers are used to maintain the reinforcement in the proper position. Concrete spacers can also prevent rebar from corrosion protect them from fire to a certain length of time help to provide proper transfer of stresses from concrete to steel rebar. Placing a starter bar, a starter bar is tied to the reinforcement, the purpose of the starter bar is so that the reinforcement of the column can be tied to it.

6) Filling for concrete

Next, it’s time to pour the concrete. Reinforced concrete Grade 30 (20-25mm agg.) is then poured into the formwork. Adequate compaction is ensured by using vibrators or self-compacting concrete. It has allowed the concrete to cure before proceeding to the next stage of construction.

7) Removal of formwork

Lastly, a RC pad footing is completed when the concrete is hardening and gains sufficient strength, and also dismantle the formwork.

Material

The materials involved in constructing a pad footing are traditional timber formwork, concrete and Y16 h.t steel rod rebar.

Material 1: Traditional timber formwork:

Formwork in construction is the use of support structures and moulds to create structures out of concrete which is poured into the moulds. Formwork can be made using moulds out of steel, wood, aluminium or prefabricated forms. The first material that involved in constructing a pad footing is traditional timber formwork. It is used most common material used for bracing the member, hence it is called as the traditional formwork. The traditional formwork can easily be cut to size on site. Joist are replaced with engineered wood beams and supports are replaced with metal props. This makes this method more systematic and reusable. Timber formworks can be constructed at a lower initial cost than steel due to higher availability and cheaper production costs. The cost of timber varies depending on the quality and treatment of the wood. People new to building formworks typically choose timber because it requires no special tools nor a high level of construction experience. It is also easier to handle due to its light weight.

Material 2: Lean Concrete:

The second material that involved in constructing a pad footing is lean concrete. Lean concrete normally is used under the foundation. The main function for lean concrete is to provide the uniform surface to the foundation concrete and to prevent the direct contact of foundation concrete from the soil.

Material 3: Concrete

The third material that involved in constructing a pad footing is concrete. Concrete is easily readily prepared and fabricated in all sorts of conceivable shapes and structural systems. Concrete is considered as chemically combined mass where the inert material acts as a filler and the binding materials act as binder. The most important binding materials are cement and lime. Inert materials used in concrete are termed as aggregates. Most common aggregates are sand, brick chips, gravels, shells, etc. Reinforced concrete Grade 30 (20-25mm agg) in pad footing.

Material 4: Y16 High Tensile Steel Rod Rebar

The last material that involved in pad footing is rebar. Rebar, it is also called as reinforcement bar, uses ridge carbon steel to create reinforced concrete structures. The ridge allow the bar to adhere to the concrete and stay in place as surrounding structures put tension on the beam, its enable the concrete to support heavy structures. Concrete can be made very strong in direct compression but has only one tenth the strength, when tension is applied. Rebar provides tensile strength to the concrete so that all loads applied to the concrete are safely sustained. The function for the rebar is to provide structural stability to a building, the tensile strength qualities of rebar are combined with the compression strength of concrete. Rebar also helps to control natural shrinkage that occurs following concrete installation as well as the expansion and contraction that occur due to changes in temperature. The total reinforcing in each component must safely withstand the dead loads, live loads, wind pressures, and seismic forces.

Photos and Description

Information of construction is written on the board.

The overall look of the site which is using pad foundation.

This is the pile.

One of the machinery which is excavators that can be found in the site.

Scaffolding which helps the labours can access the structure easily.

Mesh fabrics reinforcement can be found on site.

Reinforcement bars that has not bend on site.

Site office is needed on site.

Construction bricks to construct building.

Concrete mixer can be found on site.

Learning Outcome/Conclusion

Through this visit, I am very excited because it was my first time to construction site.

I am able to practice what I learnt from the lecture class on the actual construction site.

Besides, I was able to understand the basics of construction progress. I was also able to

be aware the importance of safety on site as we must wear helmets, covered shoes and

long pants when we enter the site. I was able to see and touch the real building material

for construction that used to construct a building. Moreover, I was also able to learn the

ability of communicating with the construction teams on site. I was glad that I was able to

identify the building material and the construction technology on site. The environment

on site is very hot, it’s not easy to work under the hot sun. To me, it’s another exposure

for me to the actual working environment. Besides that, the site visit makes me to have a

better understanding of a building structure such as reinforcement bars, formwork,

column, concrete bars, beams and others more that I have learnt in the class.

Lastly, the site visit was a great experience for all of us. I get to gain more

knowledge about construction and understand more what we studied. I hope we get to

have another chance to go for another construction visit.