Absorption costing, Activity Based Costing & Standard Costing
CSVA 2008 Conference - Value · PDF filezTarget Costing leads to greater ideas in all three...
Transcript of CSVA 2008 Conference - Value · PDF filezTarget Costing leads to greater ideas in all three...
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CSVA 2008 Conference
Steve Taylor Presentation
Target Costing
October 28, 2008
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Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
• Client Budget Constraints• VE Job Plan for Target Costing • Sample Projects
•Building•Roadway•Sewage Treatment Plant
•Questions
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Client Budget ConstraintsClient Budget Constraints
VE a tool for:– Innovation– Cost control– Cost effective/budget control ( maximize every
dollar available to clients)Pre-workshop phase defines the magnitude of the constraint.Is there a fixed budget for the project and an estimate that significantly exceeds it? If yes – consider target costing
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VE Job Plan VE Job Plan
VE job plan can led to:– Innovative proposals that can improve value
(better performance at little or no change to project cost)
– Proposals to reduce scope (unnecessary or unwanted functions) with no change to performance
– -Cost savings related to greater reduction in cost than reduction in performance
Target Costing leads to greater ideas in all three categories
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Target CostingTarget Costing
Forces organized definition of resources to match budgetWhat is the best project that can be delivered for the budget ….not what is the best project that can be deliveredForces value judgement on worth to the customer (consensus building on difficult decisions)
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Target Costing StepsTarget Costing Steps
VE Job Plan uses functional analysisModern analyses use FAST diagrammingConventional Functional Analysis –Focuses on components/functions/costs and worth (best Suited for Target Costing)
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Traditional Functional AnalysisTraditional Functional Analysis
Worth(Target Cost)
CostTypeFunctionComponent
Sum of Target Costs = Budget
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Case Study: Building ProjectCase Study: Building Project
Algonquin College Ottawa
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Sample Building ProjectSample Building Project
Police Justice Building Algonquin CollegeDesign Build projectMaximum Upset price $18 millionBudget $14 million
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Target Costing Functional AnalysisTarget Costing Functional Analysis
SPass Fire Trucks
SPass Trucks
UnwantedUnwantedRaise Building
SPass Cars
BasicMove Pedestrians(link buildings)
PedestrianBridge
Worth(Target Cost)
CostTypeFunctionComponent
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FunctionsFunctions
Unwanted – Raise buildingRequired Basic – Link BuildingMaximum vertical elevation 5.0 m fire codeStudy Results– Minimize elevation to 4.5 m (existing bridges)– Accept slope on interior floor– Eliminate 4 ft unwanted building height– $14 million contract
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Case Study: Highway ProjectCase Study: Highway Project
Highway 15 MTO eastern Region
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Key IssuesKey Issues
Meeting the objectives of SOHP i.e. resurfacing, passing lanes and bridge replacementTraffic volumes generally 20% lower than existing conditions in 1992Crosby Creek Bridge immediate need for replacement
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Project FunctionsProject Functions
Highest Order Goals– Satisfy Users– Satisfy Stakeholders
Basic Function– Improve Mobility– Improve Safety
Supporting Functions:– Protect Environment– Limit Property Impacts– Maintain Access– Accommodate Other Users
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FAST ExerciseFAST Exercise
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WP 479-92-00 (23.58km)WP 4315-06-00 (3.53km)
Average %age of
total cost
%age of project cost
Total Project Length (27.11km)Asphalt 9,002,762 44.3 20.9Granulars 4,508,485 22.2 10.5Grading 2,264,649 11.1 5.3Drainage 1,546,378 7.6 3.6Removals 736,427 3.6 1.7Guiderail 656,885 3.2 1.5Traffic Control 423,443 2.1 1.0Fencing 261,674 1.3 0.6Pavement Markings 215,750 1.1 0.5Landscaping 230,162 1.1 0.5Electrical 207,546 1.0 0.5Curb & Gutter 132,654 0.7 0.3Environmental 133,183 0.7 0.3
Sub-total 20,320,000 100.0 47.3
Intersections (South to North)Big Hill Road / Bay Road 50,000 0.1County Road 43 (North junction) 50,000 0.1County Road 32 100,000 0.2Parking Bay (15+800) 25,000 0.1Lyndhurst Road 100,000 0.2Back Street 25,000 0.1MTO Lay By Station 15,000 0.0Sweets Corners Road / Thomas Road 100,000 0.2Jones's Falls Road 100,000 0.2Muchmore Road 25,000 0.1Mallens Road / Bush Road 50,000 0.1Smiths Road / Franks Road 100,000 0.2Kingston Road 50,000 0.1County Road 8 / Davis Locks Road 50,000 0.1Perth Street 50,000 0.1Earle Dwyre Road 15,000 0.0Freeman Road / Chaffey's Locks Road 150,000 0.3Crosby Creek structure 1,063,125 2.5Crosby Road 25,000 0.1County Road 42 150,000 0.3Highway 15 Realignment 5,600,000 13.0
Sub-total 7,893,125 18.4
Passing LanesSB-12 (2330m) 4,660,000 10.8NB-7 (1860m) 3,720,000 8.7SB-9 (1785m) 3,570,000 8.3NB-9 (1413m) 2,826,000 6.6
Sub-total 14,776,000 34.4
TOTAL PROJECT COST 42,989,125Allowance for CA (10%) and Utilities(3% 5,588,586Most Probable Capital Cost 48,577,711
10M6M 7M 8M 9M1M 2M
20,320,000
4M 5M3M
Cost Model Cost Model (Seeleys Bay to Big Hill Road)(Seeleys Bay to Big Hill Road)
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Estimated Cost Model (100 km/h Estimated Cost Model (100 km/h design speed, 4 passing lanes, design speed, 4 passing lanes, County Road 42 realignment and County Road 42 realignment and Crosby Creek Structure)Crosby Creek Structure)
Seeleys Bay to Big Hill Road - $48.5 millionPortland - $3 millionTOTAL - $51.5 million
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Target Cost (pavement rehabilitation, Target Cost (pavement rehabilitation, 2 passing lanes, Crosby Creek 2 passing lanes, Crosby Creek Bridge and Portland)Bridge and Portland)
Seeleys Bay to Big Hill Road - $24 millionPortland improvements - $5 millionTOTAL - $29 million
Target worth for project = $29 million
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Cost Worth Analysis (Seeleys Bay to Cost Worth Analysis (Seeleys Bay to Big Hill Road)Big Hill Road)
$1$1Bridge
$14$14Pavement rehabilitation
Worth (m)Cost (m)ComponentAsset Management
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Target Cost (Worth) Analysis Target Cost (Worth) Analysis (Seeleys Bay to Big Hill Road)(Seeleys Bay to Big Hill Road)
$2$15Passing LanesWorth (m)Cost (m)Component
Mobility
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Cost Worth Analysis (Seeleys Bay to Cost Worth Analysis (Seeleys Bay to Big Hill Road)Big Hill Road)
$1Side roads $5Geometrics $6Realignment $1Turn Lanes$6Cross Section
$3$4ClearzoneWorth (m)Cost (m)Component
Safety
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Target Cost ( Worth) Analysis Target Cost ( Worth) Analysis (Portland)(Portland)
$0$0.7Crest curve flattening
$2.5$2.3Rehabilitation
Worth (m)Cost (m)Component
All Roadworks
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Summary of CostsSummary of Costs
$24$5Budget
$49$3To standards to 100 km/h design standards
Seeleys BayPortlandDesign
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Creative PhaseCreative Phase
138 Ideas Generated43 Ideas Short Listed29 Ideas Carried Forward to Development
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VE Team Prioritization VE Team Prioritization
421
3
VE Ranking
Low (28)High (38)
High (39.5)
Medium (29.5)
Performance
Yes ($11.9)4No ($25.2 m)3No ($29.3 m)2
Yes ($24 m)1
Affordability(1)(2)
Strategies
Notes:1) Including Minor Operational and Safety VE Ideas2) Budget based on direction of $24 million provided during workshop
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Case Study: Wastewater Treatment Case Study: Wastewater Treatment PlantPlant
Morrisburg Ontario
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VE PrioritiesVE Priorities
Cost Highest PriorityPerformance Second HighestSchedule Lowest Priority
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Current Project BudgetCurrent Project Budget
Current funding limits dictate that:
Total Budget $13,377,307Total Budget $13,377,307
Includes:– Capital cost– Construction contingencies
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Cost Model Cost Model -- RevisedRevised
Updated Cost Model
16.6%
9.5%
3.1%
27.4%3.0%9.7%
5.5%
1.4%4.4%
1.7%
17.7%
Front Office/LaboratoryPumping StationScreen/Grit RemovalWW Treatment TankageUltravoilet DisinfectionMechanicalElectricalSCADAOutfallDecommissioning WorkATAD Slidge Treatment/Storage
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Capital Cost Estimate Capital Cost Estimate –– Target CostTarget Cost
Components Revised TargetTarget
Building $2.13M $1.55M$1.55MProcess $11.70M $9.90M$9.90MOutfall $0.59M $0.59M$0.59MPump Station $1.38M $1.38M$1.38MDecommissioning $0.25M $0.15M$0.15M
Capital Cost $16.05M $13.57M$13.57M
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Function AnalysisFunction Analysis
Highest Order Functions– Protect Public– Control Pollution
Basic Function– Treat Sewage
Key Secondary Functions– Manage Solids– Manage Liquids
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CreativityCreativityVE Targets– SBR Process 18 Ideas– Sludge 10 Ideas– Main Building 14 Ideas– Equipment 3 Ideas– Pumping Station 5 Ideas– Outfall 7 Ideas– Mechanical/Electrical 4 Ideas– Other 7 Ideas
Total 68 Ideas
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Sample VE IdeaSample VE Idea
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SBR ProcessSBR Process
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SubSub--Team Tasked with Idea Team Tasked with Idea Development to Achieve Target CostDevelopment to Achieve Target Cost
Ideas developed based on functional analysis and prioritizationTeam included design and independent TeamIndependent Team had expertise to support size reduction of tankSacred Cow was the roof- Landmark Design of design teamSub-team reported back to team. Did not reach target cost. Advised to return until target cost reached. In doing so roof was identified as secondary function that had to be eliminated to reach target cost
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SBRSBR--03/1303/13Description– Optimize SBR size
Reduce size by 1/3Reduce blowers from 6 to 4
Advantages– Lower capital cost– Provides adequate treatment
Disadvantages– Needs to be confirmed through modelling (additional
cost $20,000) Cost Implications– Cost Savings up to $885,000 (includes roof removal)
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Proposed Site PlanProposed Site Plan
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Proposed Floor PlanProposed Floor Plan Reduced Area
Eliminated Roof
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QuestionsQuestions