Css class 10 socio-economic context 120309
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Transcript of Css class 10 socio-economic context 120309
Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation Planning, Environmental
Analysis and Design
1
CSS within the Socio-Economic Context
Class 10
Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation Planning, Environmental
Analysis and Design
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• Community Impact Assessment (CIA)
• Application to team project
Learning Outcomes
Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation Planning, Environmental
Analysis and Design
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Re-Defining Context
Laws & Regulations
Project
Context
for
Transportation
Natural EnvironmentHuman Environment
Politics?Funding?
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Analysis and Design
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• The Socio-Economic Community– Cultural resources– Economic structure– Social structure– Public health– Public spaces– Recreational amenities– Noise
Human Context
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Analysis and Design
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• Community– Diversity– Neighborhoods
• Economic conditions– Income– Employment– Mobility– Navigable waterways– Industries
• Public facilities & services
• Land use planning– Existing development– Fast paced new
development– Zoning
• Cultural resources– Archaeological sites– Historical structures or
sites• Air quality• Noise• Railroads
Transportation Issues
Human Environment
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Analysis and Design
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• Technical Issues– Traffic management
effectiveness– Compatibility with
regional planning– Emergency
evacuation routes– Cost-effective solution
• Public Involvement– Meets public
needs/perception– Supported by local
elected officials
Transportation Issues
Human Environment
http://www.dansmithartist.com/Weekly-Cartoons/Hurricane-Preparedness-8-3-06.jpg
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Analysis and Design
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CIA – What is it?
Community Impact Assessment• Process to evaluate the effects of a
transportation action on a community and its quality of life – integral part of project planning and
development – Shapes outcome of a project– used continuously to mold the project– documentation of current and anticipated
social environment of area with and without action
• Should include mobility, safety, employment effects, relocation, isolation, and other issues
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Analysis and Design
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Why Use CIA?
• Alerts affected communities and residents, as well as transportation decisionmakers, to the likely consequences of a project, and ensures that human values and concerns receive proper attention during project development
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Analysis and Design
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Why Use CIA?
• Quality of Life• Responsive Decision-
making• Coordination• Nondiscrimination
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Analysis and Design
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Impact Assessment
• Economic development opportunities • Regional development goals and
plans • Traffic congestion and safety • Transit considerations • Bicycle, pedestrian and greenway
considerations • Accessibility and parking
considerations
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Analysis and Design
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Impact Assessment
• Business, institutional and residential relocations and impacts
• Community stability and neighborhood cohesion
• Tax base changes, changes in employment
• Visual impacts • Farmland impacts • Scenic rivers and water supply
watersheds • Title VI and Environmental Justice • Secondary/cumulative impacts
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Analysis and Design
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Environmental Justice
“No person in the United States shall, on the ground
of race, color, or national origin be excluded from
participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be
subjected to discrimination under any program or
activity receiving Federal financial assistance.”
– Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
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Analysis and Design
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Environmental Justice
Presidential Executive Order 12898 directed every Federal agency to make environmental justice part of its mission byidentifying and addressing the effects of all
programs, policiesand activities on “minority populations and low-income populations.” The requirements of this Executive Order extend to all recipients and subrecipients of Federal financial assistance.
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Analysis and Design
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Environmental Justice
Three fundamental principles of Environmental Justice (EJ)
1. To avoid, minimize or mitigate disproportionately high andadverse human health and environmental effects, includingsocial and economic effects, on minority populations andlow-income populations.
2. To ensure the full and fair participation by all potentiallyaffected communities in the transportation decisionmakingprocess.
3. To prevent the denial of, reduction in or significant delayin the receipt of benefits by minority and low-income populations.
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Analysis and Design
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Environmental Justice
Applies to All Transportation Decisions• Policy Decisions• Systems Planning• Metropolitan and Statewide Planning• Project Development and Environmental Review
under NEPA• Preliminary Design• Final Design Engineering• Right of Way• Construction• Operations and Maintenance
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Analysis and Design
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Environmental Justice
Regional Mobility Authorities (RMA) and Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO) Roles• RMAs are political subdivisions that can accelerate
needed transportation projects through the direction of a local board making local choices about local mobility needs to enhance the quality of life and economic growth of residents within a region
• MPOs are primary forum where TxDOT, transit providers, local agencies and the public develop local transportation plans and programs that address a metropolitan area’s needs. MPOs can help local public officials understand how Title VI and environmental justice requirements improve planning and decision making.
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Environmental Justice
Title VI Compliance and EJ• Enhance their analytical capabilities to ensure that
the longrange transportation plans and the transportation improvement program (TIP) documents comply with Title VI.
• Identify residential, employment and transportation patterns of low-income and minority populations so that their needs can be identified and addressed and the benefits and burdens of transportation investments can be fairly distributed.
• Evaluate and, where necessary, improve their public involvement processes to eliminate participation barriers and engage minority and low income populations in transportation decision making.
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Analysis and Design
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Environmental Justice
Title VI Compliance and EJ – Transit Providers• Ensure that new investments and changes in transit
facilities, services, maintenance and vehicle replacement deliver equitable levels of service and benefits to minority and low-income populations.
• Avoid, minimize or mitigate disproportionately high and adverse effects on minority and low-income populations.
• Enhance public involvement activities to identify and address the needs of minority and low-income populations in making transportation decisions.
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Analysis and Design
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Environmental Justice
Title VI Compliance and EJ – The Public• Participate in public involvement activities
(meetings, hearings, advisory groups and task forces) to help responsible state and local agencies understand community needs, perceptions and goals.
• Get involved with state and local agencies to link SAFETEA-LU programs with other federal, state and local resources to fund projects that support community goals.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/ej2.htm www.txdot.gov
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Analysis and Design
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Assessment Process
Define the Project Study Area • In coordination with engineers,
develop various project alternatives which satisfy the project purpose and need, and identify areas of potential impact
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Analysis and Design
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Assessment Process
Develop a Community Profile • Determine the characteristics of the
affected area, such as neighborhood boundaries, locations of residences and businesses, demographic information, economic data, social history of communities, and land use
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Community Profile
• Geographic and political location • Race, ethnicity and age • Income, poverty status and
unemployment • Business activity/employment
centers • Public facilities, schools and
institutions • Police, fire, EMS and public services • Existing/future land uses and
present/future zoning • Local/regional land use and/or
development plans • Consistency with local/regional
plans
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Analysis and Design
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Assessment Process
Analyze Impacts • Examine the impacts to the
community of the proposed action versus no action
• Identify and investigate the consequences of the transportation action
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Assessment Process
Identify Solutions • Identify and recommend potential
solutions to address adverse impacts• Techniques include avoidance,
minimization, mitigation, and enhancement
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Analysis and Design
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Assessment Process
Use Public Involvement • Basis to develop project alternatives• Source of information to develop the
community profile• Tool to identify and evaluate impacts• Method to identify acceptable ways
to address impacts
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Assessment Process
Document Findings • In addition to oral presentations,
present the findings of the community impact assessment in written form for use by decisionmakers, to record findings, to disseminate to interested parties, and to support subsequent decisions
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Analysis and Design
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Assessment Process
Iterative Process • Communities are dynamic and
constantly changing. As options change, the analyst must make appropriate re-evaluations and adjustments in findings, particularly if there are substantial time lapses in project development.
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• Part 3 - FHWA, Flexibility in Highway Design, 1997 http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/flex/
Reading Assignment
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Analysis and Design
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• http://www.ciatrans.net/index.shtml
References