CSR Plan For Dr.Narla Tata Rao Thermal Power Station under...

CSR Plan for Narla Tata Rao Thermal Power Station Stage V (1X800 MW) of APGENCO, Krishna District, A.P.

CSR Plan For Dr.Narla Tata

Rao Thermal Power Station

under Stage V of APGENCO,

Krishna District

SUBMITTED BY

CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT & SOCIAL RESEARCH

.

JULY 2013

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Project Details


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Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.1 BACKGROUND

Andhra Pradesh Power Generation Corporation Limited (APGENCO) is one of the pivotal

organizations of Andhra Pradesh, engaged in the business of Power generation. Apart from

operation & Maintenance of the power plants it has undertaken the execution of the ongoing

& new power projects scheduled under capacity addition programme and is taking up

renovation & modernization works of the old power stations. APGENCO has proposed to set

up a coal based thermal power generation power generation unit of 800 MW as an expansion

unit to the existing units at Dr. Narla Tata Rao Thermal Power Station, Ibrahimpatnam,

Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh. APGENCO is in the process of obtaining environmental

clearance for the project. MOE&F, GoI directed to furnish report on the activities to be taken

up under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for considering Environmental Clearance.

However, in order to improve the socio-economic status of the local population, a set of

interventions aimed at raising the socio-economic status and human development indicators

of the local community are proposed through a community development plan. In recognition

of this and in line with the guidelines of the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF),

Government of India, it is proposed to objectively assess development needs of the local

communities, to plan and implement measures and to conduct a socio-economic baseline

survey. The outcome of the needs assessment and the baseline survey would serve as inputs

in preparing a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) plan for the local population.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objective of the study is to prepare a CSR Plan to develop the geographic area on the

periphery of the project site and study how to contribute to the socio-economic development

of the areas contiguous in area of operation.

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1.3 SCOPE OF WORK

The scope of the study shall cover environmental conditions of MoE&F, GOI in the TOR

prescribed for Dr. NTTPS Stage-V (1 X800 MW).

Identification of activities to be taken up under CSR in the nearby villages within 10Km from

Dr.NTTPS and preparation of action plan. While identifying CSR activities it shall be ensured

that need based assessment for the nearby villages within 10Km radius from the project shall

be conducted to study economic measures with action plan which can help in upliftment of

poorer sections of society.

Income generating projects consistent with the traditional skills of people shall be identified

and implementation programme shall be prepared. Development of fodder farm, fruit bearing

orchards, vocational training etc. shall form part of such programme. Vocational training

programme for possible self employment shall be identified for imparting to pre- identified

villagers free of cost. The study shall also cover various schemes under implementation by

Government Agencies and establish effectiveness and suggest suitable measures to strengthen

infrastructure in collaboration with the Government.

The following fields were considered while identifying activities to be taken up under CSR.

They include the following :

1. Education;

2. Healthcare;

3. Drinking Water;

4. Roads;

5. Sanitation;

6. Training facilities;

7. Rehabilitation of Physically handicapped people etc.

The study covered all villages that are affected due to the Dr. NTTPS. The study shall be

exhaustive, focused and shall meet the requirements of MoE&F, GOI and CSR objectives. The

scope of study includes carrying out a sample baseline socio-economic survey to

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generate the necessary data and information, so as to prepare an appropriate CSR Plan for

local population. The broad scope of work includes the following:

1. To generate a baseline profile of the villages neighboring the project site and detailing

the existing community infrastructure facility;

2. To generate a profile of accessibility and availability of basic amenities such as schools,

colleges, ITI, Polytechnics, health facility, water facility, transport facility, roads,

recreation facility etc in the identified villages;

3. To generate a baseline skill profile of the local population;

4. To provide details of income generation and employment programmes and schemes

implemented locally by the concerned administrative setup;

5. To generate a baseline of skill upgradation and training programmes implemented

locally;

6. To generate a baseline of institutions that provide the skill development and training

for income generation;

7. To verify the presence of vulnerable groups such as widows, SC/ST, disabled, women

headed etc., among the affected land owners;

8. Conduct consultation with the local representatives and undertake a gap analysis and

prioritize development interventions;

9. To prepare preliminary estimates for the proposed development interventions as part

of the CSR Plan;

10. Prepare a detailed CSR plan including both capital and recurring cost provision;

11. The scope also shall cover point No. xxvii, xxviii, xxix, xxx, xxxi and xxxii of TOR

approved by MOE&F, GoI (Copy of the ToR presented as Annexure-4);

12. The CSR activities implemented so far by Dr. NTTPS to be mentioned in the report;

1.4 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

This study carried out wide-ranging consultations with various stakeholders and collected

both primary and secondary data. The study adopted both quantitative and qualitative

approaches to the data collection and analysis. The quantitative data collection inevitably

included socio-economic survey of identified households in the habitations of surrounding

villages. The qualitative data collection employed participatory methods such as village-

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level meetings, focus group discussions (FGDs) with diverse stakeholder groups, and

interviews with functionaries of relevant implementing agencies, community leaders, civil

society representatives and other stakeholders. Key tasks undertaken as part of the study

include the following.

1.4.1 Initial Round of Consultations in Sampled Villages

The core purposes of the initial round of consultations were: to gain a broad understanding of

each village and to inform the village communities of the proposed survey; to identify the

core development gaps; to get an idea of the sample size, that is, the number of households

that could be surveyed and to gauge their willingness to be surveyed and if so check on their

availability; to identify all stakeholders who should be consulted during the study such as the

village representatives, community leaders, government officials such as MPDOs, Village

Secretaries, Mandal Educational Officers (MEOs), Mandal Revenue Officers (MROs), Mandal

Agricultural Officers (MAOs), Animal Husbandry Officers (AHOs), PHC staff members, SHG

members, Doctors and other Village Medical Practitioners (VMPs).

1.4.2 Socio-Economic Survey at the Household Level

The sample socio-economic survey for the households identified will help in identifying the

existing socio-economic conditions, and living standards of local people, their vulnerability,

status of infrastructure and access to people including health and education facilities. A socio-

economic survey questionnaire was used for the household survey. The core issues covered

by the survey questionnaire include:

Socio-Economic Profile: it covered dimensions such as family structure, occupations,

income levels, housing status, and assets owned;

Access to basic services; health status; participation in development schemes of the

government; and the level of linkages with mainstream economic and social systems;

Access to employment including labour wages; living and working conditions of

workers; and educational and skills status;

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Poor and vulnerable persons/families: such as the SCs, STs, women headed

households, elderly, physically or mentally challenged; and their socio-economic

profile;

Perceptions and feedback on issues related to social and physical infrastructure,

welfare schemes and the interventions needed to address the gaps and deficiencies.

1.4.3 Qualitative Survey

Quantitative surveys may not always reveal the complete picture. This is particularly true

with regard to assessing the development needs and priorities of the poor and vulnerable

sections. Qualitative methods are particularly useful in assessing the larger and systemic

issues that need to be addressed in order to raise the socio-economic status of the local

communities. In other words, qualitative approaches supplement and complement the

quantitative methods and help us in either qualifying or confirming or modifying the results

of quantitative surveys.

The qualitative survey included community consultations, focus group discussions and in

depth interviews with various sections of the local people such as Panchayat members,

community leaders, women, children, persons with disabilities, knowledgeable persons/key

informants, and government officials to elicit their interests, needs, expectations and

suggestions, which were incorporated into the CSR Plan. The consultations also focused on

exploring mechanisms for participation in planning, implementation and monitoring of

community development measures.

1.4.4 Coverage & Sampling

The study covered 18 villages, rather habitations falling under 15 Gram Panchayats, covering

3 Mandals viz Ibrahimpatnam, Vijawada Rural and G.Konduru within the vicinity of the

project site located in the core zone area, that is, within 10 km radius of the plant. The list of

villages was finalized after a preliminary field visit and consultations with the local people

and the SE/Civil /O&M/Dr.NTTPS. An average sample of 15 households�with the actual

sample depending on the size of the habitation�was selected from each location for the socio-

economic household survey. Thus a total of 277 households were covered under this study.

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Multistage stratified random sampling method was adopted in selecting the households for

the socio-economic survey. The selection of the households was based on criteria such as large

farmers (high income households), medium farmers (middle income households) and low

income households (BPL Households) and social status such as SC/ST/OBC.

1.4.5 Data Analysis & Reporting

The quantitative data collected through the structured questionnaire was systematically

coded, validated, tabulated and analyzed. Wherever required, the analysis was supplemented

with information collected through desk research. The detailed qualitative information

collected from a range of stakeholders supplemented the primary data. The deliverables of

this survey consist of a Draft CSR Report, submitted after systematic analysis of primary data

and a synthesis of qualitative information. The report contained a detailed CSR plan for the

company.

1.4.6 Reconnaissance Field Visit

The study team made a preliminary visit to the plant site and the surrounding locations on

3rd December, 2012. The preliminary field visit was aimed at familiarizing ourselves with the

study locations, to interact with the local community members, to identify the villages falling

within the 10 km radius of the plant, to inform and prepare the local public for the field

survey to be launched soon.

The secondary purpose of the site visit was to get a sense of basic socio-economic conditions

of the villages in the core zone that would be helpful in preparing the study instruments (such

as questionnaires and checklists) and plan survey logistics. The following villages have been

selected based on our field visits and consultations with the communities and the client.

Therefore the CSR study was carried out in the villages of:

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The team leader of the study apprised the client of the preliminary visit; the interaction also

focused on the core issues that need to be addressed by the study. The above processes helped

the team in preparing the questionnaires and checklists for the study. The study tools consist

of:

Socio-Economic Survey: Household Questionnaire;

Socio-Economic Profile of the Village;

Checklist for Community Consultations; and

Checklist for Focus Group Discussions.

Location map removed due to memory

constraint

Ibrahimpatnam Mandal 1. Ibrahimpatnam 5. Mulapadu 9. Guntupalli 2. Tummalpalem 6. Trilochanapurarm 10. Elaprolu 3. Jupudi 7. Kethanakonda 11. Kottur 4. Kileshapuram-Jupudi GP 8. Kotikalapudi 12. Kondapalli

Vijaywada (Rural) Mandal 1. Rayanapadu 2. Paidurupadu 3. Surayapalem-Gollapudi GP G. Konduru Mandal 1. Velagaleru 2. Kavuluru 3. Kattubadipalem-Kavuluru GP


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4.4 CSR ACTIVITIES SO FAR UNDERTAKEN BY Dr. NTTPS

Table 4.1 Description of the CSR activities

Drinking water

Provided drinking water facility to the Ibrahimpatnam and Kondapalli villages through � 120 taps

Sparing of 4 Cusecs of water for rural water supply scheme for 40 villages

Agriculture

Irrigation through decanted water from Ash pond to 750 acres of land in villages of Ibrahimpatnam, Jupudi, Kileshapuram, Trilochanapuram and Mulapadu

Education

Education through D.A.V. Public School from LKG to SSC to 485 students of Ibrahimpatnam and Kondapalli

School building for Z.P. High School for Girls at Kondapalli village along with 4 acres of Land

Organised educational awareness training programme at Ganginenipalem, Duggiralapadu, Ramannapalem (2011-12)

Health

Distribution of Homeo medicines in the month of May, 2009

Medical camp and distribution of medicines in Dec, 2009

Medical camp and distribution of medicines in June, 2009

Mega medical camp and distribution of medicines in Mar, 2009

Conducted Medical camps in Guntupalli, Jupudi, B-Colony, Kazipet, Rayanapadu, Tummalapalem, Kethanakonda, Jupudi, Kondapalli, Ibrahimpatnam and Elaprolu

Conducted Veterinary camp at Elaprolu, Ibrahimpatnam and Kotikalapudi (in February 2012)

Conducted medical camp at Elaprolu, B colony and Mulapadu (2011-12)

Awareness Camps

Conducted public awareness camps on adult education, distribution of plants, cleanliness of public places in villages and ash utilization in Kileshapuram, Ferry, Kotikalapudi, Kachavaram, Chilukuru, Surayapalem, Nave potavaram, Donabanda, Damuluru, G. Konduru, Atkuru, Munagapadu, Gadda munugu and Kattubadi palem.

Conducted awareness training programmes at Tummalapalem, Mulapadu and Chinanandigama (2011-12)

Socio-economic Development

Provided 4 bus shelters

Maintenance of major drains in Ibrahimpatnam

Co-operative stores facility extended to Ibrahimpatnam and Kondapalli


Cooking Gas supply through Dr.NTTPS cooperative stores

Function halls and play grounds provision for the villages

Maintenance of lined canal of Tummalapalem lift irrigation

Provision of accommodation of Public Utilities in Ibrahimpatnam

Post office

State Bank of Hyderabad

Telephone Exchange

ATMs of SBH, Axis Bank and Andhra Bank

APSRTC Reservation Counter

Petrol and Diesel Filling Station

Primary Health Centre

Raithu Bazar

Provision of accommodation of Public Utilities in Kondapalli

ATM for SBH

Construction of Bridges in : Gollapudi (3 nos), Surayapalem (1 No), Guntupalli (1 No), Tummalapalem (2 Nos), Tummalapalem (2 Nos for Super Passages), Culvert across Ibbadi vagu in Jupudi � 1 No.

Some photographs of the works which have been completed as part of the CSR initiative are

shown below.

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4.5 PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF CSR ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN BY Dr. NTTPS

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4.6 DETAILS OF PROPOSED CSR INITIATIVES & BUDGET

Based on the present BSR rates of Andhra Pradesh the cost estimations were prepared and for

some activities lump sum rates were proposed to be taken the CSR activities in selected

villages in Dr.NTTPS. To ensure that a detailed budget can be developed, attempt is made to

derive at a unit cost for each activity. The Table 4.2 below provides the details of unit costs.

Table 4.2 Item wise estimation for implementing the CSR activities in Dr.NTTPS Category

no. Activities Unit Cost in Rs.

1 Construction of drains 100 m 85000

2 Construction of CC Roads with a width of 4.0M 1000 m 5500000

3 Community toilets including regular water supply and septic tank The location for setting up of community toilets will decided by the local Panchayat and maintenance shall be done by Panchayat at their cost.

1 No. 1000000

4 Providing over Head Tank with 5 HP motor 60000 ltr capacity

2500000

5 Laying of BT road 1 km 1500000 6 Laying Drinking Water supply pipelines(100 mm dia PVC pipe ) 1 km 300000 7 Providing Solar Street lights 1 No. 30000

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Providing Mineral water plant (RO Plant ) for safe drinking water The location for setting up of RO plant will be decided by the local Panchayat and operation costs of the plant will be borne by Panchayat. Only annual equipment maintenance will be provided by APGENCO

1 No. 1000000

9 Development of green belt (including cost of plant, labour charges, tree guard etc.) - Capital expenditure Rs. 1500/- per 1 sapling for initial plantation and one year maintenance @ Rs. 500/- per 1 sapling

1 sapling 2000

10 Conducting of Training programme for youth and employment opportunities (for one year)/Income Generating Activities trainings for women

Training cost per person

28000

11 Providing Individual Toilets 1 No. 25000 12 Construction of building for Veterinary Hospital 1 No. 500000 13 Development of Burial Ground/Approach road to the graveyard Lump Sum 250000

14 Providing furniture, computers, sports kits, protective grills, libraries and development of play ground

Lump Sum/Per village 8,75000

15 Development of culverts at junctions Lump Sum 600000 16 Boundary wall for school 1 Rm 2500 17 Construction of Sedimentation tank 1 Sqm 3200 18 Providing Fencing on both sides of the water supply canal 10 Rm 10000 19 Water canal revetment 1 m 5000 20 Providing Sump for Harijanawada Lump Sum 100000 21 Providing Dust bins 1 No. 5000 22 Cement benches in the villages Lump Sum 250000 23 Development of existing ponds/lakes Lump Sum 500000

24 Providing maintenance cost of toilets in schools and replacement of sanitary fittings and salary of cleaner per annum

Lump sum/ school

180000

25 Construction of building for dispensary (15�X15�) 1 No. 500000 26 Construction of building for anganwadi centre (15�X15�) 1 No. 500000


Table 4.2 Item wise estimation for implementing the CSR activities in Dr.NTTPS Category

no. Activities Unit Cost in Rs.

27 Developing of Dump yard Lumpsum 200000 28 Rehabilitation of physically challenged persons Lumpsum 2727000 29 Conducting awareness campaigns against sexually transmitted diseases Lumpsum 3,60,000

In the above table each activity has been given a reference number. The following Table 4.3

Provides the details of number of works under each activity and the total budget under each activity have been calculated based on the unit rate proposed.

Table 4.3 Proposed CSR Budget

S.No Details of Projects Capital or Initial

Investment (in Rs Lakh)

Recurring Costs

(in Rs lakh) A. DRINKING WATER

1. Construction of OH tanks with 5 HP submersible pumps in 7 villages: @ Rs. 25,00,000 per 60,000 liters capacity Ibrahimpatnam - 1,50,000 Ltrs Mulapadu - 60,000 Ltrs Trilochanapuram - 90,000 Ltrs. Kotikalapudi - 90,000 Ltrs. Paidurupadu - 25,000 Ltrs. Kavulu -1,80,000 Ltrs. Kattubadipalem - 90,000 Lts. Total :6,85,000 Ltrs.

285.42 16.00

2. Providing safe drinking water through RO Plants In 7 villages @ Rs.10 lakh per plant Tummalapalem Jupudi / Kileshapuram Mulapadu Kotikalapudi Paidurupadu Surayapalem Kattubadipalem The locations of RO Plants will be decided by the local Panchayat and operation costs of the plant will be borne by Panchayat only. Annual maintenance will be provided by AP GENCO

70.00 14.00

3. Drinking water supply pipe lines : 100 mm dia PVC Pipe @ Rs. 3 lakh per 1 Km (4�) in 8 villages. Maintenance of pipeline will be done by APGENCO Jupudi/Kileshapuram - 1.5 km Mulapadu - 3.0 km Trilochanapuram - 3.0 km Kethanakonda - 2.0 km Paidurupadu - 5.0 km Kondapalli - 8.0 km Kavuluru - 3.0 km Rayanapadu - 5.0 km --------------- Total 30.5 km

91.50 10.00

TOTAL OF A 446.92 40.00





Recurring Costs

(in Rs lakh) B. SANITATION

1. Providing Individual Toilets in a Phased manner in Kondapalli and Paidurupadu villages. The selection of beneficiaries will be done by APGENCO in consultation with Gram Panchayat. Initially 50% cost will be released and balance 50% will be released after construction of the toilets and subject to satisfaction of APGENCO officials. 160 toilets in each phase over a period of 5 years Total 160 toilets X Rs. 25000 = Rs. 40,00,000

-- 40.00

2. Construction of Community Toilets with continuous water supply, septic tanks etc. 2 Nos. X Rs. 10,00,000=Rs.20,00,000 2 Locations in Kondapalli village The location of Community Toilets will be decided by the local Panchayat and maintenance shall be done by Panchayat at their cost.

20.0

TOTAL OF B 20.00 40.00 C. EDUCATION

1. Providing furniture, computers, sports kits, protective grills, books for library and development of play ground, @ Rs.8.75 lakh in 4 villages: Ibrahimpatnam Trilochanapuram Kethanakonda Kotikalapudi

35.00 4.00

2. Boundary wall for schools in 4 villages: 1Rm @ Rs. 2500/- Kotikalapudi - 40Rm Guntupalli - 50Rm Rayanapadu - 50Rm Surayapalem - 50Rm Total - 190Rm X 2500

4.75 --

3. Construction of building for Anganwadi centre in Ibrahimpatnam (15� x 15�). Site has to be provided by Gram Panchayat

5.0

4. Assistance to Panchayats for providing drinking water and maintenance of toilets in schools in hygienic condition. Necessary man power, consumables and replacement of sanitary fixtures and fittings shall be done by the Panchayats out of this assistance only. Towards end of each year, all the schools will be inspected by APGENCO officials and only after ascertaining that drinking water supply arrangements and maintenance of toilets have be maintained satisfactorily, then only next year assistance will be released to the panchayats. 56 Schools x Rs. 15,000 / month x 12 months = Rs. 100.80 lakh per year

--

100.80

TOTAL OF C 44.75 104.80 D. HEALTH CARE

1 Conducting Health Camps once in 6 months at Gram Panchayat Office of each village - for Hernia, Eye Disorders, Allergies, Arthritis, Communicable Diseases, ENT, Gynec Diseases, Oral Care, Kidney and Gall Bladder stones, Ureteric stones, Moles, Fibroid (tumours), Urinary Infection, Appendicitis, Thyroid and

-- 64.00





Recurring Costs

(in Rs lakh) others for 18 villages.

Village Budget (in Rs. Lakh) Ibrahimpatnam 10.00 Tummalapalem 2.00 Jupudi/ Kileshapuram 4.00 Mulapadu 4.00 Trilochanapurarm 2.00 Kethanakonda 4.00 Kotikalapudi 2.00 Guntupalli 6.00 Elaprolu/ Kotturu 2.00 Kondapalli 12.00 Rayanapadu 3.00 Paidurupadu 3.00 Surayapalem 2.00 Velagaleru 2.00 Kavuluru 4.00 Kattubadipalem 2.00 Total 64.00

2 Construction of Veterinary Hospitals in 4 villages : Lump sum 5 lakh per village Jupudi /Kileshapuram Kotikalapudi Rayanapadu Paidurupadu Total - 4 x 5,00,000 = Rs. 20,00,000

20.0

3 Construction of Dispensary Building in Jupudi /Kileshapuram (Lumpsum)

5.0

4 Awareness campaigns for Sexually Transmitted Diseases such as HIV/AIDS, water borne diseases, Sanitation and hygiene etc. 18x1x20000

-- 3.60

TOTAL OF D 25.0 67.60 E. INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

1 Construction of drains in 12 villages @ Rs. 85000 for 100 m: Ibrahimpatnam - 2000 m Tummalapalem - 1000 m Mulapadu - 3000 m Trilochanapuram - 1000 m Kethanakonda - 2000 m Kotikalapudi - 3000 m Paidurupadu - 700 m Surayapalem - 1000 m Kondapalli - 2500 m Elaprolu/Kotturu - 4000 m Velagaleru - 3000 m Kavuluru - 2000 m Total � 25200 m

214.20 42.84

2 Solar Street lights in 10 villages @ Rs.30,000 per unit : Jupudi/Kileshapuram � 125Nos. Mulapadu - 30 Nos. Trilochanapuram - 75 Nos. Kethanakonda - 100 Nos.

164.70 3.29





Recurring Costs

(in Rs lakh) Kotikalapudi - 50 Nos. Guntupalli - 30 Nos. Rayanapadu - 30 Nos. Surayapalem - 6 Nos. Kondapalli - 3 Nos. Elaprolu/Kottur - 100 Nos. ----------- Total 549 Nos

3 Construction of CC Roads in 13 villages with a width of 4.0M, @ Rs. 55,00,000 / 1000 m : Ibrahimpatnam - 1900 m Jupudi/Kileshapuram - 2600 m Mulapadu - 1200 m Trilochanapuram - 1000 m Kethanakonda - 1700 m Kotikalapudi - 1800 m Guntupalli - 400 m Rayanapadu - 1300 m Paidurupadu - 700 m Surayapalem - 500 m Kondapalli - 2675 m Elaprolu/Kotturu - 2000 m Kavuluru - 1500 m Total - 19,275 m

1060.12

10.60

4 Laying of BT Road @ Rs. 15,00,000 / 1000 m in Tummalapalem - 1500 m

22.5

--

5 Development of Burial Grounds @ Rs.5 Lakh lump sum for 3 villages Tummalapalem Kethanakonda Paidurupadu

15

--

6 Construction of sedimentation tank @ Rs.3200 per 1 Sqm Ibrahimpatnam - 630 Sqm

20.16 4.03

7 Barbed wire fencing with stone pillars (fencing) on both sides of water supply canal @ Rs.10,000 per 10 m Tummalapalem - 1500 m

15.00 --

8 Water canal revetment @ Rs.5000 per 1 m Mulapadu - 80 m

4.00 --

9 Construction of Sump @ Rs.1,00,000 (Lump sum) in Rayanapadu Village

1.00 --

10 Providing Dust bins in the villages @ Rs.5000 per 1 unit Kethanakonda � 10 nos. Kotikalapudi - 30 nos.

2.00 --

11 Cement benches in the village main corners @ Rs. 2.5 lakh ( LS) in Trilochanapuram Village

2.5 --

12 Development of existing ponds/tanks @ Rs. 5 lakh (LS) in Kavuluru

5.0 --

13 Culverts at road junctions @ Rs.5 Lakh Lump sum Elaprolu/Kotturu

5.0 --

14 Construction of retaining wall alongside the river bank for Pallekar community in Tummalapalem village (LS)

20.00 --

TOTAL OF E 1551.18 60.76 F. LIVELIHOOD ENHANCEMENT & YOUTH EMPOWERMENT





Recurring Costs

(in Rs lakh) 1. Training to the identified people (94 nos) in the surrounding

villages through industry Dept. (or) State Govt. Depts. in the ITI�s for trades such as electrician, welders, fitters, drafts men etc in Modular employable skills or at institutes like National Academy of Construction etc in the useful trades including Training fee, monthly stipend. No of Villages: 18 Details of estimate: Fee for 1 year = Rs. 10000 Stipend per 1 year = Rs. 15000 Books per 1 year = Rs. 3000 TOTAL = Rs. 28000

S.No Village No. of Cost persons (Rs) 1 Ibrahimpatnam 12 336000 2 Tummalapalem 4 112000 3 Jupudi/ Kileshapuram 6 168000 4 Mulapadu 6 168000 5 Trilochanapurarm 3 84000 6 Kethanakonda 7 196000 7 Kotikalapudi 5 140000 8 Guntupalli 9 252000 9 Elaprolu/ Kotturu 4 112000 10 Kondapalli 12 336000 11 Rayanapadu 5 140000 12 Paidurupadu 4 112000 13 Surayapalem 2 56000 14 Velagaleru 7 196000 15 Kattubadipalem 3 84000 16 Kavuluru 5 140000

Total 94 2632000 @ 94 Nos X Rs. 28,000=Rs. 26.32 Lakh.

-- 26.32

TOTAL OF F - 26.32 G. ENVIRONMENT & GREEN BELT DEVELOMENT

1. Plantation proposed in vacant lands/Government lands and Capital expenditure Rs. 1500/- per 1 sapling for initial plantation including tree guards and one year maintenance @ Rs. 500/- per 1 sapling. List of Villages Ibrahimpatnam - 200 Nos. Tummalapalem - 200 Nos. Trilochanapuram - 100 Nos. Kethanakonda - 250 Nos. Kotikalapudi - 100 Nos. Guntupalli - 300 Nos. Surayapalem - 200 Nos. Kondapalli - 300 Nos.

27.75 9.25





Recurring Costs

(in Rs lakh) Velagaleru - 200 Nos.

TOTAL OF G 27.75 9.25 H. ASSISTANCE TO VULNERABLE GROUPS (ANGANWADI, SELFHELP GROUPS, WOMEN EMPOWERMENT, SC & STs)

1 Assistance to Anganvadi, Self Help Groups, Women empowerment, SC & STs. If required with assistance from Govt. Departments and banks. Taking average cost at Rs. 50,000/ 1unit X 94 units = Rs. 47.00 Lakh. Units will be provided in proportionate to vulnerable population in each village.

Sl No. Village No. of Units Assistance 1 Ibrahimpatnam 12 600000 2 Tummalapalem 4 200000 3 Jupudi/ Kileshapuram 6 300000 4 Mulapadu 6 300000 5 Trilochanapurarm 3 150000 6 Kethanakonda 7 350000 7 Kotikalapudi 5 250000 8 Guntupalli 9 450000 9 Elaprolu/ Kotturu 4 200000 10 Kondapalli 12 600000 11 Rayanapadu 5 250000 12 Paidurupadu 4 200000 13 Surayapalem-Gollapudi GP 2 100000 14 Velagaleru 7 350000 15 Kavuluru 5 250000 16. Kattubadipalem 3 150000 Total 94 4700000

-- 47.00

TOTAL OF H -- 47.00 I. REHABILITATION OF PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED

1 Rehabilitation of physically challenged persons, widows and Senior citizens belonging to land loser households at Trilochanapuram� Lump sum

-- 27.27

Total of I -- 27.27 GRAND TOTAL (A+B+C+D+E+F+G+H+I) 2115.60 423.00

To sum up, the proposed CSR budget is as follows: Rs 2115.60 lakh of initial investment and about Rs 423.00 lakh of recurring expenses per annum.

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4.8 INTERNAL MONITORING MECHANISM

A Station Level Monitoring Committee (SLMC) would be constituted to review the progress

of CSR initiatives once in every six months. In addition, bi-annual evaluation by the SLMC,

social audits of CSR activities would be carried out by an independent agency. Social

accountability to the community would be the utmost priority of the CSR initiatives and

activities taken up as by the Dr.NTTPS.

4.8.1 Station Level Monitoring Mechanism

A Station Level Monitoring Committee (SLMC) would undertake bi-annual evaluation of the

works and other tasks scheduled as part of the CSR activities. The committee would focus on

the following.

1. Quality of the scheduled CSR activities;

2. Adherence of timelines pertaining to CSR activities;

3. Compliance with the community priorities identified;

4. Compliance to quality reviews;

5. Support third party social audits;

6. Support and act as Appellate Authority for acting on resolutions identified as part of

the social audits organized as part of the third part evaluation;

4.8.2 Third Party Social Audit

Social audit as an accountability tool to be acceptance and to be effective it requires a strong

commitment from its initiators. It helps in rectifying the gaps in implementation and thereby

further improving the impact of the CSR activities in the most effective manner. It also

ensures greater transparency and accountability of the functionaries implementing the CSR

activities. The successful implementation of social audit can be achieved by putting in place

the required manpower. The institutional arrangements for the social audit of CSR activities

implemented by AP GENCO will include 2 levels namely;

103


1. Station Level Monitoring Committee (Appellate Authority); and

2. Third Party Social Audit Committee.

The Third Party Social Audit committee will be formed at the station level. The works

implemented as part of the CSR activities will be directly audited at the field level by the

Third Party Social Audit Committee.

The size of the Third Party Social Audit Committee could be around 5 members who will

work as a single audit unit. For infrastructure projects the size of the audit committee can be

determined based on the size of the project on a case to case basis. In a single audit committee,

4 members will be selected from the beneficiary families and 2 members from a Civil Society

Organisation/Third part Facilitator.

Roles & Responsibilities of the Third Party Social Audit Committee

The roles and responsibilities of the Third Party Social Audit Committee would include but

not limited to the following.

1. Possessing comprehensive knowledge of AP GENCO CSR Initiatives and objectives;

2. Creating awareness among stakeholders & encouraging participation of beneficiaries;

3. Examining and keen analysis of the implementation of the CSR initiatives;

4. Recording information collected through consultations & discussions;

5. Preparing social audit reports based on the information through consultations and

verification;

6. Incorporating various issues, facts & complaints received into the social audit report;

7. Organizing public meeting to inform the beneficiaries and other stakeholders on the

outcomes of the audit; and

8. Reporting the findings of the social audit to the SLMC.

104


Social Audit Process

The process of social audit should be explained stage wise so that the report will be self

explanatory. The social audit process will be common for all social audits as given below.

1. Forming the Third party Social Audit Committee

2. Preparing a Time schedule for the audit

3. Preparing a Budget for Social Audit

4. Building a Conducive Environment for Social Audit

5. Information Collection

6. Collating & Consolidating Information collected

7. Verification of Information

8. Preparing for Public Meeting

9. Introduction & Initiation

10. Display of Charts

11. Facilitating Discussions and finalizing Resolutions

12. Follow-up Activity

Time & Frequency of Social Audit

Most of the CSR initiatives undertaken by AP GENCO are of smaller scale. It is found that

some of the works may be implemented for a longer period. An audit of projects with longer

duration has to be timely and well planned. There could also be projects that are implemented

for a shorter duration and are smaller in size. Keeping this in view the time and frequency of

social audit is mentioned as follows.

Shorter & Small Works: For works that are of shorter duration and smaller in size the

social audit may be conducted after the completion of the work. The details of the

work completed may be crosschecked and verified based on the standards mentioned

in the technical sanction.

Longer and Large Scale Works: For works that are of longer duration and are bigger in

size the audit may be conducted both during the construction and after the completion

of the project.

105


Page Nos 106 to 112 deleted

due to memory constraint


ANNEX 2 � VILLAGE PROFILE DATA

BASIC DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

Sl.No Name of the Village Total

Population Males Females Total House

Holds 1 Ibrahimpatnam 29439 13686 15753 7504

2 Mulapadu 5373 2722 2651 1105

3 Jupudi

4 Kileshapuram 4766 2298 2468 1355

5 Thrilochanapuram 1182 578 604 350

6 Kethana Konda 5163 2613 2550 1366

7 Kotikalapudi 3068 1545 1523 857

8 Kondapalli 33297 16730 16567 8954

9 Elaprolu

10 Kothur 2074 1013 1061 604

11 Guntupalli 11179 5597 5582 3137

12 Tummalapalem 2656 1351 1305 812

13 Kavaluru 5487 2745 2742 1602

14 Kattubadipalem 2594 1310 1284 725

15 Velagaleru 5064 2522 2542 1393

16 Rayanapadu 3504 1745 1759 957

17 Paidurupadu 2354 1158 1196 743

18 Surayapalem (Gollapudi GP) 1228 618 610 201

113


EDUCATION AND HEALTH

Sl.No Name of the

Village Primary School

Upper Primary School

Secondary School

Out-of-School

children

Total Literacy

Rate

Male Literacy

Rate

Female Literacy

Rate PHC/

SC

1 Ibrahimpatnam 7 2 2 1 71.65 48.65 51.35 1

2 Mulapadu 3 -- 1 -- 67.24 54.65 45.35 1

3 Jupudi

4 Kileshapuram 4 -- -- 1 66.62 51.81 48.19 --

5 Thrilochanapuram 1 -- -- -- 56.68 52.84 47.16 1

6 Kethana Konda 2 -- -- -- 68.76 54.20 45.80 1

7 Kotikalapudi -- 1 -- -- 60.66 56.31 43.69 1

8 Kondapalli 13 1 2 -- 71.29 53.71 46.29 1

9 Elaprolu

10 Kothur 2 -- -- 1 66.88 54.00 46.00 1

11 Guntupalli 3 -- 1 -- 78.65 52.96 47.04 1

12 Tummalapalem 1 -- -- -- 65.59 52.76 47.24 --

13 Kavaluru 1 1 1 -- -- -- -- 1

14 Kattubadipalem -- 1

-- -- -- --- --- ---

15 Velagaleru 2 -- 1 -- -- -- -- 1

16 Rayanapadu 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- 1

17 Paidurupadu 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

18 Surayapalem -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- GOVERNMENT SCHEMES

Sl. No Name of the

Village PDS-APL

PDS-BPL AAY

PDS-Annapurna

Mid-day

Meal SHGs NREGA Housing ICDS

(Anganwadi)

1 Ibrahimpatnam 1901 4850 175 0 11 377 1452 237 2

2 Mulapadu 77 1350 116 0 4 60 989 259 1

3 Jupudi

4 Kileshapuram 1901 1141 18 3 4 90 1072 168 2

5 Thrilochanapuram -- -- -- 0 1 38 600 170 1

6 Kethana Konda 82 1081 77 4 2 87 883 158 3

7 Kotikalapudi 24 784 71 3 1 42 754 185 3

8 Kondapalli 2080 5698 131 1 16 444 1076 135

9 Elaprolu

10 Kothur 124 482 71 2 2 46 542 71 2

11 Guntupalli 1486 1413 70 3 4 115 876 245 5

12 Tummalapalem 66 620 37 1 1 63 283 9 1

13 Kavaluru 63 1753 99 1 3 107 1025 587 3

14 Kattubadipalem 11 710 22 - 1 43 556 152 2


Sl. No Name of the

Village PDS-APL

PDS-BPL AAY

PDS-Annapurna

Mid-day

Meal SHGs NREGA Housing ICDS

(Anganwadi)

15 Velagaleru 96 1494 124 2 1163 10 867 223 3

16 Rayanapadu -- 941 18 0 -- -- -- -- 1

17 Paidurupadu -- 767 34 0 -- -- -- -- 1

18 Surayapalem -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 LAND HOLDINGS AND LAND CATEGORIES

Sl.No Name of the Village Land 5-10 acres Land 2.5 � 5 acres Land <2.5 acres

1 Ibrahimpatnam 29 314 50

2 Mulapadu 8 120 20

3 Jupudi

4 Kileshapuram 24 184 38

5 Thrilochanapuram 42 48 25

6 Kethana Konda 19 119 36

7 Kotikalapudi 34 220 30

8 Kondapalli 41 252 77

9 Elaprolu

10 Kothur 56 158 74

11 Guntupalli 95 409 103

12 Tummalapalem 14 80 16

13 Kavaluru -- -- --

14 Kattubadipalem -- -- --

15 Velagaleru -- -- --

16 Rayanapadu 31 85 499

17 Paidurupadu 37 64 336

18 Surayapalem 88 249 1348 115


LAND USE PATTERN In acres

Sl.No Name of the

Village Total Area

Private Land

Govt Land

Cultivated Land

Fallow Land

Grazing Land

Forest Land

1 Ibrahimpatnam 3786.76 3692.61 94.15 990 47 12 20

2 Mulapadu 760.88 361.02 399.86 439 35 4 3

3 Jupudi

4 Kileshapuram 1909.89 1416.19 493.7 838 51 22 3

5 Thrilochanapuram 1815.1 1376.1 439 760 24 12 2

6 Kethana Konda 609.19 518.51 90.68 408 26 6 2

7 Kotikalapudi 1514.14 781.37 732.77 942 38 19 1

8 Kondapalli 3704.92 2908.9 796.02 885 65 11 5

9 Elaprolu

10 Kothur 1673.4 1171.5 501.9 1103 44 5 1

11 Guntupalli 2535.91 1688.45 847.46 1129 57 15 1

12 Tummalapalem 539.66 320.85 218.81 293 66 2 2

13 Kavaluru 5172.79 -- 411.5 626.45 -- -- --

14 Kattubadipalem -- -- -- -- -- -- --

15 Velagaleru 3365.94 -- 630.37 479.8 -- -- --

16 Rayanapadu 2081 -- -- -- -- -- --

17 Paidurupadu 974 -- -- -- -- -- --

18 Surayapalem 5637 -- -- -- -- -- -- CROPPING PATTERN - KHARIF SEASON

In acres

Sl.No

Name of the Village

Co

tto

n

Pad

dy

Su

gar

can

e

Bla

ck g

ram

Mai

ze

Veg

etab

les

Fo

dd

er

Pal

my

ra

Gre

en g

ram

Others

1 Ibrahimpatnam 15 503 236 2 15 9 4 5 3-plantains, 2-eucalyptus, 10-coconut, 7-turmaric

2 Mulapadu 170 82 14 -- 10 150 5 1 -- 3-plantains

3 Jupudi

4 Kileshapuram 75 400 201 -- 15 20 6 3 -- --

5 Thrilochanapuram 150 315 -- -- 45 150 4 5 -- 8-mango, 4-eucalyptus

6 Kethana Konda 150 140 10 4 25 30 3 1 -- 4-redgram, 5-usiri, 10-subabulu, 10-eucalyptus

7 Kotikalapudi 90 65 186 20 25 254 7 5 -- 10-flowers, 200-Sesamum

8 Kondapalli 340 433 -- -- 15 5 7 3 -- 37-Chillies, 5-regu, 14-eucalyptus

9 Elaprolu

10 Kothur -- 1013 -- 20 6 2

15

3 20 5-eucalyptus

11 Guntupalli -- 1080 -- -- 2 2 14 5 10 --


Sl.No

Name of the Village

Co

tto

n

Pad

dy

Su

gar

can

e

Bla

ck g

ram

Mai

ze

Veg

etab

les

Fo

dd

er

Pal

my

ra

Gre

en g

ram

Others

12 Tummalapalem -- 245 -- -- 2 2 7 3 5 2-coconut

13 Kavaluru 170 1500 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 200-Chillies

14 Kattubadipalem -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

15 Velagaleru 150 700 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 42 -Mango

16 Rayanapadu -- 1175 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

17 Paidurupadu -- 605 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

18 Surayapalem -- 980 190 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- CROPPING PATTERN - KHARIF SEASON CROPPING PATTERN - KHARIF SEASON

In acres

Sl.No Name of the Village Maize Black gram Green gram Bengal gram Vegetables

1 Ibrahimpatnam 75 2 -- -- 8

2 Mulapadu 200 -- -- -- 400

3 Jupudi

4 Kileshapuram -- -- -- 5 --

5 Thrilochanapuram -- -- -- -- --

6 Kethana Konda 150 -- -- 40 100

7 Kotikalapudi 500 -- -- 10 40

8 Kondapalli 8 -- 5 -- --

9 Elaprolu

10 Kothur -- -- -- -- --

11 Guntupalli -- -- -- -- --

12 Tummalapalem -- -- -- -- --

13 Kavaluru 1237

14 Kattubadipalem -- -- -- -- --

15 Velagaleru 844

16 Rayanapadu -- -- -- -- --

17 Paidurupadu -- -- -- -- --

18 Surayapalem -- -- -- -- --

117


LIVESTOCK

118

Sl.No Name of the Village Buffalo Sheep/Goat Hens

1 Ibrahimpatnam 13524 687 26139

2 Mulapadu 2000 2005 919

3 Jupudi

4 Kileshapuram 957 958 50772

5 Thrilochanapuram 701 515 3100

6 Kethana Konda 381 1781 4152

7 Kotikalapudi 1701 407 1063

8 Kondapalli 2205 3352 1424

9 Elaprolu

10 Kothur 1191 192 2319

11 Guntupalli 725 50 1050

12 Tummalapalem 261 10 926

13 Kavaluru 800 150 800

14 Kattubadipalem -- -- --

15 Velagaleru 350 40 500

16 Rayanapadu -- -- --

17 Paidurupadu -- -- --

18 Surayapalem -- -- --


Pages 119 to 133 deleted due to

memory constraint

133

0

Consultancy Project No. CS-34-2012-2013-NIH (Kakinada)

FINAL REPORT

ON

HYDRO-GEOLOGICAL STUDIES

FOR

PROPOSED DR. NARLA TATA RAO THERMAL POWER STATION STAGE-V

(1 X 800 MW), IBRAHIMPATNAM, KRISHNA DIST., A.P.

Clients:

APGENCO

VIDYUT SOUDHA,

HYDERABAD 500 082, ANDHRA PRADESH

Consultants:

DELTAIC REGIONAL CENTRE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HYDROLOGY

KAKINADA 533 003 JULY 2014

id24958906 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com

1

HYDRO-GEOLOGICAL STUDIES FOR PROPOSED DR. NARLA TATA RAO THERMAL POWER STATION STAGE-V (1 X 800 MW), IBRAHIMPATNAM, KRISHNA DIST., A.P.

Andhra Pradesh Power Generation Corporation Limited (APGENCO), Hyderabad has

proposed stage V (1 x 800 MW) as an expansion of existing Dr. Narla Tata Rao Thermal

Power Station (NTTPS) at Ibrahimpatnam, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh. The Hydro-

Geological studies of the proposed plant area are to be under taken as per the scope of

APGENCO proposed thermal power project. The consultancy work of the same was awarded

by APGENCO, Hyderabad to National Institute of Hydrology, Deltaic Regional Centre,

Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The maintenance of balance between rainfall recharge and groundwater storage is utmost

important in any geographical area. The recharge condition mainly depends on land

use/cover, soil infiltration characteristics and hydrogeology of the area. The flow of water

through unsaturated and saturated zones carries contaminants through them in dissolved form

after satisfying the adsorption, dispersion and geochemical processes. Therefore, Hydro-

geological study of the plant area especially in and around ash pond location which includes

soil type, geology, aquifer characteristics, groundwater flow direction, lithology, groundwater

quality assessment are pre-requisite for sustainable development of the region. The drainage

and groundwater conditions in association with hydro-geological setup in and around the

proposed thermal power plant area will help in understanding the pre-project scenario. Such

study will help in planning suitable mitigation measures to avoid adverse impacts or

contamination, if any, during the post project scenario. The following are the major

objectives and scope of the present consultancy work.

1.1 Objectives:

(1) To study the hydro-geology of the area to assess the impact of the power plant (Stage V -

1 x 800 MW) on ground and surface water regime.

(2) To study the leachate activity of the old and new ash ponds and its mitigation measures

(3) To assess the water quality of nearby water bodies due to discharge of effluents from the

plant area and

(4) To suggest the sources of safe drinking water for the nearby villages of the power plant.

2

1.2 Scope of the project:

Drilling of boreholes at 8 locations for depths up to 40m in and around old and new

ash ponds to get lithological data to identify aquifers, movement of groundwater table,

movement of ash pond leachate.

Collection of permeability data of ash pond soil strata, leachate study to determine the

possibility of leaching of heavy metals, if any from the ash pond. Testing of ground

water for heavy metals and conclusion on the ground water contamination due to ash

ponds. Recommendation of measures to arrest leachate in the new ash pond area.

Study on sources of drinking water nearby villages which have no potable water

supply system and suggesting ways and means to supply safe drinking water for those

villages with cost estimates in case ground water is found to be contaminated due to

ash ponds.

Identification of nearby surface water bodies, estimation of changes in the surface

water quality due to discharge of effluents from plant and suggest suitable safeguards

in case of adverse impacts.

Investigations on impact of colony sewage on the ground water and surface water.

Mitigation measures and time bound action plan for implementation.

1.3 APGENCO

Andhra Pradesh Power Generation Corporation Limited (APGENCO) is a State Public Sector

undertaking engages in the business of Power Generation. The installed capacity of

APGENCO as on 31-03-2013 was 8924.90 MW comprising 5092.50 MW Thermal, 3829.40

MW Hydro and 2.0 MW Wind and 1 MW solar power stations, and contributes about half the

total energy requirement of Andhra Pradesh. Dr.Narla Tata Rao Thermal Power Plant is

located at Ibrahimpatnam, Krishna Dist., in Andhra Pradesh. The power plant has an installed

capacity of 1,760 MW with 7 units in operation. It is one of the coal based power plants of

APGENCO. In January 2012, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, decided to build an additional unit

with a capacity of 800 MW at the existing Dr.NarlaTata Rao Thermal Power Station to

increase the plant capacity to 2560 MW. Few details of the proposed project are given in the

following Table 1.

3

Table1. Details of the proposed project

Name and address of

the proposed project

Dr.Narla Tata Rao Thermal Power Station, Stage V (1 x 800 MW),

Ibrahimpatnam, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh.

Objective of the

project

800 MW Coal based power generation for meeting the power

demand in the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Location Details

Name of the Place Dr.NTTPS is located at 16 km north of Vijayawada and 260 km

from Hyderabad by road.

District & State Krishna, Andhra Pradesh

Site In the existing premises of Dr.Narla Tata Rao Thermal Power

Station.

Nature of the Area Plain

Latitude 160 35�33� N

Longitude 800 32�03� E

MSL +21.5 m

Seismic Zone Zone III

Nearest River River Krishna

Accessibility

Nearest Highway National Highway-9 connecting Pune and Vijayawada

Nearest City Vijayawada

Nearest Village Ibrahimpatnam

Nearest Railway

Station

Kondapally about 3 km and major railway junction at Vijayawada

about 16 km from the plant site

Nearest Airport Gannavaram (Vijayawada) at 28 km

2.0 STUDY AREA

Krishna District is one of the agriculturally productive coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh.

Krishna District is located on the east coast of India between 15°43�N and 17°10�N Latitudes

and between 80° E and 81°33�E Longitudes covering an area of about 8,727 Sq.Km. It

accounts for 3.17% of the total geographical area of the State. The district is surrounded in

the Eastern and Southern side by the Bay of Bengal, Guntur and Nalgonda on the western

side and Khammam and West Godavari district on the northern side. Net area sown is about

4

50% and area put to non-agricultural use is about 17% of the geographical area. The location

of plant area is shown in the following Figure 1.

Location map deleted due to

memory constraints

Figure 1. Location Map

The district falls under tropical climatic zone and experiences extreme hot summer and

winter. Summer temperature rises even up to 42o C (Krishna.nic.in) and while cold waves in

5

the uplands of the district is as low temperature as 19o C. The two thirds of annual rainfall

are received through South�West monsoon; North-East monsoon, contributes one fourth

while remaining is shared by winter and summer showers. Frequent cyclones of different

intensities and tidal Storms are natural calamities affecting the central tracts of Krishna

particularly causing deterioration of ground water quality in the coastal aquifers. The total

study area is about 2,09,199 Ha and details of major landuse are given in Table 2.

Table 2: Major Land Use details in and around Plant area

S.No. Land use Area (Ha) %

01. Forest 22,728.60 10.86

02. Land Under Cultivation

a) Irrigated by source 45,366.99 21.69

b) Un irrigated 84,687.74 40.48

03. Cultivable waste 10,596.56 5.07

04. Area not suitable for

cultivation

7,410.00 21.90

Total area 2,09,199.00 100.00

2.1 Rainfall:

The annual normal rainfall of Krishna district is 1034 mm, which ranges from 994 mm at

Jaggayyapeta mandal to 1227 mm at Avanigadda mandal. The south west monsoon (June to

Sep.) contributes 686 mm, the northeast monsoon (Oct. � Dec.) contributes 250 mm, winter

(Jan-Feb) contributes 15 mm and the summer (Mar-May) contributes 83 mm. The annual

normal rainfall in Ibrahimpatnam mandal is 1079.3 mm and the annual rainfall measured at

the plant site for the years 2007-08, 2008-09, 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12 are 1073, 1153,

565, 1554 and 912 mm respectively. The daily rainfall depth for 25, 50 and 100 years return

period pertains to plant area has been obtained from CWC (1987) sub zone 4(b) report they

are 200, 240 and 280 mm respectively.

3.0 ASSESSMENT OF HYDROGEOLOGY IN AND AROUND PLANT AREA

The study area which covers the existing ash pond, proposed ash pond, project area and its

vicinity have approximately 34.74 sqkm and falls in Survey of India toposheets numbers

6

65D/6 & 65D/10 shown in Figure 2. The Study area is spread between 800 27' 30" to 800 30'

0" E longitudes and 160 34' 30" to 160 39' 0" N latitudes. The boundary of the study area/ash

pond area is marked in Violet coloured line, which is demarcated- based on hydrological

boundaries/project plans (Fig 2). The Northern part is occupied by hills and the southern part

is bounded by Krishna River. The area is covered by geological formation like Charnokites

and Khondalites. The common ground water abstraction structures are bore wells and their

yields mainly depend on the recharge conditions in the area. The entire area is underlined by

consolidated rocks. Yield potential of the aquifers in these consolidated rocks varies widely.

Location map deleted due to memory constraints

Figure 2. Map Showing the Location of the Study Area & Ash Ponds

Groundwater occurrence and movement in the study area is controlled by topography,

recharge and discharge, rock type, fracture systems, and type and thickness of aquifer.

Groundwater study of an area requires the knowledge of the nature of lithological units

occurring in the area, their structural disposition, geomorphic set up, surface water condition

and climate. The improvement of interpretation techniques of Electrical Resistivity Survey in

groundwater investigation has become a popular tool worldwide. Although this process can�t

directly detect subsurface resources, its importance lies in providing indirect but reliable

inferences about groundwater potentiality of the region.

7

3.1 Surface Water Hydrology:

River Krishna is the main controlling channel in the district and flows almost across the

peninsula from west to east and finally joining the sea by two principal mouths. There are

number of tributaries and sub-tributaries of Krishna River, which form a network of drainage

system. The sub catchment area has been delineated around the plant area and existing and

proposed ash pond locations are shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3. Map showing drainage network, catchment area and location of existing and

proposed ash pond area.

Map deleted due to memory constraint

3.2 Geology

The area consist of hills which forms part of the Eastern Ghats comprising Khondalites and

Charnockites exposed in and around the study area. Most of the area in South (as seen in

Fig.4) consist of silty clay which have black and brown colour. The northern part is covered

8

by intermediate charnockites. A small strip in the eastern part is covered by basic

charnockites. It is observed that the area near the Krishna river in the southern part of the

study area is covered by alluvium and consist mainly silty clay. Field survey was conducted

in new ash pond area during July 2013 and soil samples were collected from various depths.

These samples were analyzed for soil properties and the results are given in Table 3. The

hydraulic conductivity of new ash pond area varies from 6.1 to 9.20 mm/hr.

Figure 4. Map Showing the Geology of the Study Area

Map is deleted due to memory constraint

9

Table 3. Soil properties of the proposed ash pond (Three locations at various vertical

depths)

Sample

No.

Sample

Depth

% of

Sand

% of

Silt

% of

Clay

Hydraulic

Conductivity

mm/hr

Bulk

density

g/cc

% of Soil

Moisture

1/15 cm 20.00 35.00 45.00 9.20 1.38 12.91

1/30 cm 27.00 32.00 41.00 6.10 1.35 11.64

1/45 cm 21.00 39.00 40.00 7.45 1.30 11.08

1/100 cm 29.70 33.40 36.90 7.39 1.43 11.86

1.

1/150 cm 19.56 37.28 43.16 6.35 1.31 15.68

2/15 cm 18.19 27.95 53.86 6.15 1.31 4.89

2/30 cm 11.96 37.86 50.18 6.09 1.28 5.10

2/75 cm 13.15 39.52 47.33 7.18 1.29 5.88

2.

2/100 cm 12.18 32.65 55.17 9.15 1.28 7.99

3/15 cm 14.64 39.19 46.17 8.95 1.32 4.33

3/30 cm 13.15 42.17 44.68 7.65 1.30 5.72

3/60 cm 14.56 41.18 44.26 8.95 1.32 5.89

3.

3/100 cm 16.17 39.45 44.38 9.15 1.37 7.30

3.3 Electrical Resistivity Survey

Groundwater is characterized by number of parameters among them geophysical methods

determine the characters by using surface measurements, mostly indirectly, but sometimes

directly. Here in our investigations resistivity method was used along with geologic,

hydrologic and topographic conditions to locate and define favourable areas for drilling.

Schlumberger array method was followed in investigation. In the schlumberger electrode

configuration there are four electrodes placed along a straight line in which the distance

between the two inner potential electrodes (M) is kept very close to each other and constant

for some time till the distance between the current electrodes (L) become comparatively too

large (Figure 5).

10

From the electrical resistivity sounding method apparent resistivity is obtained as a function

of spacing. These measured values when plotted on a log � log graph produce a sounding

curve. From the shape of the curve one can qualitatively interpret the sub surface resistivity

distribution. The interpretation of the sounding curve involves estimation of the resistivities

and thicknesses of different layers.

Figure 5. Electrode arrangement of Schlumberger Array

The Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method is used to investigate the nature of

subsurface formation by studying the variations in their electrical properties.

3.4 Geophysical Investigations

Geophysical Investigations, mainly Vertical Electrical Soundings were carried out in the

study area at 15 locations to decipher the subsurface lithological layers. These locations are

shown in Figure 6. Location details and geo-coordinates of soundings are given in Table 4.

The field observed apparent resistivities of respective sounding are given in Table 5 & 6. The

Figure 7 shows the field curves of soundings plotted on log-log paper.

11

Table 4 Location details of Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) conducted

Latitude Longitude

S.No VES Location Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

1 V1 At Proposed Ashpond 16 37 11.31 80 28 43.53

2 V2 At Proposed Ashpond 16 37 13.1 80 28 35.89

3 V3 OppNimra College Gate 16 36 26.8 80 30 32.27

4 V4 At Bund 2 16 36 53.19 80 30 18.71

5 V5 At Bund 2 16 36 50.71 80 30 8.81

6 V6 At Bund 2 16 36 42.17 80 29 40.27

7 V7 Mulapadu Village 16 36 21.23 80 27 57.61

8 V8 Nr Rajiv Colony 16 35 39.9 80 30 30.87

9 V9 Jupudi 16 35 42.97 80 29 39.95

10 V10 At Bund1 16 36 57.56 80 29 4.27

11 V11 At Bund1 16 37 14.25 80 29 6.22

12 V12 On NH, Poultry 16 36 17.72 80 29 35.4

13 V13 At Ferry village 16 34 52.36 80 30 50.91

14 V14 Near 7th Day School 16 36 10.66 80 30 29.2

15 V15

Dr ZakirHussain

College, Back side to

�C� colony

16 35 38.27 80 31 2.31

12

Figure 6. Map showing the Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) locations

Map deleted due to memory constraint

Table 5 Table showing the apparent Resistivity values (ohms) of each VES (V1 to V8)

AB/2

(m)

MN/2

(m) K V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8

4 2 9.4 1.1 2.6 14.7 4.6 4.3 3.5 26.7 5

6 2 25.1 1.8 3.3 6.3 5.4 5.3 4.3 26 2.5

8 2 47.1 2.5 4.2 5 6.1 6.2 5.2 25.7 1.9

10 2 75.4 3.4 5.6 4.4 6.8 6.7 6 23.8 2.5

15 2 173.6 5 8.7 6.8 8.9 8.7 7.3 19.1 3.4

20 2 311 6.2 12.3 8.8 11.3 9.9 8.8 17.2 3.9

25 2 488 8.3 14.3 9.6 12.3 12.1 9.8 15.6 4.6

13

30 2 704 9.9 11 14.2 14.2 12.4 10.8 16.9 5.4

40 2 1254 11.6 15.1 21.2 18.2 14.7 12.6 18.5 7.1

50 2 1961 10.6 20 25.2 19.9 16.8 15 21.4 8.8

60 2 2825 6.4 28.5 26.9 21.4 16.2 16.8 27 9.5

80 2 5025 36.2 37.8 40.3 31.5 21.3 19.6 35.2 10.4

100 2 7854 --- 48.12 49.8 40.4 26.9 23.7 41.9 15.1

Table 6 Table showing the apparent Resistivity values (Ohms) of each VES (V9 to V15)

AB/2

(m)

MN/2

(m) K V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15

4 2 9.4 3.1 9.6 11.2 4.8 17 5 1.7

6 2 25.1 3 10.8 7.5 2.8 14.2 2.8 1.9

8 2 47.1 3 11.7 8.1 2.2 11.3 2.6 2.6

10 2 75.4 3.2 12.7 9.3 2.4 9.8 2.2 3.1

15 2 173.6 3.6 14.3 11.2 3.8 9.3 3.8 5.4

20 2 311 4.4 17.2 13.9 4.7 8.6 4.7 6.6

25 2 488 5.8 26 16.9 6 8.6 5.6 8.1

30 2 704 6.9 31 20.1 6.7 8.8 6.5 9.8

40 2 1254 8.9 32.1 26.6 7.6 9.9 8.3 12.8

50 2 1961 10.9 34.5 33 9.1 12.1 11.2 16.5

60 2 2825 12.8 42.5 39.9 10.8 14.9 13.2 21.1

80 2 5025 16.3 47 46.4 13.3 18.3 17.6 29.7

100 2 7854 19.3 --- 54.9 21.3 22.4 19.2 31

14

Log-log Curves deleted due to memory

constraint

Figure 7. Log-log Curves of VES (V1 � V15) conducted in the Study Area

3.5 Interpretation of VES Data

The interpretation of sounding data was done in IpI2win software. Every measure was taken

in interpretation of the data. The interpreted Layer Curves are shown in Figures (Fig 8 to 10).

The interpreted layer thickness values are given in Table 7.

Graphs are deleted due to memory constraint

Figure 8. Graphs showing the interpreted Layer Parameters of Soundings (V1 to V4)

15


Figure 9. Graphs showing the interpreted Layer Parameters of Soundings (V5 to V12)

16


Figure 10. Graphs showing the interpreted Layer Parameters of Soundings (V13 to

V15)

Table 7. Table Showing Interpreted Layer Resistivity (Ohm) & Thickness (m) of VES

VES ñ

(Ohm-m

h

(m)

D

(m) VES

ñ

(Ohm-m

h

(m)

D

(m)

V1 0.653 2 2 V9 3.15 5.13 5.13

V1 48.3 55.5 57.5 V9 0.995 2.54 7.67

V1 444 V9 95.7

V2 1.65 2.56 2.56 V10 9.12 2 2

V2 32.2 21.8 24.36 V10 10.6 6.88 8.88

V2 4701

V10 88.2

17

VES ñ

(Ohm-m

h

(m)

D

(m) VES

ñ

(Ohm-m

h

(m)

D

(m)

V3 27 2 2 V11 17 2 2

V3 1.32 2.72 4.72 V11 3.7 4.12 6.12

V3 1323 V11 146

V4 4.31 4.79 4.79 V12 8.8 2 2

V4 20 28.8 33.6 V12 0.695 2.46 4.46

V4 2381 V12 22.2 31.1 35.56

V12 1936

V5 3.8 3.71 3.71

V5 16.1 45.5 49.21 V13 20.6 2.77 2.77

V5 1135 V13 7.65 32.2 34.97

V13 1223

V6 2.98 3.53 3.53

V6 14.8 43.9 47.43 V14 8.86 2 2

V6 1135 V14 0.974 3.89 5.89

V14 107

V7 27.43 7.471 7.471

V7 9.115 17.04 24.511 V15 1.3 3.34 3.34

V7 386 V15 2.17 0.981 4.321

V15 1434

V8 9.18 2 2

V8 0.523 2.22 4.22

V8 33.8

3.6 Proposed sites for Drilling based on Interpreted Layer Parameters

The interpretation results of 15 VES sounding reveals that the sounding V2, V4, V6, V8, V9,

V10, V12 and V13 shows the good Aquifer thickness and deep basement. These points also

spatially distributed in the study area. Based on the Topography, Spatial distribution and

Geophysical Investigations, 8 points were suggested for drilling which are given in Table 8

and shown in Figure 11.

18

Table 8 Proposed VES sites for Drilling

Locations of VES conducted and Proposed sites for Drilling in & around Dr.NTTPS study

area

Latitude Longitude

S.No VES Location Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

Proposed

for drilling

1 V1

At Proposed

Ashpond 16 37 11.31 80 28 43.53

2 V2

At Proposed

Ashpond 16 37 13.1 80 28 35.89 *

3 V3

OppNimra

College Gate 16 36 26.8 80 30 32.27

4 V4 At Bund 2 16 36 53.19 80 30 18.71 *

5 V5 At Bund 2 16 36 50.71 80 30 8.81

6 V6 At Bund 2 16 36 42.17 80 29 40.27 *

7 V7

Mulapadu

Village 16 36 21.23 80 27 57.61 *

8 V8 Nr Rajiv Colony 16 35 39.9 80 30 30.87 *

9 V9 Jupudi 16 35 42.97 80 29 39.95

10 V10 At Bund1 16 36 57.56 80 29 4.27 *

11 V11 At Bund1 16 37 14.25 80 29 6.22

12 V12 On NH, Poultry 16 36 17.72 80 29 35.4 *

13 V13 At Ferry village 16 34 52.36 80 30 50.91 *

14 V14

Near 7th Day

School 16 36 10.66 80 30 29.2

15 V15

Dr ZakirHussain

College, Back

side to C colony 16 35 38.27 80 31 2.31

* Recommended sites for drilling

19


Figure 11. Map showing the Locations of VES and Drilled Boreholes

20

3.7 Recording Lithology during Drilling at 1m interval:

Samples were collected while drilling from all the 8 bore wells drilled at an interval of every

meter depth and they were analyzed physically for lithology and the analysis are shown in

Annexure I. However, 33 types of lithology (Table 9) is standardised for the 8 drilled wells

and the same is used for litho model simulation. Further, these are broadly grouped into 10

geological classes and these classes were used to simulate flow model.

Table 9. Standardised Lithology

S.No. Lithology as per the sample Standerdised Lithology for Model

1 Acidic Charnokites CharnokiticKondalite 2 Charnokite Charnokite

3 Charnokite in Fine Grained Sand Charnokite

4 Charnokites Charnokite

5 Charnokites with Hard crystallined Quartz with Kondalitic Chips

CharnokiticKondalite

6 Charnokites, Kondalites CharnokiticKondalite

7 Charnokitic (Intermediates) CharnokiticKondalite

8 Charnokitic Complex of Mineral Assemblage


9 CharnokiticKondalite CharnokiticKondalite

10 CharnokiticKondalites CharnokiticKondalite

11 Clay Sand Sand

12 Coarse Garained sand with pebbles of Charnokites


13 Coarse Grained Sand Coarse Grained Sand

14 Coarse Grained Sand with Charnokitic Pebbles


15 Feldspathic sand Feldspathic sand

16 Felsic Charnokites CharnokiticKondalite

17 Fine Grained Clay Sand Sand

21

18 Fine Grained Sand Sand

19 Fractured cum weatherd Limestone Fractured cum weatherd Limestone

20 Kondalite Kondalite

21 Kondalite Pyroxene Granulite Weathered Kondalite

22 KondaliticCharnokite KondaliticCharnokite

23 KondaliticCharnokites KondaliticCharnokite

24 medium Grained Sand Sand

25 Pyroxene Granulite Kondalite Weathered Kondalite

26 Sandy clay with Quartz Pebbles Silty clay

27 Silty clay Silty clay

28 Silty clay (Sandy) Silty clay

29 Silty clay with Charnokitic Pebbles Silty clay

30 Silty clay with Fine Grained sand Silty clay

31 Silty clay with Fine Grained sand, GranitiferousKondalite

Silty clay

32 Silty Clay, Red Clay Silty clay

33 Weathered Kondalite Weathered Kondalite

The geology as observed from the drilled samples is standardized for simple lithological

units, since the observations were made for every one meter depth. These units are

diagrammatically represented in Fig. 12.

An attempt is made to depict and analyse the subsurface system in 2D and 3D at a suitable

scale by using the Geophysical data and borehole data. The output can be visualized by

means of Lithologs, Sections and Fence diagram. The recorded lithology was shown in

Figure 12. The 2-Dimensional sections along NW-SE (AA�) and SW_NE (BB�) directions

are shown in Figures 13, 14 & 15. The Fence diagram (3-Dimension) is shown in Figure 16.

22

Figure is deleted due to memory constraint

Figure 12. Showing the individual Lithologs of drilled Boreholes with GWT

Table 10. Location of drilled boreholes and their Ground Water Table (GWT)

Borehole No.

Location Notation Coordinates Water Table (m)

1. Proposed Ash pond V2 N 16º 37' 13.1" E 80º 28' 35.89"

1.20

2. Bund 2 at Chainage 318 Mts V4 N 16º 36' 53.19" E 80º 30' 18.71"

0.55

3. Bund 2 at Chainage 1498 Mts V6 N 16º36' 42.17" E 80º 29' 40.27"

1.00

4. Mullapadu Village V7 N 16º 36' 21.23" E 80º 27' 57.61"

1.20

5. Rajeev Colony V8 N 16º 35' 39.9" E 80º 30' 30.87"

5.00

6. Bund 1( Decanting channel) V10 N 16º 36' 57.56" E 80º 29' 4.27"

0.55

7. Poultry, Mulapadu V12 N 16º 36' 17.72" E 80º 29' 35.4"

1.50

8. Near Ferry V13 N 16º 34' 52.36" E 80º 30' 50.91"

1.00

23


Figure 13. Map showing the Section Profiles


Figure 14. Lithological Section along Profile AA'

3.7.1 Section AA�: This section is prepared based on the sounding results and lithologs of 5

borewells drilled along NW to SE and spread for a distance of about 6 km and is shown in

24

Fig.13. The section shows the subsurface consist of Khondalites followed by Charnockites in

the west and clay followed by sand in the southeastern part. A thin layer of limestone occurs

at V8, below a depth of about 30m. Hence, it appears that the southeastern part appears to be

more porous compared to northwestern part along this profile.


Figure 15. Lithological section along profile BB�

3.7.2 Section BB�: This section is prepared based on the lithologs of three borewells drilled

along W-E direction spread over a distance of about 4 km and is shown in Fig.15. The

section in general shows that the subsurface consist of khondalites followed by charnockites

with more weathered portion in the eastern part. Some portion in central and western part

along this profile consists of clay at the surface as well as a small thickness below 30m depth

in the western part. Thus the eastern part appears to be more porous than the western part.

3.7.3 Fence diagram: A fence diagram has been prepared for the study area based on the

lithologs observed from the borewells which gives the subsurface picture in many directions

and shown in Fig. 16. This shows that the subsurface consist of clay followed by sand in the

eastern part, whereas the remaining part consist mainly khondalites followed by charnockites.

At most of the places the surface consists of silty clay. As mentioned and seen in section

AA�, some part in the eastern side consist of limestone at greater depths.

25

Diagram is deleted due to memory constraint

Figure 16. Fence Diagram showing the Vertical disposition of lithology in study area

4.0 ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN AND AROUND ASH POND AREA

In order to assess the water quality in and around the existing ash pond area, a preliminary

field survey was conducted in the month of March 2013. During this field survey

Groundwater, Ash pond water (Decanting water), seepage water from ash pond relief wells

and Krishna river water samples were collected for the Physical and Chemical parameter

analysis. Another field survey was conducted in the month of July 2013 and water samples

were collected from the same locations (March 2013) for Heavy Metal analysis. The location

of these sampling sites is shown in Figure 17 and the details of sampling locations are given

in Annexure II. The methods followed for water quality analysis are given in Table 11 and

the procedures followed are as per the Manual (APHA, 1985). Water samples were collected

up to 5 km distance from the ash pond area (Annexure II). Water quality analysis has been

carried out for assessment of the Physical parameters (Temperature, pH, Electrical

Conductivity, TDS) and Chemical parameters [Chloride (Cl), Bicarbonate (HCO3), Sulphate

(SO4) and Nitrate (NO3) and Cations like Calcium (Ca), Magneseum (Mg), Sodium (Na) and

26

Potassium (K)]. Heavy metal analysis includes Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium

(Cr), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg) and Zinc (Zn).


Figure 17. Map showing location of water samples collected around ash-pond area

The water quality analysis which includes physical and chemical parameters for

Groundwater, Ash pond water (Decanting Water), Seepage water (ash pond relief wells) and

Krishna river water are given in Table 12 (Groundwater) and 13 (Other water). Permissible

Discharge of Environmental pollutants: Effluents (EPR, 1986) limit for pH is 5.5 to 9.0 and

the same is shown in Table 13. BIS (1991) and BIS (2012) permissible drinking water limits

are given in Table 12 and 13. The Heavy Metal analysis of water samples collected in and

around ash pond area is given in Table 14. The maximum permissible drinking water limits

for each Physical, Chemical and Heavy metal parameters as per Bureau of Indian Standards

(BIS 1991 and BIS 2012) are shown in Table 12, 13 and 14 respectively. Permissible

Discharge of Environmental pollutants: Effluents (EPR, 1986) limit for As and Hg are 200

and 10 respectively (Table 14).

27

4.1 Assessment of Hydrochemistry of Groundwater, Ash pond water and Krishna River water Total 12 water samples have been collected in the study area during March 2013. Among

these samples, 9 samples represent groundwater (Sample IDs: 1 to 9) and the remaining 3

samples are: Decanting water of existing ash pond, Seepage water through Relief Well from

existing ash pond and the Krishna river water (Sample IDs: 10 to 12). The physical and

chemical parameters of groundwater samples were compared with maximum permissible

drinking water limits (BIS, 1991 and BIS, 2012) and other 3 water samples were compared

with effluent standards (Environmental (Protection) rule 1986).

Table 11. Parameters and Method of Analysis

S.No Parameter Method of Analysis/Instrument used 1 Temperature Digital Thermometer 2 pH Digital pH Meter 3 Electrical Conductivity (EC) Microprocessor based Conductivity meter 4 Total Dissolved Solids(TDS) Gravimetric method 5 Total Alkalinity (TA) Titration Method 6 Total Hardness (TH) Titration Method 7 Calcium (Ca) Titration Method 8 Magnesium (Mg) Titration Method 9 Sodium (Na) Flame Photometer 10 Potassium (K) Flame Photometer 11 Chloride (Cl) Titration Method 12 Bicarbonate (HCO3) Titration Method 13 Sulphate (SO4) Visible Spectrophotometer 14 Nitrate (NO3) UV Spectrophotometer 15 Heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu,

Pb, Hg and Zn) Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer (ICPMS )

The pH values of groundwater and other water samples were within the permissible limits of

BIS (1991 and 2012). Chemical parameters in groundwater samples especially Total

Hardness (TH as CaCO3), Total Alkalinity (TA), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Sulphate

(SO4), Magneseum (Mg) and Nitrate (NO3) are exceeding the limits of drinking water

standards (BIS, 2012) especially at Mulapadu, Trilochanapuram and old Ibrahimpatnam.

Keeping in view the scope of the project, the spatial distribution maps of TDS, SO4 and NO3

concentrations in groundwater are prepared and the same are shown in Figures 18, 19 and 20

respectively. Analysis of these maps indicated that there is no specific spatial pattern

observed in TDS, SO4 and NO3 concentrations in the study area. It may be due to local

hydrogeological and other anthropogenic activities. Nitrate can be treated as anthropogenic

28

source contaminant especially from agricultural and non-agricultural sources. The range of

nitrate values in the groundwater is 8 to 321 mg/l (Table 12). Therefore it may be concluded

that the present high nitrate concentrations in shallow groundwater may be due to agricultural

and unsewered conditions in the study area. The physical and chemical parameters (major

anions and cations) of samples collected from Decanting Water of existing ash pond, Seepage

water through relief well from existing ash pond are within the EPR, 1986 limits and Krishna

river water (Table 13) are within the BIS 2012 limits.

Table 12. Water quality analysis of samples collected from hand pumps (March 2013)

Sample ID

Location Temp. pH EC TDS TH TA Ca Mg Na K HCO3 Cl SO4 NO3

1. New Jupudi (School) 28 6.9 2400 1536 709 460 184 61 250 36 420 460 218 71

2. Kondapalli 28.8 7.3 2500 1600 426 589 38 80 375 140 292 589 194 236

3. Old Jupudi 28.5 7.4 2200 1408 323 729 24 64 475 2 729 280 203 8

4. Mulapadu 29 7.8 5200 3328 1013 381 75 201 900 2 381 1120 450 24

5. Trilochanapuram 28.5 6.7 3900 2496 865 363 79 162 550 175 363 556 317 321

6. West Ibrahim Patnam 28.4 7.7 1510 966 403 235 77 51 210 2 235 140 283 41

7. Old Ibrahim Patnam 28.5 7 5000 3200 377 873 18 81 1200 10 873 596 545 303

8. Ibrahim Patnam 28 6.8 1540 986 505 250 70 80 160 3 250 200 193 37

9. Ibrahim Patnam (New Gate)

29 7.3 1290 826 370 370 34 69 150 4 370 128 96 73

BIS (2012) 6.5-8.5 NA 2000 600 600 200 100 NA NA NA 1000 400 45

BIS (1991) 6.5-8.5 NA 2000 600 600 200 100 NA NA NA 1000 400 100 All units are in ppm. Temperature 0C, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC) in micro-mho/cm, Total Alkalinity (TA) as HCO3 and Total Hardness (TH) as CaCO3, BIS (1991, 2012): Permissible Drinking Water Limit in the absence of alternate source; NA: Limit not specified.

Table 13. Water Quality analysis of samples collected from surface water bodies (March 2013) Sample

ID Location Temp. pH EC TDS TH TA Ca Mg Na K HCO3 Cl SO4 NO3

10. Ash Pond (Decanting Water)

28.5 7.8 800 512 205 231 39 26 145 4 231 112 94 2

11. Relief well/ seepage 28.6 7.7 900 576 172 472 10 36 210 2 472 88 25 2

12. Krishna water 28.7 8.4 640 410 167 192 26 25 115 5 192 100 76 2

Discharge of Environmental Pollutants:Effluents (EPR, 1986)

NA 5.5-9.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

BIS (2012) 6.5-8.5 NA 2000 600 600 200 100 NA NA NA 1000 400 100

BIS (1991) 6.5-8.5 NA 2000 600 600 200 100 NA NA NA 1000 400 100 All units are in ppm. Temperature 0C, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC) in micro-ohms/cm, Total Alkalinity (TA) as HCO3 and Total Hardness (TH) as CaCO3, EPR: Environmental Protection Rule, NA: Limit not specified

29

Figure deleted due to memory constraint

Figure 18. Spatial distribution of Total Dissolved Solids in ppm in groundwater around ash-pond area


Figure 19. Spatial distribution of Sulphate in ppm in groundwater around ash-pond area

30


Figure 20. Spatial distribution of Nitrate in ppm in groundwater around ash-pond area 4.2 Assessment of Heavy metal Concentrations in Groundwater, ash pond water and Krishna river water Total 12 water samples have been collected in the study area during the month of July 2013.

Among these samples, 9 samples represent Groundwater (Sample IDs: 1 to 9) and the other 3

are: Decanting water of existing ash pond, relief well seepage water from existing ash pond

and Krishna river water (Sample IDs: 10 to 12). Heavy metals in shallow groundwater such

as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn are within the permissible limit of drinking water in the absence

of alternate source (BIS, 2012) except Arsenic and Mercury concentrations. Arsenic (As) and

Mercury (Hg) permissible limit is 10 and 1 µg/L respectively. The range of Arsenic and

Mercury concentrations in shallow groundwater is 3.48 to 48.63 µg/L and 0.82 to 2.68 µg/L

respectively. The spatial distribution of As and Hg in the study area are shown in Figures 21

and 22 respectively. It was noted that the 4 samples collected at Old Jupudi, Mulapdu,

Trilochanapuram and Ibrahim patnam (IDs: 3, 4, 5, 8) were exceeding both As and Hg limits

of Drinking water (BIS, 2012). The Arsenic sources are naturally found in rocks in earth

crust and weathering of arsenic bearing minerals and ores. Similarly, the sources of Mercury

in groundwater are mainly from coal based power plants and infiltration or runoff from

locations of past activities. Arsenic and Mercury levels in the ash pond decanting water are

found to be 92.33 µg/L and 2.4 µg/L respectively. Whereas Arsenic and Mercury levels in the

relief well water from ash pond are found to be 4.98 µg/L and 1.52 µg/L respectively. There is

31

a significant difference between decanting water and ash pond seepage water. It was observed

that the ash pond decanting water is being used widely in irrigated fields in the study area.

The sources for these heavy metals in the groundwater are to be investigated in detail. The

assessment of heavy metal contamination in groundwater and its spatial distribution (As and

Hg) do not confirm the impact of existing ash pond alone in the shallow groundwater.

Groundwater flow and transport modeling (Leachat Analysis) may help in further analysis

especially about ash pond impact on shallow groundwater quality.

Table 14. Analysis of heavy metals in water samples collected in and around plant area (July 2013)

As Cd Cr Cu Pb Hg Zn Sample ID

Groundwater sample Location µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L

pH

1. New Jupudi (School) 8.76 1.80 5.77 10.97 1.93 2.30 107.3 7.1 2. Kondapalli 6.32 1.08 6.01 12.52 2.49 2.68 33.65 7.7 3. Old Jupudi 21.20 5.05 6.79 13.37 1.80 2.00 102.0 7.1 4. Mulapadu 48.63 0.65 5.25 20.92 1.25 1.08 2650 7.1 5. Trilochana puram 28.17 1.34 6.29 13.66 1.61 1.16 463.1 6.9 6. West Ibrahim Patnam 9.96 1.62 5.11 7.31 1.83 0.98 1354 7.3 7. Old Ibrahim Patnam 6.47 0.79 4.87 33.09 1.38 0.82 373.8 7.3 8. Ibrahim Patnam 12.64 0.58 5.61 11.54 1.80 1.38 135.5 6.8 9. Ibrahim Patnam

(New Gate) 3.48 0.87 3.94 6.37 1.64 1.56 207.8 7.7

As Cd Cr Cu Pb Hg Zn Sample ID

Location of surface water bodies µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L

pH

10. Ash Pond (Decanting Water)

92.33 2.71 4.13 5.63 2.47 2.40 29.55 7.1

11. Relief well/ seepage 4.98 2.96 3.75 3.97 3.15 1.52 22.73 7.4 12. Krishna water 5.94 0.72 3.70 4.98 2.52 1.54 28.07 7.6

Discharge of Environmental pollutants: Effluents (EPR, 1986)

200 2000 2000 3000 100 10 5000 5.5-9.0

BIS(2012) 10 3 50 1500 10 1 15000 6.5-8.5 BIS(1991) 50 10 50 1500 50 1 15000 6.5-8.5

EPR: Environmental Protection Rule, NA: Limit not specified.

32


Figure 21. Spatial distribution of Arsenic (As in µg/L)in groundwater around ash-pond area


Figure 22. Spatial distribution of Mercury (Hg in µg/L) in groundwater around ash-pond area

33

5.0 GROUNDWATER FLOW & TRANSPORT MODELING (LEACHING

ANALYSIS)

The groundwater flow model in the study area has been conceptualized as a two layered

aquifer system based on VES data in the study area. The total thickness is varying up to 60 m.

The groundwater flow model has cell sizes of 100 m x 100 m. The river boundary condition

for the Kothacheruvu was simulated with a river head. The area receives an average annual

rainfall of 900 mm/yr mostly during the south west monsoon period. The computed

groundwater level contours of the study area (Figure 23) are similar to the observed

groundwater level contours during the month of July 2013.


Figure 23. Map showing computed Groundwater Table contours in the month of July 2013

The groundwater velocity field has been computed from the aquifer characteristics. After

achieving reasonable comparison between observed and computed ground water level in and

around ash pond area mass transport has been simulated for next twenty years for considering

proposed ash pond alone and combined effect of proposed ash pond with existing ash pond.

34

5.1 Mass Transport Model

Using the computed velocity field from the groundwater flow model, a mass transport

simulation was carried out using MT3D software. The variable source loading from the Ash

Pond TDS concentration is considered from 500 mg/L for next 20 years was assigned in mass

transport model. The longitudinal dispersion coefficient was assumed as 10 m and

longitudinal to horizontal and longitudinal to vertical was assumed as 0.1 m and 0.01 m

respectively in the Mass Transport in 3 Dimensions (MT3D) model. The effective porosity

was assumed as 0.1. Present initial average background TDS concentration of groundwater

has been taken as 1300 mg/l by averaging TDS of Sample ID�s 2, 4 and 7 in the study area.

Two scenarios were developed to check the migration pattern. For proposed Ashpond alone,

the contaminant migration in first layer for next 20 years is simulated and for the years 1, 5

and 10 are shown in Figure 24 (a) and for the years 15 and 20 are shown in Figure 24 (b). In

the second scenario visualization of TDS contaminant migration in the first layer from

proposed and existing ash ponds are shown for next 20 years at the interval of 1st, 2nd, 5th,

10th, 15th and 20th Years in Figure 25 (a) and 25 (b).

The flow and transport modeling in saturated zone of two layers aquifer system in the project

area indicated that the leaching due to ash pond is towards Krishna river. The contaminant

migration was found around 1.0 km in Ten years as per the simulated conditions in the

downstream conditions. The TDS is the pollutant which travels with groundwater in

dissolved form. The other contaminants like metals have a strong retardation factor in sub

surface; therefore movement in groundwater is equal to or lesser than TDS. In general for any

design purpose or safety measures, TDS would be considered as a best contaminant for

estimating leaching characteristics in the saturated zone. Keeping in view the contaminant

plume direction and it�s migration a regular monitoring network of the ground water

measurements (Water level and Quality) in the vicinity of the contaminant plume is very

much necessary for monitoring the impact of ash pond on shallow ground water (saturated

zone). A suitable lining is also recommended as precautionary measure for the proposed ash

pond to reduce long term effect on saturated zone.

35


Figure 24 (a). Contaminant migration (TDS in µg/L ) in the first layer (proposed ash pond alone) at different time periods.

36


Figure 24 (b). Contaminant migration (TDS in µg/L ) in the first layer (proposed ash pond alone) at different time periods.

37

Figure deleted due to memory constraint Figure 25 (a). Contaminant migration (TDS in µg/L ) in the first layer (proposed ash pond with existing ash pond) at different time periods

38


Figure 25 (b). Contaminant migration (TDS in µg/L ) in the first layer (proposed ash pond with existing ash pond) at different time periods

39

6.0 CONCLUSIONS

River Krishna is the major surface water body in the vicinity of NTTPS and the flow of

surface runoff from the study area is found to be towards Krishna River. In order to

understand the sub-surface geology; Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were carried out at

15 locations in the study area and established lithology of aquifer by drilling 8 bore holes,

selected in and around the ash pond area. The lithology of the study area indicates ten major

types of sub-surface layers within 40 m depth, below ground level (bgl). The 3-D Fence

diagram has been prepared for the study area. The study area is covered by alluvium, consists

mainly of silty-clay. The sub-surface geology of the new ash pond location (V2 and V10) and

the existing ash pond location (V4 and V6) consists of Khondalites followed by

Charnockites. As per the VES soundings the first layer thickness is up to 12.5 m and the

second layer thickness is up to 57.5 m. These layers have been considered in the model

conceptualization.

Field survey has been conducted to establish the baseline ground water quality scenario in the

study area. The spatial variation maps of these parameters do not show any specific trend

more so in case of ash pond influence. The main sources of high nitrate may be due to

agricultural activities or unsewered conditions in the study area over a period of time.

In order to find out the impact of ash pond on groundwater quality, the contaminant transport

modeling has been carried out using Mass transport model (MT3D). The transport simulation

for next twenty years of operation of ash ponds indicates the influence of ash pond is limited

to specific region only.

As background levels of Arsenic and Mercury in the ground water slightly exceed the

drinking water limits at some locations in the surrounding areas of ash pond, suitable lining is

recommended as precautionary measure for proposed ashpond. However, in order to assess

long term impacts of existing and proposed ashponds, regular monitoring of groundwater

quality in the observation wells is also recommended.

40

References

APHA (1985). Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, American

Public Health Association, New York.

BIS (2012). Bureau of Indian Standard. Indian Standard Drinking water specifications (IS

10500:2012).

BIS (1991), Bureau of Indian Standards, Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification (First

Revision), IS 10500 : 1991, Edition 2.1

CWC (1987): Flood Estimation Report for East Coast Region Sub Zones 4(b), January1987,

published by Central Water Commission, New Delhi.

Central Pollution Control Board, Environment (Protection) Rule 1986, Chapter VI

DPR (2001). Detailed Project Report for 660 MW Extension Unit, Rapid Environmental

Impact Assessment (Vol.II-A), Vijayawada Thermal Power Station, APGENCO, Hyderabad.

IIT-M (2004). Report on Geotechnical Investigation for Proposed Stage �IV Area of Thermal

Power Station, Ibrahimpatnam, Dept. of Ocean Engg., IIT-Madras.

41

Annexure I Details of Lithology at every 1m Interval collected during the Drilling of boreholes

Depth V2 V4 V6 V9 1m Silty clay Silty Clay Silty clay Silty Clay 2m Silty clay Silty Clay Silty clay Silty Clay 3m Silty clay Silty Clay Silty clay Silty Clay 4m Silty clay Silty Clay Silty clay Silty Clay

5m Weathered Kondalite Silty Clay, Red Clay Silty clay Silty Clay

6m Weathered Kondalite Silty Clay

Silty clay with Fine Grained sand Silty Clay

7m Weathered Kondalite CharnokiticKondalite

Silty clay with Fine Grained sand, GranitiferousKondalite Silty Clay

8m

Weathered Kondalite, Charnokites

Kondalite Pyroxene Granulite Weathered Kondalite

Medium Grained Sand

9m

Weathered Kondalite, Charnokites

Pyroxene Granulite Kondalite Weathered Kondalite

Medium Grained Sand

10m

Weathered Kondalite, Charnokites Weathered Kondalite Weathered Kondalite

Medium Grained Sand

11m


Medium Grained Sand

12m


Medium Grained Sand

13m Charnokites Weathered Kondalite Weathered Kondalite Medium Grained Sand

14m KondaliticCharnokites Weathered Kondalite Weathered Kondalite

Medium Grained Sand


Medium Grained Sand

16m KondaliticCharnokites Weathered Kondalite CharnokiticKondalite

Medium Grained Sand


Medium Grained Sand


Medium Grained Sand

19m KondaliticCharnokites KondaliticCharnokite Weathered Kondalite

KondaliticCharnokites

20m KondaliticCharnokites KondaliticCharnokite KondaliticCharnokite

Coarse Grained Sand

21m KondaliticCharnokites KondaliticCharnokite KondaliticCharnokite

Coarse Grained Sand with Charnokitic

42

Depth V2 V4 V6 V9 Pebbles

22m Charnokites KondaliticCharnokite CharnokiticKondalite Coarse Grained Sand

23m CharnokiticKondalite KondaliticCharnokite KondaliticCharnokite

Coarse Grained Sand

24m CharnokiticKondalite

KondaliticCharnokite CharnokiticKondalite Coarse Garained sand with pebbles of Charnokites

25m CharnokiticKondalite KondaliticCharnokite CharnokiticKondalite

Charnokitic Kondalite

26m CharnokiticKondalite KondaliticCharnokite CharnokiticKondalite


27m CharnokiticKondalite

Charnokitic Complex of Mineral Assemblage CharnokiticKondalite


28m Charnokites

Charnokitic Complex of Mineral Assemblage CharnokiticKondalite


29m Charnokites Charnokite Clay Sand Charnokitic Kondalite

30m Charnokites Charnokite Clay Sand Charnokitic Kondalite

31m Charnokites Charnokite CharnokiticKondalite Charnokitic Kondalite

32m Charnokites CharnokiticKondalite CharnokiticKondalite Charnokitic Kondalite

33m Charnokites, Kondalites CharnokiticKondalite CharnokiticKondalite










38m Charnokites, Kondalites CharnokiticKondalite

Charnokites with Hard crystallined Quartz with Kondalitic Chips


39m Charnokites, Kondalites KondaliticCharnokite CharnokiticKondalite


40m Charnokites, Kondalites KondaliticCharnokite CharnokiticKondalite


43

Details of Lithology at every 1m Interval collected during the Drilling of boreholes (Contd..)

Depth V8 V10 V12 V13 1m Silty Clay Silty clay Silty Clay Silty Clay 2m Silty Clay Silty clay Silty Clay Silty Clay 3m Silty Clay Kondalite Silty Clay Silty Clay

4m Silty Clay Sandy clay with Quartz Pebbles Silty Clay Silty Clay

5m Silty Clay Silty clay Silty Clay Fine Grained Sand

6m Silty Clay Silty clay CharnokiticKondalite Fine Grained Sand

7m Silty Clay Silty clay with Charnokitic Pebbles

CharnokiticKondalite Fine Grained Sand

8m Silty Clay KondaliticCharnokites CharnokiticKondalite Fine Grained Sand

9m Silty Clay Silty clay with Charnokitic Pebbles Charnokites Fine Grained Sand

10m medium Grained Sand CharnokiticKondalites Charnokites Fine Grained Sand


12m medium Grained Sand

Silty clay with Charnokitic Pebbles Charnokites Fine Grained Sand


14m medium Grained Sand Silty clay (Sandy) Charnokites Fine Grained Sand

15m medium Grained Sand

Silty clay with Charnokitic Pebbles Charnokites

Fine Grained Clay Sand

16m Feldspathic sand CharnokiticKondalites Charnokites Fine Grained Clay Sand

17m Feldspathic sand Charnokitic (Intermediates) Charnokites

Fine Grained Clay Sand

18m Feldspathic sand KondaliticCharnokites Charnokites Fine Grained Clay Sand

19m Feldspathic sand Felsic Charnokites Charnokites Fine Grained Clay Sand

20m Feldspathic sand CharnokiticKondalites Charnokites Fine Grained Clay Sand

21m medium Grained Sand CharnokiticKondalites Charnokites

Medium Grained sand

22m medium Grained Sand CharnokiticKondalites


Medium Grained sand

23m medium Grained Sand Acidic Charnokites


Medium Grained sand

24m Feldspathic sand Acidic Charnokites KondaliticCha Medium Grained

44

Depth V8 V10 V12 V13 rnokites sand

25m Feldspathic sand Acidic Charnokites Charnokites Medium Grained sand

26m Feldspathic sand KondaliticCharnokites Charnokites Medium Grained sand

27m Feldspathic sand Charnokites Charnokites Medium Grained sand

28m Feldspathic sand CharnokiticKondalites Charnokites Medium Grained sand



31m medium Grained Sand CharnokiticKondalites Charnokites

Medium Grained sand

32m

Fractured cum weatherd Limestone CharnokiticKondalites Charnokites

Medium Grained sand

33m


Medium Grained sand

34m

Fractured cum weatherd Limestone Silty clay Charnokites

Medium Grained sand

35m

Fractured cum weatherd Limestone CharnokiticKondalites Charnokites Fine Grained Sand

36m

Fractured cum weatherd Limestone CharnokiticKondalites Charnokites Fine Grained Sand

37m

Fractured cum weatherd Limestone CharnokiticKondalites Charnokites Charnokites

38m

Fractured cum weatherd Limestone CharnokiticKondalites Charnokites Charnokites

39m


Charnokite in Fine Grained Sand

40m


Charnokite in Fine Grained Sand

45

Annexure II

Details of Water samples collected in and around ash-pond area for chemical and heavy metal analysis

Sample ID

Name of Village Latitude

(N) Longitude

(E) Location

Point Location Details

Distance from

Ashpond (Km)

Groundwater samples

1. New Jupudi

(School) 160 36� 19� 800 29� 25� Hand Pump

MPP School Compound

2.08

2. Kondapalli 160 36� 54� 800 32� 15� Hand Pump Near Hanuman

Temple 4.48

3. Old Jupudi 160 36� 13� 800 29� 58� Hand Pump Near MPP School,

High Way 2.31

4. Mulapadu 160 36� 35� 800 28� 08� Hand Pump Opp. Coop Society 3.43

5. Trilochanapuram 160 37� 04� 800 28� 20� Hand Pump Opp. MPP School 2.74

6. West

Ibrahimpatnam 160 35� 49� 800 30� 51� Hand Pump Opp. Ramalayam 3.58

7. Old

Ibrahimpatnam 160 34� 57� 800 30� 56� Hand Pump Near Sivalayam 5.09

8. Ibrahimpatnam 160 35� 29� 800 31� 38� Hand Pump Opp. MRO Office 5.03

9. Ibrahimpatnam

New Gate 160 36� 07� 800 32� 01� Bore Well VTPS Plant 4.66

Surface Water samples

10. Ashpond (Decanting water) 160 36� 54� 800 29� 13� Canal water

Ash Pond 1.68

11. Relief Wells

(Ash pond seepage water)

from ash pond

160 36� 54� 800 29� 13� Canal water Ash Pond

1.68

12. Krishna water 160 34� 36� 800 31� 12� Krishna water Krishna water 4.84

46

Annexure III

Groundwater levels in the study area as on 10-07-2013

Sample ID Location

Type of Source Latitude Longitude

Water Table

(m) bgl.

1. New Jupudi (school) Hand Pump 160 36� 14.4� 800 29� 19.0� 5.0

2. Kondapalli Hand Pump 160 36` 54" 800 32`15" 3.2

3. Old Jupudi Hand Pump 160 36� 12.8� 800 29� 57.6� 3.7

4. Mulapadu Hand Pump 160 36� 34.8� 800 28� 07.8� 5.5

5. Trilochanapuram Hand Pump 160 37� 03.7� 800 28� 20.2� 4.2

6. West Ibrahimpatnam Hand Pump 160 35� 48.8� 800 30� 50.7� 2.7

7. Old Ibrahimpatnam Hand Pump 160 34� 57.3� 800 30� 56.0� 5.1

8. Ibrahimpatnam Hand Pump 160 35� 29.1� 800 31� 38.5� 7.0

9. Ibrahimpatnam (New Gate)

Hand Pump 160 36� 14.27� 800 31� 53.7� 4.6

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