CSN1, Ferrara, 14-18 Settembre 2009 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani.

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CSN1, Ferrara, 14-18 Settembre 2009 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

description

Oscar Adriani CSN1 17/09/09 LHCf for newcomers (only 1 slide..) INTERACTION POINT IP1 (ATLAS) Beam line Detector II TungstenScintillator Silicon  strips Detector I TungstenScintillator Scintillating fibers 140 m 1.Measurement of  and  0 energy spectra at Zero Degrees 2.Important for cosmic ray physics TeV in the center of mass  eV in the lab system Crucial region for cosmic ray physicsCrucial region for cosmic ray physics Calibration of Monte Carlo codes and hadronizationCalibration of Monte Carlo codes and hadronizationmodels

Transcript of CSN1, Ferrara, 14-18 Settembre 2009 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani.

Page 1: CSN1, Ferrara, 14-18 Settembre 2009 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani.

CSN1, Ferrara, 14-18 Settembre 2009

LHCf Status Report

Oscar Adriani

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Outline• Status of the experiment

– Hardware/DAQ/Software/Simulation Activity in 2008/2009

• Radiation damage – Simulation– Dosimeter installation

• Running strategy for 2009/2010 and for the future– LHCC– Atlas– LHC Program Coordinator– Hardware modifications?

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LHCf for newcomers (only 1 slide..)INTERACTION POINTINTERACTION POINT

IP1 (ATLAS)IP1 (ATLAS)

Beam lineBeam line

Detector IIDetector IITungstenTungsten

ScintillatorScintillatorSilicon Silicon

stripsstrips

Detector IDetector ITungstenTungsten

ScintillatorScintillatorScintillating Scintillating

fibersfibers140 m140 m 140 m140 m

1.1.Measurement of Measurement of and and 00 energy spectra at Zero Degrees energy spectra at Zero Degrees2.2.Important for cosmic ray physicsImportant for cosmic ray physics3.3.7+7 TeV in the center of mass 7+7 TeV in the center of mass 10 101717 eV in the lab system eV in the lab system

• Crucial region for cosmic ray physicsCrucial region for cosmic ray physics• Calibration of Monte Carlo codes and hadronization Calibration of Monte Carlo codes and hadronization

modelsmodels

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Status of the experiment: hardware• LHCf Arm1& Arm2 ready in the tunnel since

2008• Only ‘minor activities’ in the tunnel and

counting rooms:– Tunnel:

• New 220 V plugs in the tunnel • Front Counter improvement• Remote handling installation (important for the future!!!!)

– Counting rooms:• Better setup of the 2 small ‘Counting rooms’ (barraques…)

– New PCs– UPS

• Improvement of the laser calibration system stability (to reach 2% long term stability)

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Stability result for Arm1 Tower0 (24/08 – 07/09)

Blue line shows ±1%90% of PMT shows <2% stability

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• Test of new Pace3 parameters to increase dynamics

• Some modifications to the DAQ software– Avoid polling of VME bus to detect trigger (Noise

induced in the Low Threshold Discriminator)• Slow control system (also for DIP signals)• Fast analysis framework

– Online monitor to control the ‘phyiscs related aspects’

– Alert messenger to detect basic problems • Power supply problem• VME problem• Data corruption problem

Status of the experiment: DAQ & Online analysis

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Status of the experiment: Simulation and physics

• Work done in the last months:– Fluka/Epics comparison– Background estimate– Particle identification– MC at different energies (very important for

dose related stuff! see later)– 0 analysis

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0 measurement (paper submitted to Astroparticle Physics)

• Reconstruction method – Mass, energy and momentum of 0 are

reconstructed from energy and incident position of gamma-ray pair measured by the two calorimeters.

21212

21 000 ,, TTT PPPEEEEEM  

• Energy reconstruction for gamma-ray Correction of shower “leak-in”• Incident position • Event selection Multi-hit cut, PID cut, Reconstructed mass cut.

E2+E’1

E1

Gamma2

Gamma1

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Survival efficiency 0 energy resolution

3% @ 1TeV

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Model discrimination capability (1000 sec runs)

χ2 Prob.DPMJET-III(Input to MC

sim.)

11.5 0.83

QGSJET-II 224.9 <10-20

SIBYLL 49.1 6x10-5

EPOS1.99 68.2 3x10-8

Systematic effects taken into account:

– Uncertainty of Multi Hit contamination (model dependence)

– Uncertainty of energy scale : assumed as ±5%

– Uncertainty of relativistic number of events between 2 pos. <0.1%

– Uncertainty of neutral beam center <0.1 %

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Radiation damage studies• Radiation damage study is very important for LHCf• Plastic scintillator starts to degrade at 10 Gy

10 Gy 100 Gy 1000 Gy

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Dose vs Beam Energy• Extensive study of expected dose on LHCf plastic

scintillators as function of beam energy has been done in the last few months

• These info have been shared with BRAN people!!!• Full simulation for 450 GeV, 3 TeV, 5 TeV, 7 TeV

(DPMJET-III):– Particle generation in the IP– Particle transport towards TAN– Shower development in the calorimeter– Study of dose integrated by scintillator in the various

layers– Study of dose as function of vertical position (garage)

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Dose estimation at 7+7 TeV

2.5×10-2

Gy/100sec20mm calorimeter

40mm calorimeter

Lumi=1029cm-2s-1

Please note: 100 s at 1029cm-2s-1 0.01 nb-1

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Position dependence of Radiation Damage

• Previous estimation is average dose in each scintillator • The position dependence has also been obtained

• The maximum point is 1.6 times larger than average

7+7 TeV

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Results on radiation damageThe dose approximately scale as E3

Energy (TeV)

Dose rate(Gy/hour at 1029cm-2s-1)

Dose rate (Gy/nb-1)

Time to reach 1KGy at 1029cm-

2s-1 (days)

Integrated lumi to

reach 1KGy (nb-1)

0.45+0.45 4.6•10-4 1.27•10-3 9140 7.9•105

3+3 1.3•10-1 0.35 330 2.9•103

5+5 6.1•10-1 1.7 68 590

7+7 1.6 4.3 27 230

3.5 TeV Monte Carlo is running now. Results will come before next LHCC (23/09)

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Energy flux in front of LHCf detectorEnergy flux for 7TeV

GeV/s/cm2

3 orders of magnitude reduction in dose from running to garage positions

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Dosimeter installation• The knowledge of the real dose integrated by LHCf is

very important– Install dosimeter very close to the detector!– CERN developed RADMON dosimeter system and online readout

(real time) Remote measurement unit

<5 mm thick if we remove box

and connector

• 2 quantitative measurements in the remote unit:• Total Ionising Dose (TID) – MOS Radfet (<200Gy,<2KGy,<20KGy) • 1 MeV equivalent neutrons fluence [n/cm2] – PIN diodes

•Data are sent online and accessible real time on the CERN network

2 additional new RADMON v.5 dedicated to LHCf under each TAN have already been installed

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Where to install dosimeter?– There is a 7 mm slot between LHCf back end and

BRAN-IC front end– Dosimeter will move up and down together with

LHCf to precisely know the integrated dose!

LHCf BRAN

7 mm gap

IP

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Original LHCf running plan (summary of many past years slides…)

• The detector has been designed for low luminosity/high energy beam (see LOI, TDR):– Optimal Lumi 1029cm-2s-1 – Maximum Lumi < 1031cm-2s-1

– Energy = 7+7 TeV• The detector should take data in the first LHC

phase, at low luminosity and high energy• The detector is removed once Lumi is too high• The detector will come back in dedicated low

luminosity future runs– Crossing angle to improve the acceptance– Heavy/Light ions?

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LHCf Running strategy (NEW!!!)• Due to dramatic change of the LHC schedule,

define the best running strategy is the MOST IMPORTANT point now for LHCf!– The incident of LHC caused us many troubles

• Big delay– We were ready at very beginning!– Atlas e.m. ZDC were not ready, they will be ready at

December 2009• Change in the machine plans

– Low energy soon (3.5 TeV)– Higher energy later (5 TeV)– Highest energy (7 TeV) when???– High luminosity also at low energy

• Interference with BRAN• Radiation damage

– Possible improvement of the detector?

Atlas e.m. ZDCor

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Memo to LHCC

Page 1

Page 3

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BRAN Interference• Dose reduction by 3 orders of magnitude in the garage

position• But…. No signal from BRAN-IC if LHCf is not on the beam!!!!

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BRAN Interference• BRAN-IC is anyway not well performing if

L<1031 cm-2 s-1

• BRAN-Sci is working for low luminosity, and is not affected by the LHCf position

• Agreement reached at LTEX (June 2009):– BRAN-Sci is used at low luminosity and when

LHCf is in garage– Since BRAN-Sci is radiaton weak, it should be

replaced when it will be radiation damaged– LHCf will contribute to pay for spare BRAN-Sci

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Discussion with LPC• Collaborative discussions under way with

Massimiliano Ferro Luzzi, to find a solution that satisfy both LHCf and Atlas– Atlas is worried for 2 reasons:

• ZDC e.m. are ‘almost ready’ (December?)• BRAN-Sci is not as good as BRAN-IC to set-up the beam?

• A possible ‘solution’ (still to be agreed):– LHCf takes data at 3.5+3.5 TeV, until Lumi is too

high (see Lamont presentation)– LHCf goes out and Atlas e.m. ZDC goes in– LHCf comes back in the TAN for 5+5 TeV– When? During 2010 or at beginning 2011?– Meanwhile improve radiation resistance of plastic

scintillators and/or change the silicon layer distribution/number

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Oscar Adriani CSN1 17/09/09M. Lamont, LHC 2009/2010 running scenario, September 2009

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Some possible scenarios09/09–03/10 03/10–06/10 06/10–

07/10 07/10-12/10 First phase 2011

Second phase 2011

Energy 3.5 TeV 3.5 TeV 5 TeV 5 TeV 5 TeV 5 TeVLumi <1031 >1031 <1031 >1031 <1031 >1031

LHCf IN GARAGE IN OUT and UPGRADE IN? OUT

Atlas ZDC OUT OUT OUT IN OUT? INBRAN-SCI OK NO/OK? OK NO OK NOBRAN-IC NO NO NO OK NO OK

Based on the dates for 2009/2010 from Lamont, should be rescaled according to schedule change

Scen

ario

1LH

Cf p

refe

rred

09/09–03/10 03/10–06/10 06/10–07/10 07/10-12/10 First phase

2011Second phase

2011Energy 3.5 TeV 3.5 TeV 5 TeV 5 TeV 5 TeV 5 TeVLumi <1031 >1031 <1031 >1031 <1031 >1031

LHCf IN OUT IN OUT and UPGRADE IN? OUT

Atlas ZDC OUT IN OUT IN OUT? INBRAN-SCI OK NO OK NO OK NOBRAN-IC NO OK NO OK NO OK

Scen

ario

2

09/09–03/10 03/10–06/10 06/10–07/10 07/10-12/10 First phase

2011Second phase

2011Energy 3.5 TeV 3.5 TeV 5 TeV 5 TeV 5 TeV 5 TeVLumi <1031 >1031 <1031 >1031 <1031 >1031

LHCf IN OUT and UPGRADE

OUT and UPGRADE

OUT and UPGRADE IN OUT

Atlas ZDC OUT IN IN IN OUT INBRAN-SCI OK NO OK NO OK NOBRAN-IC NO OK NO OK NO OK

Scen

ario

3A

tlas

pref

erre

d

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Improve the radiation resistance of LHCf

Basic idea:– The existing LHCf is fine for low luminosity– Many difficulties due to LHC, Atlas, BRAN

etc.– To be in a safer position the LHCf

collaboration started a discussion how to improve the radiation resistance of the detector• Data taking at all energies• 7+7 TeV later on…. At high lumi!

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Selection of candidate scintillators

Requirements for the new scintillators– Rad-hard generally, crystal scintillators– Emission wave length matches with PMTs– Decay constant ~10 nsec (not too fast for PMT

saturation, not too long to avoid have long tail for overlap)

– Machinable to 40x40x(1-3)mm3 with sufficient precision

– Reasonable price and delivery time– Can be excited by the existing N2 laser system

Two candidates GSO and PWO are studied.

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Property of 2 candidates• GSO

– Emission; 440nm (peak)– Decay constant; 30-60ns– Rad hardness (definition to be checked); 106-7Gy– Laser; OK– Yield; 10,000 photons/MeV – Price; expensive! 700-800 CHF/piece

• PWO– Emission; 430nm (peak)– Decay constant; 2.1, 7.5, 26ns (3 components)– Rad hardness; 104-5Gy– Laser; to be tested– Yield; generally very small (to be tested)– Price; very cheap! 90CHF/piece– Limited <30mm (surveying other factory)– Temperature dependence?

• Some samples are already available in Nagoya and being tested

AdvantageDisadvantage

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GSO with N2 laser337nm laser

• GSO transmits 337nm• GSO is excited by 337nm• FWHM is ~25ns

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Japan moneySupplementary budget from Japan

government is approved GSO can be selected.

~7MYen/50K€ can be used for upgrade.

All cost for GSO scintillator tiles (~5MYen/30K€) can be covered.

Because there is so far no demerit known in GSO except cost, we should investigate more realistic and technical procedure for upgrade with GSO.

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GSO Thickness• 3mm GSO = 0.22 X0 (plastic: 0.007 X0)

– Shower structure changes from current design– Too much light yield, slightly much cost

• 1mm GSO = 0.07 X0– Small shower modification from current design– (maybe) sufficient yield and better cost– Still machinable, but (maybe) fragile when

connected with acrylic light guide and fibers– How to fit with the current 3mm G10, delrin

holders?

1 mm is preferable solve technical issue

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Modifications of silicon part• Basic idea

– In the ‘original’ LHCf silicon part is only used to measure the impact point

– But… it can be used as a cross check for energy scale!!!!!

– How can we optimize the distribution of existing silicon layers (4 X and 4 Y) to measure the energy????

– Should we increase the number of silicon layers to improve the energy resolution???

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ARM2-Silicon Energy Resolution

E/E E/E ~~ 12% 12%

Total energy measured in silicon (ADC)Total energy measured in silicon (ADC)

200 GeV electrons200 GeV electronsSPS beam test data SPS beam test data

By looking only at the silicon energy measured, we have an energy resolution By looking only at the silicon energy measured, we have an energy resolution ~ 10%!!!!!~ 10%!!!!!We can use it as a check for the radiation damage of the scintillators We can use it as a check for the radiation damage of the scintillators

Presented at Pisa CSN1 last year!

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Optimization of silicon layer positions for energy reconstruction

Geometrical configuration of this simulation study

Silicon layers are inserted at the front of all scintillator layers.For energy reconstruction, we sum dE of all scintillator layers,2, 8 and 16 of the 16 silicon layers.

Silicon layer positions in the current Arm2 detector.

X,Y X,Y X,Y X,Y

X Y X Y X Y X Y

Distribute 8 silicon layers.

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Event view (1): Good event

Hit Position

100GeV Gamma-ray hits near the center of the 25mm calorimeter

dE at each scint. layerSum of dE at each silicon layer

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Event view (2): Problematic event

Hit Position

100GeV Gamma-ray hits near the edge of the 25mm calorimeter.

dE of Shower leakage particles

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Uniformity of Sum(dE)Map of sum(dE) of Scin. Map of sum(dE) of Si

X

Y

Map(Si) / Map(Scin.)

The silicon layers have more dE than scintillator layers due to additional dE by particles leaking out from the calorimeters.The difference increases near the top and left edges.

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Energy Resolutions for

Good energy resolution of the silicon layers !!

Hit Position Selection

4<x<20,4<y<20

Preliminary!!!!!

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Energy Resolutions for with a tighter hit position cut

Hit Position Selection

8<x<11,8<y<11

Dominant sources of the resolution are • Scintillator , Silicon (8,16) position dependence,• Silicon (current configuration) shower fluctuation.

Preliminary!!!!!

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Conclusions• Handling all the technical and political aspect of

the LHCf running is not trivial… Big effort from all the collaboration

• It seems that we have support from LPC and LHCC

• We are trying to find a solution that is acceptable both from LHCf and ATLAS

• Meanwhile we are working for a safer future:– GSO– New silicon layer structure (INFN CSN1 will certainly

be kept informed!)

• I did not mention that a long and detailed (50 pages) technical paper on the silicon part is ready to be submitted to JINST

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Dose estimation as function of vertical position

6.940.04 1.14

Gy/100s Gy/h h/10Gy

7TeV w/ pipe

450GeV w/ pipe

7TeV w/o pipe5TeV w/o pipe

1TeV w/o pipe

450GeV w/o pipe

In garage 3 orders of magnitude reduction

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ATLAS ZDC memorandu

m

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Crystal scintillators

Wavelength 350-600nmDecay constant 10 - a few 10 nsecRad hardness >103Gy = 105 RadNo hydroscopic