CSG Jus(ce Center—Massachuse2s Criminal Jus(ce Review · CSG Jus(ce Center—Massachuse2s...

CSGJus(ceCenter—Massachuse2sCriminalJus(ceReview

WorkingGroupMee.ng2Keystatutoryframeworks,sentencingpolicies,andprac7cesthatimpact

incarcera7onandcommunitysupervisioninMassachuse;s

April12,2016

TheCouncilofStateGovernmentsJus(ceCenterSteveAllen,SeniorPolicyAdvisor,BehavioralHealthKa<eMosehauer,ProjectManager

MonicaPeters,ResearchManager

CassondraWarney,PolicyAnalyst

TheCouncilofStateGovernmentsJus<ceCenter

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJus<ceCenter 2

Jus<ceCenterprovidesprac(cal,nonpar(sanadviceinformedbythe

bestavailableevidence.

National nonprofit, nonpartisan membership association of state government officials that engage members of all three branches of state government.


Adata-drivenapproachtoreducecorrec.onsspendingandreinvestsavingsinstrategiesthatcandecreaserecidivismandincreasepublicsafetyTheJus<ceReinvestmentIni<a<veissupportedbyfundingfrom

theU.S.DepartmentofJus<ce’sBureauofJus(ceAssistance(BJA)andThePewCharitableTrusts

SenatePresidentRosenberg“Throughcollabora7onbetweentheworking

groupandCSG,wewilliden7fypoliciesfor

Massachuse;stomakesmartreformsto

reducerecidivismrates,lowercosts,andinvest

inreentryprograms.”

Stateleadersaredemonstra<ngbipar<sansupportfor

MassachusePs’sjus<cereinvestmentapproach


HouseSpeakerDeLeo“Byusingadata-drivenanalysis,withthe

inputoftheappointees,wewillensurethat

ourpolicieshelpreducerecidivismand

incarcera7onrates,arecost-effec7ve,andare

structuredinawaythatbestservesthe

ci7zensofthecommonwealth.”

ChiefJus(ceGants"Iwelcometheopportunityto...pursueour

commongoalofenhancingpublicsafetyby

reducingtherateofrecidivismandtherateof

incarcera7on.”

GovernorBaker“Thisgroupofdis7nguishedindividualswithbackgrounds

incriminaljus7ceandlawenforcementwillservethe

commonwealthwellinourendeavorwiththeCouncilof

StateGovernmentstofurtherreformandimprovethe

judicialprocessandreducerecidivismandincarcera7on

rates.”

Massachuse2sCriminalJus(ceReview—WorkingGroupFirstMee<ng,January12,2016

Source:“StateLeadersRequestIndependentReviewofCriminalJus<ceSystem,”www.stanrosenberg.com/Independent-Review-Criminal-Jus<ce-System,and“StateLeadersAnnounceWorkingGroupforReviewofCriminalJus<ceSystem”www.mass.gov/governor/press-office/press-releases/fy2016/leaders-announce-criminal-jus<ce-system-working-group.html

Thefirstworkinggroupmee<ngiden<fiedathree-partscope

ofworkfortheproject


Incarcera(on

MassachusePs’s

incarceratedpopula<onsare

dividedinhalfbetween

countyandstatefacili<es

HOCpopula<onshavedriven

overalldeclinein

incarcera<on

Trendsinjailpopula<ons

differacrosscoun<es

Recidivism

Fewrecidivismmeasuresare

rou<nelycalculatedand

reportedinMA

Recidivismforprison

releaseshasremainedat

around40%

Useofriskandneeds

assessmentsare

fundamentaltoeffec<ve

recidivism-reduc<on

strategies

Supervision

Communitysupervision

servesapproximately3/4of

thecriminaljus<ce

popula<oninMA

Proba<onhasconsistently

beenrelieduponforpost-

releasesupervisionfrom

incarcera<on

Twooutoffiveprison

releasesarereleasedtono

supervision

Glossaryoftermsusedinthispresenta<on


Disposi(on—Post-arraignmentcourtappearancewiththeoutcomeofaguiltyornotguiltyfinding,or

Con<nuanceWithoutaFinding(CWOF)Convic(on—Atypeofdisposi<onresul<nginaguiltyfindingeitherthroughapleadeal,trial,orthe

revoca<onofaCWOFdisposi<onSentence—Theoutcomeofaconvic<on;op<onsincludeafine,proba<on,orsentencetoHouseof

Correc<on(HOC)orDepartmentofCorrec<on(stateprison)Proba(onSentence—Includesstraightandsuspendedproba<onsentences;doesnotincludeCWOFsSentencingEvent—Unitofsentencingdataanalysis,represen<ngtheeventatwhichacharge,orgroupof

charges,reachesconvic<on;theoutcomeofasentencingeventisdefinedusingthefollowinghierarchy:

lifesentence,stateprisonsentence,HOCsentence,HOC/splitsentence,proba<onsentence,andfineGoverningOffense—Thesinglechargeassociatedwithasentencingevent;iftherearemul<plecharges,

thegoverningoffenseiscategorizedbythemostseriouschargebasedonapriori<zedscaleDistrictCourt—Jurisdic<onovermisdemeanorandfelonycaseswithsentencingop<onstoHOCupto30

months,proba<on,fine,orotherpre-convic<ondisposi<ons;includesBostonMunicipalCourt

SuperiorCourt—Jurisdic<onovermisdemeanorandfelonycaseswithallsentencingop<onsavailable

Defini<onsofoffensecategoriesusedinthisanalysisaredrawnfromthe

SentencingCommission’sannualSurveyofSentencingPrac<ces


MotorVehicle•  Opera<ngwith

suspendedlicense

(OSL)

•  Opera<ngunderthe

influence(OUI)

•  OSLajerOUI

•  Leavingthescene

•  Insuranceviola<on

•  Reckless/negligent

driving

•  MVhomicide

Person•  Assault&BaPery

(A&B)

•  Robbery/armed

•  Homicide

•  Manslaughter

•  A&Bdeadlyweapon

•  In<mida<on

•  Kidnapping

•  Stalking

•  Threats

Property•  Larceny

•  Larcenyfromaperson

•  Shoplijing

•  ReceivingStolenGoods

•  Burglary/armed

•  Breaking&entering

•  Vandalism/destruc<on

ofproperty

•  Forgery/fraud

Drug•  Possession

•  Distribu<on(includes

possessionwith

intenttodistribute)

•  Drugparaphernalia

•  Forgedprescrip<on

•  Trafficking

•  Controlledsubstance

atschool

Weapons•  Firearmpossession

withoutapermit

•  Carryingdangerous

weapon

•  Bartley-Fox

mandatorysentence

Violentsexoffense•  Indecentassault&

baPery

•  Rape

•  Statutoryrape

•  Possessionchild

pornography

Other•  Disorderlyconduct

•  Trespassing

•  Resis<ngarrest

•  Escape

•  Pros<tu<on

•  Indecentexposure

•  Sexoffender

registra<onviola<on

•  APempttocommit

crime,accessory,or

conspiracy

•  Disturbingthepeace

•  Minorinpossession

ofalcohol

•  Procuringalcoholfor

aminor

•  Opencontainer

•  Truenameviola<on

•  Falsealarm

•  Crueltytoanimals

Source:MassachusePsOfficeoftheTrialCourts,Massachuse;sAnnualSurveyofSentencingPrac7ces

Presenta<onOverview


SystemOverview

Execu(veSummary

KeyStatutes,Policies,andPrac(ces

SummaryofFindingsandNextSteps

3,18510,713

34,444

26,399

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

Between1980and2014,althoughviolentcrimefell26

percent,theDOCpopula<onspiked236percent


Sources:BureauofJus7ceSta7s7cs.CountofTotalJurisdic7onPopula7on.GeneratedusingtheCorrec7onsSta7s7calAnalysisToolatwww.bjs.gov.StateprisonJurisdic<onalpopula<onincludescriminaljurisdic<onalcases,includingpeopleawai<ngtrial.ThisdoesnotincludetheHOCpopula7on.

Theresidentpopula<onin

MassachusePsincreased14%

between1980and2010.

StatePrisonJurisdic<onalPopula<onandFBIUCRReportedViolentCrimes,1980–2014

DOCpop.

ViolentCrimes

+236%

-26%

AlthoughMassachusePs’sincarcera<onrateisbelowthe

na<onalrate,ithasincreasedatafasterrate


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

Sources:BureauofJus7ceSta7s7cs.ImprisonmentRateofSentencedPrisonersUndertheJurisdic7onofStateofFederalCorrec7onalAuthori7esper100,000residents,December31,1978-2014).GeneratedusingtheCorrec7onsSta7s7calAnalysisToolatwww.bjs.gov.

Incarcera<onRates,*1980–2014

*Incarcera<onratereportedbyBJSincludesfelonypopula<onssentencedtostateprisonorHOCswithasentencegreaterthan1year.

MA

US

+242

+219%

Percentchange

1980–2014

Eachyearthestatespendsoveronebilliondollarson

incarcera<oninstate-orcounty-operatedfacili<es


$583million

$1.1BILLION

DEPARTMENTOFCORRECTION

$553million

HOUSESOFCORRECTION/JAIL

Approximatelyhalfofthe

incarceratedpopula<onisserving

<meinstateprison,theotherhalf

inHOCandjails. TOTALSPENDINGONINCARCERATION

Source:MassachusePsExecu<veOfficeforAdministra<onandFinance,StateBudgetSummary,2015

Manyopportuni<esexisttoresolveacasebeforesentencing


CaseDismissedorNolle

ProsequiFiled

PRETRIALDIVERSIONS

Pretrial

Proba<on

Caseput

onfile

Dismissalon

Condi<ons

Successful

Comple<on

Source:MassachusePsExecu<veOfficeoftheTrialCourt,FY2014AnnualReport.

Termina<on

General

Con<nuance

DISPOSITION

NotGuilty

Guilty

SENTENCE

Houseof

Correc<on

StatePrison

Fines/Fees

Proba<on

Successful

Comple<on

Termina<on

Successful

Comple<on

Termina<on

Con<nueWithoutAFinding

(CWOF)

2013

DistrictCourt,BostonMunicipalCourt,andSuperiorCourtCaseFilings

In2013,39,049criminaldocketsconcludedinconvic<onand

sentencing


23,559Fines/FeesandProba<on

60%

13,636HouseofCorrec<on

35%

1,854StatePrison

5%

Source:MassachusePsExecu<veOfficeoftheTrialCourt,FY2014AnnualReport.

In2013,therewere221,715totalcasefilingsintheDistrictCourt,Boston

MunicipalCourt,andSuperiorCourt.A

singlecase,orgroupofcases,maybe

associatedwithasingleconvic<on.

39,049Convic<ons

TherearenearlyasmanyCWOFdisposi<onsascriminal

convic<onsinMassachusePs


31,855

88

35,684

3,365

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

2013Convic<onsand2014CWOFsbyCourt*

*2014istheonlyyearforwhichCWOFinforma<onisavailable.2013isthelatestyearofconvic<ondataavailabletotheCSGJus<ceCenter.

Source:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013and2014CARIsentencingdata.

DistrictCourt/BMC SuperiorCourt

RATIOOFCWOFsTOCONVICTIONS:

1TO38SUPERIORCOURT

1TO1.12

DISTRICTCOURT/BOSTONMUNICIPALCOURT

CWOFs

Convic<ons

AmajorityofCWOFsare

fromDistrictCourtorthe

BostonMunicipalCourt

458

5,701

476

1,880

1,0691,267

855 407 302 227 226 253

10,070

3,949

5,174

99

2,383

78

3,580

287

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

SuperiorCourtsentencesareprimarilyforpersonsanddrugoffenseswhileDistrict

Court/BMCsentencesareprimarilyformotorvehicleandpropertyoffenses


MOTORVEHICLE

27%OFCONVICTIONS

2013Convic<onsforGoverningOffensebyOffenseTypeandLevel*

N=39,049

*91percentofconvic<onswerefromDistrictCourt/BMC,and9percentwerefromSuperiorCourt.Chargesatsentencingareincluded.

Source:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013CARIsentencingdata.

PERSON

21%OFCONVICTIONS

PROPERTY

26%OFCONVICTIONS

DRUG

12%OFCONVICTIONS

OTHER

11%OFCONVICTIONS

WEAPON

2%OFCONVICTIONS

VIOLENTSEXOFFENSE

1%OFCONVICTIONS

Misdemeanor(DistrictCourt/BMC)

Felony(DistrictCourt/BMC)

Felony(SuperiorCourt)

Misdemeanor(SuperiorCourt)

36%ofDistrictCourt/BMCsentencesand82%ofSuperiorCourt

sentencesaretoincarcera<on

16

Source:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013CARIsentencingdata.Thisslideincludessentencesforconvic<onsinDistrictCourt,BostonMunicipalCourt,andSuperiorCourt.ThesefiguresdonotincludeCWOFs.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJus<ceCenter

2013SentencestoStatePrison,HOC,Proba<on,andFinesbyOffenseType

N=39,049

Misdemeanor(DistrictCourt/BMC) Felony(DistrictCourt/BMC) Felony(SuperiorCourt)Misdemeanor(SuperiorCourt)

468

4,126

5,647

6,999

11,3587,086

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

Fine Proba<on HOC StatePrison

0

470

723

1,854

121

180

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

Fine Proba<on HOC StatePrison

36%

43%

21%

55%

27%

18%

<1%

10%13% 13%

42%

21%

35%

22% 22%

18-24 25-34 35-44 45andolder

ResidentPopula<on

Convic<ons

Male

Female

Demographiccomposi<onoftheconvictedpopula<on

comparedtoresidentpopula<oninthestate


75%

6%10% 9%

66%

16% 15%

3%

White Black Hispanic Other

ResidentPopula<on

Convic<ons

83%17%

Source:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013CARIsentencingdata;U.S.Census2010-2014AmericanCommunitySurvey5-YearEs<mates.

Male

Female52%

48%

PercentofResidentPopula<on/PercentofConvic<onsbyRace,2013

PercentofResidentPopula<on/PercentofConvic<onsbyAge,2013

PercentofResidentPopula<onbyGender,2013

PercentofConvic<onsbyGender,2013

Convic<ons,CWOFs,andsentencesbyrace


0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

Disposi<onsandSentencesforWhiteIndividuals Disposi<onsandSentencesforBlackIndividuals

Disposi<onsandSentencesforHispanicIndividuals Disposi<onsandSentencesforOtherIndividuals

Convic<ons CWOFs Fines Proba<on HOC DOC

25,874

23,133

Percentof25,874Convic<ons

19%

44%

34%

3%



6,416

3,850


16%

38% 39%

7%

5,717

3,639Percentof5,717Convic<ons

20%

33%38%

9%


1,042

1,321


27%

41%

27%

5%


Anumberofstatutes,policies,andprac<cesshapethedistribu<onof

incarcera<onandcommunitysupervisionsentencesinMassachusePs


DATAANALYZEDTOEXPLORETHESETOPICS:

2013Sentencingdata(CARI)

2014CWOFdisposi<ondata(CARI)

2016JudicialsurveyconductedbyCSG

Criminalhistorydata(ICORI)

FACTORSSHAPINGINCARCERATIONANDSUPERVISION:

CWOFs

SentencingStatutes

SentencingGuidelines

DOC&HOCStructure

Post-ReleaseSupervisionStructure

Someanalysisisnotincludedinthispresenta<on*


ANALYSISNOTCOVEREDINTHISPRESENTATION

WHENANALYSISWILLBECOVERED

Pretrialprocesses(pretrialrelease,lengthofstay,bail,etc.)

May–June

DOC/HOCpopula<ons May–June

Paroledecisionmaking May–June

Recidivism/outcomes May–June

Post-releasesupervision June–July

Proba<on June–July

*DelaysinreceivingdatalimitedsomeoftheanalysisCSGJus<ceCentercouldcompleteforthisinterimreport

Presenta<onOverview


SystemOverview

Execu(veSummary



KEYFINDING:Peoplewithpreviousjus<cesysteminvolvementare

responsibleforthree-quartersofnewconvic<ons

22

16%

21%

26%

18%

19%

21%

38%

34%

33%

28%

26%

20%

HOC

StatePrison

AllSentences

0priors 1to2priors 3to10priors 11ormorepriors


NumberofPriorOffensesbySentenceType,2013


74%hadprior

convic<ons

Recidivismdrivesmostnewconvic<onac<vity


PercentofIndividualsConvictedin2013EverReceivingaCWOF*

N=32,839

34%(11,188people)

NOPRIORCWOF

25%(8,372people)

ONEPRIOR

CWOF

18%(5,832people)

TWOPRIOR

CWOFs

23%(7,447people)

THREEOR

MORE

PRIORCWOFs

66percentofindividualsconvictedin2013hadahistoryofatleastoneCWOF.11percentof

convic<onsweretheresultofarevoca<onofaCWOF.

*Individuals’latestdisposi<ondatein2013wasselected.Datanotavailablefor0.7%ofconvic<ons.Juvenilecriminalhistorywasexcludedfromtheanalysis.

Source:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013CARIandiCORIdata.Criminalhistoriesarecalculatedusingthenumberofincidentsandincludesadultcriminalhistoryonly.

Peopleconvictedforpropertyoffenseshadthehighest

numberofpreviousconvic(ons

7.6

4.4

6.0

7.9

4.1

6.1

3.1

Other

Motorvehicle

Drug

Property

Weapons

Persons

Violentsexoffense

AverageNumberofPreviousConvic<onsbyOffenseType

ArevolvingdoorexistswithHOCsentencesandstateprison

24CouncilofStateGovernmentsJus<ceCenter

ofindividualssentencedtoDOCin2013hadaprior

HOCsentenceswithinthelastthreeyearsof

sentencingdata(sinceFY2010)

Sentencedto

HOC

Sentencedto

DOC


ofindividualssentencedtoHOCin2013hada

priorHOCsentencewithinthelastthreeyears

ofsentencingdata(sinceFY2010)43%

ofindividualssentencedtoDOCin2013hada

priorHOCsentencewithinthelastthreeyears

ofsentencingdata(sinceFY2010)31%

RELEASESFROMHOC

179

1,199

259

891

3,111

465266

2,380

179

1,000

1,055

1,763

889

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

Violentsex

offense

Persons Weapons Drug Property Motorvehicle Other

KEYFINDING:Motorvehicleandpropertyoffensesgeneratealarge

volumeofshortsentencestoHOC


2013SentencestoHOCbyOffenseTypeandLevel

N=13,636

Misdemeanor

Felony

47%ofallHOCsentences

6,394peoplereceived

asentencetoHOCfora

motorvehicleor

propertyoffensein

2013

Averagesentence

length:

Property7.3monthsMV4.4months

Alloffenseslistedinthischartare

the“governingoffense.”Individuals

mayhavehadaddi7onalchargeson

theircourtdocket,buttheoffense

shownherewasdeemedtobethe

mostseriousinthesentencingevent.


Morethan1,200peopleweresentencedtoHOC

forlarcenyoffenses,atacostofupto$13million


LESSTHAN$250MISDEMEANORLARCENY

Punishablebyafine/proba<onoruptoa

yearinanHOC

MORETHAN$250FELONYLARCENY

Punishablebyafine/proba<on,uptotwo

yearsinanHOC,orfiveyearsinstateprison

271

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000984

2013LarcenySentencestoHOC

Source:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013CARIsentencingdata.MassachusePsSheriffsAssocia<onFY2013andFY2014costper

inmate.Thecalcula<onrepresentsanaveragecostacrosscountyfacili<es.Someofthecostperinmateinforma<onincludesbothcountyjailandHOCcosts.

NumberofsentencestoHOCfor

felonylarceny:

984

Es<matedLOsbasedonmaximum

sentencelength:

105days

Costtoincarcerateaone-yearcohort

offelonylarcenyoffendersinHOC:

$11.5M


misdemeanorlarceny:

271


sentencelength:

55days


ofmisdemeanorlarcenyoffendersin

HOC:$1.7M

TotalPoten(alCost:$13.2M

Theabovefiguresarecostes7mates.Amore

thoroughfiscalimpactanalysiswillbeconductedlaterintheprojecttoes7matecostsandpoten7al

savingsofspecificprac7cesandpolicies,andmay

differfromwhatisshownhere.

Thestatutorydefini(onoflarcenyonlystaircasestwolevelsofthel:

LESSTHAN$250andMORETHAN$250

NearlyhalfofHOCsentencesformisdemeanormotorvehicle

offenseswereforOpera<ngwithaSuspendedLicense


MisdemeanorMotorVehicleSentencestoHOCs2013

N=1,763

819

286

215180

132

73 58

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Opera<ng

Suspended

License(OSL)

OUI Reckless

Negligence

Leavingthe

Scene

OSLajerOUI Insurance

Viola<on

Other*

47%ofmisdemeanormotor

vehiclesentencesto

incarcera<onarefor

drivingwithasuspended

license

MassachusePscould

bespendingasmuchas

$8millionayearincarcera<ng

misdemeanormotorvehicle

offenders

Theabovefigureisacostes7mate.A

morethoroughfiscalimpactanalysiswillbeconductedlaterintheprojectto

es7matecostsandpoten7alsavingsof

specificprac7cesandpolicies,andmay


Source:CSGCenteranalysisof2013CARIsentencingdataaswellasMassachusePsSheriffsAssocia<onFY2013andFY2014costperInmateinforma<on.Thecalcula<onrepresentsanaveragecostacrosscountyfacili<es.Someofthecostperinmateinforma<onincludesbothcountyjailandHOCcosts.*OtherincludesHabitualTrafficOffenderandMVHomicide.

AverageSentenceLength

1.5MONTHS

2.6MONTHS

4.3MONTHS

5.1MONTHS

3.6MONTHS

0.8MONTHS

3.5MONTHS

IndividualsinMassachuse2smayhavetheirdriver’slicense

suspendedorrevokedforanumberofreasons:

Opera<ngundertheinfluence

Recklessdriving

Convic<onofcertaindrugoffenses

Delinquencyinpayingchildsupport

Existenceofanoutstandingwarrant

Viola<onofseriousvehiclelaw

Habitualoffenderconvic<on

9.3PRIORS

3.5PRIORS

6.1PRIORS

7.3PRIORS

7.5PRIORS

5.6PRIORS

7.8PRIORS

AverageNumberofPriorConv

MisdemeanorsentencestoHOCcostthestateanes<mated

$48millionayear


*Theabovefigureisacostes7mate.Amorethoroughfiscalimpactanalysiswillbeconductedlaterintheprojecttoes7matecostsandpoten7alsavingsofspecificprac7cesandpolicies,andmaydifferfromwhatisshownhere.

Source:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013CARIsentencingdata;MassachusePsSheriffsAssocia<onFY2013andFY2014costperinmate.Thecalcula<onrepresentsanaveragecostacross

countyfacili<es.Someofthecostperinmateinforma<onincludesbothcountyjailandHOCcosts.

ESTIMATEDCOSTOFINCARCERATING

MISDEMEANOROFFENSES

$48million*

MISDEMEANORSENTENCESTOHOC

7,266 AVERAGESENTENCELENGTH

AVERAGECOSTPERDAYINHOC

AVERAGELENGTHOFSTAYESTIMATE

4.3months

2months

$112

7,266x60

daysx$112

KEYFINDING:Sentencingprac<cesimpactwhetherpeople

sentencedtoincarcera<onreceivepost-releasesupervision


Sentencingpolicyandprac(cethatsetslimita(onsonPAROLE

Sentencingpolicyandprac(cethatallowopportuni(esforPROBATION

MIN/MAXRATIO

Ø  Reducingtherangebetweentheminandmax

resultsinashorterwindowofparoleeligibility.

Ø  “Andaday”sentencesareacommonprac<ceof

sexngthemaxwithinonedayofthemin.

MANDATORYMINIMUMS

Ø  Restric<onsonpar<cipa<oninpre-release

programspriortominimumterm.

HOCPAROLE

Ø  HOCsentencesshorterthan60daysarenot

paroleeligible.

FROM&AFTERPROBATIONØ  Asentencetoproba<onfollowingasentenceto

incarcera<on.

Ø  Musthavemul<plechargesatsentencing.

Ø  AllowableforbothHOCandDOCsentences.

SPLITSENTENCES

Ø  Asuspendedsentenceofproba<onfollowinga

sentencetoHOC.

Ø  Applicableonasinglecharge.

Ø  AllowableforHOC,butnotforDOCsentences.

Opportuni<esforproba<onreferstopost-releasesupervisiononly.Source:CSGJus<ceCenterreviewofMassachusePsGeneralLaws.

620

387

233

355

245

110

536

447

89

343

172

171

Nearly20%ofstateprisonsentencesrestrictparoleandhave

noguaranteedpost-releaseproba<on


NoAndaDayorFrom&Ajer

From&Ajer+AndaDay

From&Ajer

AndaDay

Mandatory

Sentences

N=603

Non-Mandatory

Sentences

N=1,251

TotalStatePrison

Sentences

N=1,854

39% 18% 15% 28%

31% 20% 36% 14%

33% 19% 29% 19%

698total“andaday”sentences

2013StatePrisonSentences

AndaDayAsentencewiththeminimumand

maximumsentenceonedayapart

From&Aler

Asentenceofpost-releaseproba<on

From&Aler+AndaDay


aswellasminandmaxonedayapart

NoAndaDayorFrom&AlerNosentenceofpost-release

proba<onandtheperiodbetween

minandmaxlongerthanoneday42%haveasentencerangeofoneyearorless

20to50percentofstateprisonsentenceswillbereviewedbytheparoleboardtodetermine

eligibilityandreleasetopost-releasesupervision.


Thelikelihoodofreceivingapost-releaseproba<onsentence

decreasedascriminalhistoryscoreincreased


51%48% 49%

42%40%

34%

30%

24%

No/MinorRecord ModerateRecord SeriousRecord ViolentorRepe<<veRecord

StatePrison HOC

CriminalHistory

PercentofSentencestoIncarcera<onwithPost-ReleaseProba<onbyCriminalHistoryScore,2013

Howaredecisionsaboutpost-releasesupervisionmade?

Aretheindividuals

mostlikelytobenefitfrompost-

releasesupervisiontheonesreceivingit?

31% 39% 32% 37%Stateprisonsentenceswithan

“andaday”sentenceoutofthose

withnopost-releaseproba<on.


Peoplewithmorethanthreeprioroffensesweremorelikelyto

receivestraightHOCsentenceswithnopost-releaseproba<on*


13%

20%

24%

17%

21%

25%

38%

38%

32%

32%

21%

19%

StraightHOC

HOCSplit

HOCFrom&Ajer


NumberofPriorOffensesfor2013SentencesbySentenceType

*StraightHOCsentencesover60daysareparoleeligibleiftheindividualdoesnotwaivetheirparolehearingSource:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013CARIsentencingdata.

N=1,033

N=3,507

N=9,096

Post-releaseProba(on

70%ofstraight

HOCsentences

have3ormore

prioroffenses

60%ofstraightHOCsentenceswillbeeligibleforparoleduetosentencelengthandthereforemay

bereviewedbytheparoleboardtodeterminereleasetopost-releasesupervision.

SUMMARY:Peoplewithpreviousjus<cesysteminvolvement

areresponsibleforthree-quartersofnewconvic<ons


Recidivismdrivesmostnewconvic<onac<vity:74percentofpeoplesentencedhadapriorconvic<onand66percenthadahistoryofatleastoneCon<nuanceWithoutaFinding(CWOF).

Morethan40percentofpeoplesentencedtoanHOChadapriorHOCsentencewithinthepreviousthreeyears.

Peopleconvictedofpropertyoffenseshadthehighestnumberofprior

offenses.

SUMMARY:Motorvehicleandpropertyoffensesaccountfor

alargevolumeofshortsentencestoHOC


NearlyhalfofallsentencestoHOC(6,394convic<ons)wereformotor

vehicleandpropertyoffenses.

54percentofmotorvehicleandpropertyHOCconvic<ons(3,464

convic<ons)werefor6monthsorless.Peoplereceivedanaveragesentenceof7.3monthsforpropertyand4.4monthsformotorvehicle

offenses.

39percentofallmisdemeanorsentencestoHOCwereformotorvehicle

andpropertyoffenses,including271convic<onsforLarcenyunder$250.819motorvehiclesentencestoHOCwereforOpera(ngwithaSuspendedLicense.

Thestatespentupto$15million*onincarcera<onformisdemeanor

motorvehicleandpropertyoffenses.


SUMMARY:Sentencingprac<cesimpactwhetherpeople



Nearlyhalfofsentencestostateprisonincludedasentenceofpost-releaseproba<on.

19percentofstateprisonsentencespreventanypost-releasesupervision,solelybasedonthesentence;drugsentencesweremost

likelytorestrictpost-releasesupervision.

Thelikelihoodofreceivingapost-releaseproba<onsentencedecreased

ascriminalhistoryscoreincreased.

Two-thirdsofHOCsentenceswerestraightsentencesthatdidnotincludepost-releaseproba<on,and40percentofpeoplewhoreceivedstraightsentenceswillnotbeeligibleforparoleduetosentencelength.

Keypolicyconsidera<ons


Recidivismaccountsforthreeoutofeveryfournewsentences.Whatstepscanbetakentoreduceratesofrecidivismacrosstheboard,

par<cularlyforpeoplereleasedfromHOC?

Massachuse2sspendstensofmillionsofdollarsincarcera(ngpeopleconvictedofmisdemeanoroffensessuchasmotorvehicleandpropertycrimes.Aretherelesscostlyapproachestoholdingthesepeopleaccountablefor

theiroffensesthatcouldalsoproducebePerpublicsafetyoutcomes?

Sentencingpoliciesandprac(cesresultininconsistentuseofpost-releasesupervisionandaccesstocommunitysupports.AretherewaystobePertargetresourcestopeoplewhoaremostlikelyto

reoffendandreduceinvestmentsinpeoplewhopresentalowrisk?

v 

v 

v 

Presenta<onOverview


SystemOverview

Execu(veSummary


CWOFs

KEYSENTENCINGSTATUTES

SENTENCINGGUIDELINES

DOC&HOCSTRUCTURE

POST-RELEASESUPERVISION

DetailedDiscussionofKeyStatutes,Policies,andPrac(ces

Thislistispresentedinorderofanindividual’s

progressionthroughthecriminaljus7cesystem

anddoesnotreflectorderofpriorityorimpact.

Con<nuanceWithoutaFinding(CWOF)isabroadlydefined

andapplieddisposi<oninMassachusePscourts


Ø  ACWOFisadisposi<oninwhich

allpar<esagreethatthereis

sufficientevidencetosupporta

guiltyfinding.

Ø  Ratherthandisposingofthecaseasaconvic<on,thecourt

“con<nueswithoutafinding”fora

designatedperiodof<me.

Ø  Duringthis<me,thedefendantis

placedonproba<on.Ifthe

individualsa<sfiesthetermsofhis

orherCWOF,thecasewillbe

dismissedbythecourtwithouta

convic<on.

Ø  Shouldtheindividualfailtomeet

thetermsoftheCWOF,thecourt

willdisposethecaseasaconvic<on

andproceedtosentencing.

GUILTY NOTGUILTY

SENTENCING

PROBATION FINE INCARCERATION

SUCCESSFULCOMPLETION

PROBATIONSURRENDERED

WRAP-UP PROBATION

SUCCESSFULCOMPLETION REVOCATION

PRETRIALHEARING

COMPLIANCEANDELECTIONOFTRIALDATE

DISPOSITION

ARRAIGNMENT

PAROLE

CWOF

Source:MassachusePsGeneralLawsChapter278,Sec<on18

Therearefewrestric<onsonoffensesthatcanqualifyforaCWOF


Chapter278,Sec(on18impartsbroadauthoritytothecourttouseCWOFs:

UseofCWOFsisnotlimitedtofirst-<meoffenders

CWOFscanbeusedforbothmisdemeanorandfelonyoffenses

solongasstatutedoesnotprohibituseofCWOForproba<on

CWOFscanbeusedconcurrentlywithaconvic<onforother

charges

IndividualsmayreceivemorethanoneCWOF

CWOFsmaybeusedinbothDistrictCourtandtheBoston

MunicipalCourt.Commonwealthv.Powell(2009)allowsfor

theuseofCWOFsinSuperiorCourt,thoughCWOFdisposi<ons

remainrare.

ü ü ü ü ü 

Source:MassachusePsGeneralLawsChapter278,Sec<on18:

TherearenearlyasmanyCWOFdisposi<onsascriminal

convic<onsinMassachusePs


31,855

88

35,684

3,365

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

2013Convic<onsand2014CWOFsbyCourt*

*2014istheonlyyearforwhichasnapshotofCWOFinforma<onisavailable.2013isthelatestyearofconvic<ondataavailabletotheCSGJus<ceCenter.


DistrictCourt/BMC SuperiorCourt

RATIOOFCWOFsTOCONVICTIONS:

1TO38SUPERIORCOURT

1TO1.12

DISTRICTCOURT/BOSTONMUNICIPALCOURT

CWOFs

Convic<ons

AmajorityofCWOFsare

fromDistrictCourtorthe

BostonMunicipalCourt

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

CWOFsareusedinalloffensecategories,thoughthe

propor<onofCWOFstoconvic<onsvaries


MotorVehicle Property Persons Drug Other Weapons Violentsexoffense

95%

61%

39%

5%

10,623

13,528

10,151

6,047

8,222

5,760

4,5834,166 4,122

1,860

869451 479

131

2013Convic<onsand2014CWOFsbyOffense*

64%

36%

54%

46%

87%

13% 61%39%

100%

MisdemeanorConvic<on

FelonyConvic<on

MisdemeanorCWOF

FelonyCWOF

99%

1%

34%

66%

77%

23%

78%

22%

88%

12%45%55% 100%

n=39,049

n=31,943

ThenumberofCWOFs

andconvic<ons

representindividual

disposi<ons,butnot

individualpeople.One

personmayhaveboth

anac<veCWOFanda

convic<on.

*2014istheonlyyearforwhichCWOFinforma<onisavailable.2013isthelatestyearofconvic<ondataavailabletotheCSGJus<ceCenter.Source:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013and2014CARIsentencingdata.

99%ofCWOFsarein

DistrictCourt/BMC

Lessthan1%ofCWOFsareinSuperiorCourt

1,744

1,074

4,139

173

5,517

731

4,174

909

4,842

70

2,166

2,828

4,457

6,224

1,333

1,618

3,282

142

4,528

532

3,251

911

4,024

125

2,157

2,8533,054

4,133

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

Convic<ons CWOFs

Thenumbersofconvic<onsandCWOFsvaryacrosscoun<es


2013Convic<onsand2014CWOFsbyCounty*

*2014istheonlyyearforwhichasnapshotofCWOFinforma<onisavailable.TheCSGJus<ceCenterhasnotyetreceived2014sentencingdata.


Thereareavarietyofreasonsfordifferencesinthenumbersandpropor7onsofCWOFsandconvic7ons,

includingvariancesinlocalcrimeratesandseriousnessofoffenses.

Male

Female

Demographiccomposi<onofCWOFscomparedto

residentpopula<oninthestate


71%29%

10%13% 13%

42%

21%

35%

22% 22%

18-24 25-34 35-44 45andolder

ResidentPopula<on

CWOFs

Source:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2014CARIcourtdata;U.S.Census2010–2014AmericanCommunitySurvey5-YearEs<mates.

.

Male

Female

52%

48%

PercentofResidentPopula<on/PercentofCWOFsbyRace,2013

PercentofResidentPopula<on/PercentofCWOFsbyAge,2013

PercentofResidentPopula<onbyGender,2013

PercentofCWOFsbyGender,201375%

6%10% 9%

72%

12% 11%

4%


ResidentPopula<on

CWOFs

Two-thirdsofpeopleconvictedin2013hadahistoryofat

leastonepriorCWOFasanadult


PercentofPeopleConvictedin2013EverReceivingaCWOF*

N=32,839

34%(11,188people)

NOPRIORCWOF

25%(8,372people)

ONEPRIOR

CWOF

18%(5,832people)

TWOPRIOR

CWOFs

23%(7,447people)

THREEORMORE

PRIORCWOFs

66percentofpeopleconvictedin2013hadahistory

ofatleastoneCWOF.

In201311percentofconvic<onsweretheresultofa

revoca<onofaCWOF.

*Individuals’latestdisposi<ondatein2013wasselected.Datanotavailablefor0.7%ofconvic<ons.Juvenilecriminalhistorywasexcludedfromtheanalysis.

Source:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013CARIandCORIdata.

NearlyhalfofCWOFshaveaperiodofsupervisedproba<on

of10to12months


12%

25%

11%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

13monthsormore

10to12months

4to9months

3monthsorless

PeoplewithCWOFshave

ashortertermof

supervisedproba<on

thanconvicted

individualssentencedto

straightproba<on.

Theaverage

proba<onsentenceis

17–20months.

2014CWOFDisposi<onsbyLengthofProba<on*

N=31,943

*3%ofcasesdidnothavelengthofsupervisionavailable

Source:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2014CARIsentencingdataandproba<oncaseloaddata;MAOfficeoftheCommissionerofProba<on.

49%

Judgesiden<fiedseverityofoffenseandcriminalhistoryas

keyconsidera<onsindecisionstouseaCWOFoverconvic<on


Judgesiden(fiedaddi(onalfactorsasbeinginfluen(alin

theirdecisionmaking:

Inputandconsensus

amongvic<msinthecase

Likelihoodofadefendant

toreoffend

Thecourtinwhichthey

arepresiding:CWOFsare

rareinSuperiorCourt

PercentofJudgesRepor<ngFactorsasVeryImportanttoMakingDecisionsonCWOFs

*CSGJus<ceCenterelectronicsurveyofMassachusePsjudges,March2016.14BostonMunicipalCourtjudges,31DistrictCourtjudgesand30SuperiorCourtjudgespar<cipatedinthesurvey.

86%

93%

79% 79%

71%

50%

21%

87%90%

77% 77%

45%

39%

32%

93%

83%87%

73%

40%

33%

23%

Severityofcrime Criminalhistory Typeofoffense

(person,drug,

property,etc.)

First<me

offenderstatus

Ageofoffender Abilitytoprevent

collateral

consequences

Pleaagreement

offeredbyDA

anddefense

BostonMunicipalCourt DistrictCourt SuperiorCourt

CWOFsarebroadlyused,butliPleisknownabouttheirimpacton

thecriminaljus<cesystemorpeoplewhoreceivethem


Thereissignificantflexibilityintheuseof

CWOFs.DistrictCourtandBMCmostheavily

relyonthisdisposi<onop<on.

CWOFsareusedasastrongincen<veto

successfullycompleteproba<on.

CWOFspreventcollateralconsequencesfor

manyrecipientsbypreven<ngapermanent

criminalrecord(thoughthefederal

governmentviewsCWOFsasaconvic<onin

professionallicensingandimmigra<on

circumstances).

ItislikelythatpeoplewhoreceiveCWOFswill

havemul<pleinterac<onswiththecriminal

jus<cesystem.

Whatarethekeydifferencesbetweenpeople

whoreceiveaCWOFandthosethatare

convictedandreceiveasentencetostraight

proba<on?

Dorecidivismoutcomesdifferforpeoplewith

CWOFsversuspeoplewithstraightproba<on

sentences?

Howdotheratesofsuccessfulcomple<onof

proba<ondifferforpeoplewithCWOFsversus

peoplewithstraightproba<onsentences?

WhatdoCWOFscostthecriminaljus<ce

system?Howdoesthatcomparetoother

disposi<ons/sentences?

KEYSYSTEMFACTSABOUTCWOFs UNKNOWNSFORCWOFDISPOSITIONS

Addi<onalanalysisonCWOFs


HowmanyCWOFsarethereeachyear?

Whatkindofoffenses/offendersreceiveCWOFs?

HowojendopeoplewhoreceiveCWOFsrecidivate?Istheir

recidivismratebePerorworsethanpeoplewhoproceedto

convic<onsandreceiveeitherproba<onorincarcera<on

sentences?

WhatdoCWOFscostorsavethesystem?

HowdoCWOFsimpactpublicsafety?

IfCWOFsascurrentlyusedlackeffec<veness,howcouldthey

bepoten<allyrestructuredtobePerfitintoaneffec<ve

con<nuumofresponses?

ü ü 

Presenta<onOverview


SystemOverview

Execu(veSummary


CWOFs



DOC&HOCSTRUCTURE






0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

Motorvehicle Property Persons Drug Other Weapons Violentsex

offense

2,122

517 529 479

Overhalfofconvic<onswereforpropertyormotorvehicleoffenses


2013Convic<onsbyOffenseTypeandLevel

N=39,049

10,097

3,974

5,273

2,4613,605

340

6,177

526

2,949

Misdemeanor Felony

53%ofallconvic(ons 6,643

individualsreceived

asentenceto

incarcera<onfora

motorvehicleor

propertyoffensein

2013

Alloffenseslistedinthischartare

the“governingoffense.”Peoplemay

havehadaddi7onalchargesontheir

courtdocket,buttheoffenseshown

herewasdeemedtobethemost

seriousinthesentencingevent.


Thestatespentupto$15milliononincarcera<onfor

misdemeanormotorvehicleandpropertyoffenses


Therearedozensofcriminalmotorvehicle

offensesinMassachusePs,amajorityof

whichcanbesentencedtoincarcera<on.

PropertyCrimeStatutes

CriminalMotorVehicleStatutes

Larcenystatuteshavemanycategories,but

liPledefini<onaroundseverity.Mostlarceny

convic<onscanbesentencedtoincarcera<on.

Source:GeneralLawsChapter266,Sec<ons30-60.DistrictCourtDepartmentoftheTrialCourt&RegistryofMotorVehicles.TableofCitableMotorVehicleOffenseseffec7veOctober23,2013basedonGeneralLawsChapter90,Sec<ons1-4.CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013CARIsentencingdata;MassachusePsSheriffsAssocia<onFY2013andFY2014costperInmate.

1,055

1,432 1,487

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

HOC Proba<on Other

1,763

5,332

3,002

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

HOC Proba<on Other

MisdemeanorPropertyCrimebySentence MisdemeanorMotorVehicleCrimebySentence

N=10,097N=3,974

NearlyhalfofHOCsentencesformisdemeanormotorvehicle

offenseswereforOpera<ngwithaSuspendedLicense


MisdemeanorMotorVehicleSentencestoHOCs2013

N=1,763

819

286

215180

132

73 58

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Opera<ng

Suspended

License(OSL)

OUI Reckless

Negligence

Leavingthe

Scene

OSLajerOUI Insurance

Viola<on

Other*

47%ofmisdemeanormotor

vehiclesentencesto

incarcera<onarefor

drivingwithasuspended

license

MassachusePscould

bespendingasmuchas

$8millionayearincarcera<ng

misdemeanormotorvehicle

offenders

Theabovefigureisacostes7mate.A

morethoroughfiscalimpactanalysiswillbeconductedlaterintheprojectto

es7matecostsandpoten7alsavingsof

specificprac7cesandpolicies,andmay


Source:CSGCenteranalysisof2013CARIsentencingdataaswellasMassachusePsSheriffsAssocia<onFY2013andFY2014costperInmateinforma<on.Thecalcula<onrepresentsanaveragecostacrosscountyfacili<es.Someofthecostperinmateinforma<onincludesbothcountyjailandHOCcosts.*OtherincludesHabitualTrafficOffenderandMVHomicide.

AverageSentenceLength

1.5MONTHS

2.6MONTHS

4.3MONTHS

5.1MONTHS

3.6MONTHS

0.8MONTHS

3.5MONTHS

PeopleinMassachuse2smayhavetheirdriver’slicensesuspendedor

revokedforanumberofreasons:

Opera<ngundertheinfluence

Recklessdriving

Convic<onofcertaindrugoffenses

Delinquencyinpayingchildsupport

Existenceofanoutstandingwarrant

Viola<onofseriousvehiclelaw

Habitualoffenderconvic<on

9.3PRIORS

3.5PRIORS

6.1PRIORS

7.3PRIORS

7.5PRIORS

5.6PRIORS

7.8PRIORS

AverageNumberofPriorConv

Morethan1,200peopleweresentencedtoHOC

forlarcenyoffenses,atacostofupto$13million


LESSTHAN$250MISDEMEANORLARCENY

Punishablebyafine/proba<onoruptoa

yearinanHOC

MORETHAN$250FELONYLARCENY

Punishablebyafine/proba<on,uptotwo

yearsinanHOC,orfiveyearsinstateprison

271

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000984

2013LarcenySentencestoHOC

Source:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013CARIsentencingdata.MassachusePsSheriffsAssocia<onFY2013andFY2014costper

inmate.Thecalcula<onrepresentsanaveragecostacrosscountyfacili<es.Someofthecostperinmateinforma<onincludesbothcountyjailandHOCcosts.


felonylarceny:

984


sentencelength:

105days


offelonylarcenyoffendersinHOC:

$11.5M


misdemeanorlarceny:

271


sentencelength:

55days


ofmisdemeanorlarcenyoffendersin

HOC:$1.7M

TotalPoten(alCost:$13.2M

Theabovefiguresarecostes7mates.Amore

thoroughfiscalimpactanalysiswillbeconductedlaterintheprojecttoes7matecostsandpoten7al

savingsofspecificprac7cesandpolicies,andmay


Thestatutorydefini(onoflarcenyonlystaircasestwolevelsofthel:

LESSTHAN$250andMORETHAN$250

Thefelonylarcenythresholdhasnotbeenadjustedtokeep

upwithinfla<on


Changesinfelonylarceny*thresholdshavenotresultedinhigherpropertycrimeorthejrates.Otherstatesrefertolarcenyasthej.Source:MassachusePsGeneralLawsChapter266,Sec<on30.CSGJus<ceCenterlegalanalysisofstates’felonylarcenythresholds.

FelonyThej/Larceny$500orLess FelonyThej/Larceny$650orMore

FelonyThej/Larceny*ThresholdsbyState2015

Massachuse2sisoneof14stateswithafelonylarcenythreshold

of$500orless

ValueofMassachusePs’sHistoricalFelonyLarcenyThresholdin

2014Dollars,1977–2014

$977

$250

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000

$1,200

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

$977IN2014DOLLARSISEQUIVALENTTO$250IN1977DOLLARS

66%

16% 15%

3%

72%

16%11%

2%

72%

11%14%

4%


Convic<ons Property MotorVehicle

21%

35%

22% 22%23%

36%

23%

19%

15%

34%

23%

28%

18-24 25-34 35-44 45andolder

Convic<ons Property MotorVehicle

2013Property,MotorVehicle,andTotalConvic<onsbyAge

Demographiccomposi<onofmotorvehicleandproperty

convic<onscomparedtototalconvic<ons


Source:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013CARIsentencingdata;U.S.Census2010-2014AmericanCommunitySurvey5-YearEs<mates.

2013Property,MotorVehicle,andTotalConvic<onsbyRace

Male

Female

83% 17%

2013Convic<onsbyGender

Male

Female

75%25%

2013PropertyConvic<onsbyGender

Male

Female

84% 16%

2013MotorVehicleConvic<onsbyGender

Addi<onalanalysisonkeysentencingstatutes


Whatarethemostcommonlyusedcriminalstatutes?

HowdoMassachusePs’spropertyoffensethresholds

comparena<onally?

Whatarethecostsforincarcera<ngpeopleconvictedof

low-levelpropertyoffenses?

Whatarethestatutoryrequirementsforimposing

res<tu<onaspartofsentencingandhowdothese

comparetootherstates?

Whatopportuni<esexistpretrial?

Whatistheimpactofmandatorysentences?

Whatistherela<onshipbetweenpropertyoffensesand

substanceusedisorders?

ü ü ü 

Presenta<onOverview


SystemOverview

Execu(veSummary


CWOFs



DOC&HOCSTRUCTURE






MassachusePsisoneof21stateswithsomeformof

sentencingguidelines


Source:IncludesWashingtonDC,whichisnotmarkedonthemap.hPp://www.ncsc.org/~/media/Microsites/Files/CSI/State_Sentencing_Guidelines.ashx

In1991theMassachusePsTaskForceonJus<cefoundthat“sentencinginMassachuse;sis

haphazard,confusing,andarchaic,withahodgepodgeofop7ons.Asaresult,thereisa

substan7aldispropor7onalityinsentencesgivenforvariousoffensesandalackofuniformity

amongsentencesimposedforthesameoffense.”

DevelopmentofthesentencingguidelinesinMAreflectedseveralkeyconsidera(ons

Ø  Ensuringadequatediscre(onwhileprovidingadequateguidance

Ø  Promo(ngfairnessandreducingdisparity

StateswithSentencingGuidelines

Theguidelinesincludeagridthatsortscasesintozonesbased

onoffenseseverityandcriminalhistory


Incarcera(onZonePresump7vesentence

ofincarcera7on

(stateprisonorHOC)

Discre(onaryZonePresump7vesentence

ofincarcera7on(state

prisonorHOC)or

intermediatesanc7ons

(proba7on/fine)

INTERMEDIATESANCTIONSZONEPresump7vesentenceof

intermediatesanc7ons

(proba7on/fine)

CriminalHistory

SENTENCINGGUIDELINESGRID

12%ofsentencesin2013werenotassigned

tothesentencinggrid(OUI,Mandatoryfirearms,

Non-jailableoffenses)

A-No/MinorRecordB-ModerateRecordC-SeriousRecordD-ViolentorRepe((veRecordE-SeriousViolentRecord

SeverityLevels1and2arealmost

primarilymisdemeanors—drug,

publicorder,motorvehicle,

property

SeverityLevels3and4aremixture

offelony/misdemeanorandmostly

drug/propertybutalsosomelow-

levelassault

SeverityLevels5andhigheraremostlyviolentfeloniesorhigh-level

drugtrafficking

Source:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013CARIsentencingdata;MassachusePsSentencingCommission,1998SentencingGuide:Massachuse;sSentencingGuidelines.

ThegridisaconsistenttoolusedbySuperiorCourtjudges,

buttheguidelinesarenotapplicabletoDistrictCourtcases


Strongestfactorsindecidingonincarcera(onandincarcera(on

lengthinclude:

“Rarely”or“Never”

98%DistrictCourt/BMCJudges

71% ofjudgesreportedtheyreceivesufficient

informa<ontofeelconfidentinmaking

sentencingdecisions

91% rarelyorneverorderapre-sentence

inves<ga<on

Offensetypeandseverity

Criminalhistory

Statutoryrequirement

Professionaljudgment

CONSULTINGTHESENTENCINGGUIDELINESINSENTENCINGDECISIONS

*DistrictCourtresponsesincludeBostonMunicipaljudges.CSGJus<ceCenterelectronicsurveyofMassachusePsjudges,March2016.45BostonMunicipalandDistrictCourtjudgesand30superiorcourtjudgespar<cipatedinthesurvey.

“Always”or“Ojen”

93%SuperiorCourtJudges

3,837

5,924

10,255

5,527

207

0

0

0

0

0

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,00012,000

Nogrid

Level1

Level2

Level3

Level4

Level5

Level6

Level7

Level8

Level9

999

9

767

6,658

2,811

1,067

575

218

118

77

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,00012,000

Nogrid

Level1

Level2

Level3

Level4

Level5

Level6

Level7

Level8

Level9

Amajorityofoffenses,especiallythoseprocessedinDistrictCourt,

fallintooffenselevels1through4andareinthediscre<onaryzone


“Nogrid”includesOUI,mandatorygun,andnon-jailableoffenses.Source:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013CARIsentencingdata;MassachusePsSentencingCommission,1998SentencingGuide:Massachuse;sSentencingGuidelines.

MISDEMEANORSN=25,750

FELONIESN=13,299

No/MinorRecord(A)

ModerateRecord(B)

SeriousRecord(C)

ViolentorRepe((ve(D)

SeriousViolent(E)

9 Mandatory

Life

Mandatory

Life

Mandatory

Life

Mandatory

Life

Mandatory

Life

8 StatePrison StatePrison StatePrison StatePrison StatePrison



5 Prison/HOC

Proba<on

Prison/HOC

Proba<onStatePrison StatePrison StatePrison

4 Prison/HOC

Proba<on

Prison/HOC

Proba<on

Prison/HOC

Proba<on

StatePrison

HOC

StatePrison

HOC

3HOC

Proba<on

Fine

Prison/HOC

Proba<on

Fine

Prison/HOC

Proba<on

Fine

Prison/HOC

Proba<on

Prison/HOC

Proba<on

2 Proba<on

Fine

HOC

Proba<on

Fine

HOC

Proba<on

Fine

HOC

Proba<on

Fine

HOC

Proba<on

Fine

1 Proba<on

Fine

Proba<on

Fine

Proba<on

Fine

HOC

Proba<on

Fine

HOC

Proba<on

Fine

Notassigned OUI,mandatorygun,andnon-jailableoffenses

Offense

Severity

Criminal

History

Ofsentencesthatareassignedtothegrid,86%aresentencedwithintheproposedguidelinesranges,

58%wereinthe“discre<onaryzone”

Sentencingoutcomescanvaryforindividualswiththesame

offenseandsimilarcriminalhistory


EXAMPLEOFFENSE1:

LarcenyLessThan$250CriminalHistory:Minor—Moderate

OffenseSeverityLevel:2

EXAMPLEOFFENSE3:

DrugPossessionClassBCriminalHistory:Minor—Moderate


30%

HOC

57%

Proba<on

13%

Fine

39%

HOC

47%

Proba<on

14%

Fine

N=522

N=522

Theoffensesincludedinthisanalysisrepresent

thechargeatsentencingandmay,insome

cases,bedifferentfromtheoriginalcharge.

CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013CARIsentencingdata.

N=278

EXAMPLEOFFENSE2:

Opera(ngLicenseSuspended(Subsequent)CriminalHistory:Minor—Moderate


48%

HOC

40%

Proba<on

12%

Fine

2013Sentences

11.2

15.614.0

22.6 22.9

25.5

SuperiorCourtsentencesareconsistentlylongerthanDistrict

Courtsentencesforsimilaroffenses


N=393

N=58

N=1,077

N=238

N=3,290

N=174

OFFENSESEVERITY

20-30

months

*MandatorysentencesareexcludedCSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013CARIsentencingdata.

Arraignmentin

DistrictCourt/BMC

Sentencedin

DistrictCourt/BMC

Indicted&Sentencedin

SuperiorCourt

Level3

District/BMC

Level4

District/BMC

Level5

District/BMCLevel3

Superior

Level4

Superior

Level5

Superior

Thedecisiontoindictandbringa

casetoSuperiorCourtisinformed

byvariousfactorsthatmaynotbe

fullycapturedbyoffenseseverity

level.Furthermore,offense

severitylevelissomewhatbroad

inthevaryingdegreesofoffense

severitywithinagivenlevel.

CasesthatmovethroughSuperiorCourtreceive

longersentences

100%

longer

47%

longer

82%

longer

Addi<onalanalysisonsentencingguidelines


Howdojudgesusethesentencingguidelinesandother

informa<oninmakingsentencingdecisions?

Howmanycasesapplytothesentencinggridandwhere

dotheytypicallyfall?

Whatarethesentencingoutcomesforthesameoffense

withsimilarcriminalhistory?

Shouldprocessesbeimprovedtocreatemoreconsistency

andstandardiza<oninsentencing?

Whatarerela<vecostsandrecidivismoutcomesforsimilar

individualsreceivingdifferenttypesofsentences?

ü ü ü 

Presenta<onOverview


SystemOverview

Execu(veSummary


CWOFs



DOC&HOCSTRUCTURE






DOCandcountyfacili<es*managesimilarlysizedpopula<ons

andreceivesimilarlevelsofstatefunding


*Countyfacili<esincludebothjailsandHOCs.

Thereare17prisonfacili(esand14jail/HOCfacili(esinMassachuse2s

Ø  Correc<onssystemfundingwas

consolidatedin2010via

appropria<onsbillsSenate,No.

2121andHouse,No.4181

Ø  Asaresultoftheconsolida<on,all14independentlyelected

sheriffsinthestatereceiveall

fundingthroughthestate

generalappropria<onsact

Ø  Thefinancialshijwasmeantto

createmorefinancialstabilityfor

sheriffsandreducetotalcosts

StatePrison CountyJail/HOC

Year-EndPopula(on(2013)

10,099(11%ofsystem)

11,125(12%ofsystem)

FY14Budget

$583m(45%ofsystem)

$553m(42%ofsystem)

Source:MassachusePsExecu<veOfficeforAdministra<onandFinance,StateBudgetSummary,2015

AnumberofoffensescanbesentencedtoeitherHOCor

stateprison


HouseofCorrec(on1day–2.5years Therearemorethan

480offensesdefinedinstatutethatcanresultinasentencetoeitherHOCorstateprison

Source:MassachusePsGeneralLawsChapter126,Sec<ons4,8and23andChapter279Sec<on24.

HouseofCorrec(on1day–2.5years

Stateprison1+year

1year–2.5years

DISTRICTCOURT/BMCDistrictCourtjudgeshavethe

op<ontosentencetoHOCup

to30months

SUPERIORCOURTSuperiorCourtjudgeshavethe

op<ontosentencetoHOCfor

upto30monthsortostate

prisonforuptoanylength

allowedbystatute

Three-quartersofsentencestoHOCareforlessthanoneyear

68

6,401

47%

3,891

29%

8656%

2,479

18%


Misdemeanor

sentences

Felony

sentences

Lessthan1Year

1–2½Years

79

859

920

943

1,660

1,940

Weapons

Other

DrugPoss

Property

MotorVehicle

Persons

Thestatespendsupto$48million*eachyearincarcera<ngmisdemeanoroffendersforshortsentences

WhataretherecidivismratesforthoseleavingHOCalerservingashortsentence?

NearlyhalfofMV

offenseswere

Drivingwith

SuspendedLicense

SentencestoHOCbyOffense,2013

N=13,636

MisdemeanorSentencesLessthan1Year,2013

N=6,401

*Theabovefigureisacostes<mate.Amorethoroughfiscalimpactanalysiswillbeconductedlaterintheprojecttoes<matecostsandpoten<alsavingsofspecificprac<cesandpolicies,andmaydifferfromwhatisshownhere.

Source:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013CARIsentencingdata;MassachusePsSheriffsAssocia<onFY2013andFY2014costperInmate.Thecalcula<onrepresentsanaveragecostacross

countyfacili<es.Someofthecostperinmateinforma<onincludesbothcountyjailandHOCcosts.

StateprisonandHOCsentencesaresimilarlydistributedacrossoffenses,

butstateprisonsentencesareformoreseverecrimesthanHOCsentences


193

0

2

57

454

282

479

200

110

77

0 100 200 300 400 500

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

155

782

155220

482

29 31

179

1,199

259

3,111

891

465

266

2,380

179

1,0551,000

1,763

889

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

Felony

HOCFelony

HOCMisdemeanor

Violent/Sex

8%

Persons

42%

Weapons

8%

Property

12%

Drug

26%

MV

2%

Other

2%

0

10%

SentencestoHOCandStatePrisonbyOffense,2013SentencestoStatePrisonbyOffenseSeverityLevel,2013

1,091

1,059

3,597

5,846

1,539

453

43

8

0

0

0 2,000 4,000 6,000

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

SentencestoHOCbyOffenseSeverityLevel,2013


Low

Severity

High

Severity

Low

Severity

High

Severity

26%

34%

21%18%

23%

39%

21%

17%

18-24 25-34 35-44 45orolder

HOC

DOC

Demographiccomposi<onofsentencestoHOCand

stateprison


64%

18%16%

2%

44%

26%27%

3%


HOC

DOC 88%

12%


2013SentencestoHOCandStatePrisonbyRace

2013SentencestoHOCandStatePrisonbyAge

2013SentencestoHOCandStatePrisonbyGender

Male

Female96%

4%

Male

Female

DOCHOC

2013SentencestoStatePrison

One-thirdofsentencestostateprisonrequiremandatory

incarcera<onforamotorvehicle,drug,weapons,orpersonoffense


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Other MV Drug Property Weapons Persons Violent

sex

offense

Mandatory

Nomandatory

N=1,854

67%mandatory

100%mandatory

96%mandatory

10%mandatory

*Mandatorypersonsoffensessentencedtoprisonwerelifesentences

5%

0%

59%

36%

Other

Possession

Distribu<on

Trafficking N=174

N=286

8%

44%

48%

0%

Other

Possession

Distribu<on

Trafficking

N=910

N=836


2013SentencestoStatePrisonforDrugOffenses

2013SentencestoHOCforDrugOffenses

7,996

2,327

1,999

259

711

156 16226


HOCNon-Mandatory

HOCMandatory

MandatorysentencestoHOCandDOCbyrace


2013Non-MandatoryandMandatorySentencestoHOCbyRace

Non-MandatoryN=12,581,MandatoryN=1,055

649

279 287

36

176

209 205

13


DOCNon-Mandatory

DOCMandatory

2013Non-MandatoryandMandatorySentencestoDOCbyRace

Non-MandatoryN=1,251,MandatoryN=603

8%ofsentencestoHOCare

mandatories

33%ofsentencestoDOCare

mandatories


Nearlythree-quartersofallsentenceswereimposedon

peoplewithatleastsomecriminalhistory

73

16%

21%

26%

18%

19%

21%

38%

34%

33%

28%

26%

20%

HOC

StatePrison

AllSentences



NumberofPriorConvic<onsbySentenceType,2013

Whatisthecostofthesereturnstoincarcera(on?

Whatimpactcouldrecidivismreduc(onstrategieshaveonHOCandstateprisonpopula(ons?

Source:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013CARIandiCORIdata.Criminalhistoriesarecalculatedusingthenumberofincidentsandincludesadultcriminalhistoryonly.

ArevolvingdoorexistswithHOCsentencesandDOC


ofindividualssentencedtoDOCin2013hadaprior

HOCsentenceswithinthelastthreeyearsof

sentencingdata(sinceFY2010)

Sentencedto

HOC

Sentencedto

DOC


ofpeoplesentencedtoHOCin2013hadaprior

HOCsentencewithinthelastthreeyearsof

sentencingdata(sinceFY2010)43%

ofpeoplesentencedtoDOCin2013hadaprior

HOCsentencewithinthelastthreeyearsof

sentencingdata(sinceFY2010)31%

RELEASESFROMHOC

Addi<onalanalysisonHOCsandstateprison


WhattypesofoffensesaredrivingHOCandstateprison

sentences?

Whatistheoffenseseverityandcriminalhistoryforpeople

sentencedtoHOCandstateprison?

WhatisthelengthofsentencestoHOC?

WhoisinHOCandstateprisonforasupervisionviola<on

versusanewcrime?

Whatistheriskandneedsassessmentinforma<onforthis

popula<onandhowisitusedindeterminingtreatment

andprogramming?

Whatarethepropor<onofpeoplewithinHOCandstate

prisonthatareparoleeligibleandhowdoesgood<me

impacttheirsentence?

ü ü ü 

Presenta<onOverview


SystemOverview

Execu(veSummary


CWOFs



DOC&HOCSTRUCTURE






Sentencingop<onsresultinrestric<ngandrequiringpost-

releasesupervision


Sentencingpolicyandprac(cethatsetslimita(onsonPAROLE

Sentencingpolicyandprac(cethatallowopportuni(esforPROBATION

MIN/MAXRATIO

Ø  Reducingtherangebetweentheminandmax

resultsinashorterwindowofparoleeligibility.

Ø  “Andaday”sentencesareacommonprac<ce

ofsexngthemaxwithinonedayofthemin.

MANDATORYMINIMUMS

Ø  Restric<onsonpar<cipa<oninpre-release

programspriortominimumterm.

HOCPAROLE

Ø  HOCsentencesshorterthan60daysarenot

paroleeligible.

FROM&AFTERPROBATION

Ø  Asentencetoproba<onfollowingasentence

toincarcera<on.

Ø  Musthavemul<plechargesatsentencing.

Ø  AllowableforbothHOCandstateprison

sentences.

SPLITSENTENCES

Ø  Asuspendedsentenceofproba<onfollowinga

sentencetoHOC.

Ø  Applicableonasinglecharge.

Ø  AllowableforHOC,butnotforstateprison

sentences.

Opportuni<esforproba<onreferstopost-releasesupervisiononly.Source:CSGJus<ceCenterreviewofMassachusePsGeneralLaws.

Theflexibilityofsentencingop<onshasanimpactonthe

consistencyofpost-releasesupervisionop<ons


HOCSENTENCINGOPTIONS

OPTIONS POST-RELEASEIMPACT

Splitsentence

60+daysentence/

splitorF&A

<60daysentence Noparole

Proba<on

Proba<on&

paroleeligible

DOCSENTENCINGOPTIONS

(availableonlytosuperiorcourtjudges)

From&ajer

sentence

“Andaday”sentence

Proba<on&

paroleeligible

Noparole

OPTIONS POST-RELEASEIMPACT

891

698

603

Fromandajer

Andaday

Mandatory

1,854totalstate

prison

sentences

3,507

1,055

1,033

Splitsentence

Mandatory

Fromandajer

13,636totalHOC

sentences

Source:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisofCARIsentencingdata.

Whilemandatorysentences

donotprecludeparole,some

policiesresultinrestric<onof

par<cipa<oninpre-release

programsun<lthemandatory

minimumtermhasbeen

completed,whichmayhave

animpactonparole.

Ascriminalhistoryscoreincreases,thelikelihoodofreceiving

apost-releaseproba<onsentencedecreases


51%48% 49%

42%40%

34%

30%

24%

No/MinorRecord ModerateRecord SeriousRecord ViolentorRepe<<veRecord

StatePrison HOC

CriminalHistorySource:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013CARIsentencingdata.

PercentofSentencestoIncarcera<onwithPost-ReleaseProba<onbyCriminalHistoryScore,2013

Howaredecisionsaboutpost-releasesupervisionmade?

Aretheindividuals

mostlikelytobenefitfrompost-

releasesupervisiontheonesreceivingit?

31% 39% 32% 37%

Stateprisonsentenceswithan

“andaday”sentenceoutofthose

withnopost-releaseproba<on.

Peoplewithmorethanthreeprioroffensesweremorelikelyto

receivestraightHOCsentenceswithnopost-releaseproba<on*


13%

20%

24%

17%

21%

25%

38%

38%

32%

32%

21%

19%

StraightHOC

HOCSplit

HOCFrom&Ajer


NumberofPriorOffensesfor2013SentencesbySentenceType

*StraightHOCsentencesover60daysareparoleeligibleiftheindividualdoesnotwaivetheirparolehearingSource:CSGJus<ceCenteranalysisof2013CARIsentencingdata.

N=1,033

N=3,507

N=9,096

Post-ReleaseProba(on

70%ofstraight

HOCsentences

have3ormore

prioroffenses

60%ofstraightHOCsentenceswillbeeligibleforparoleduetosentencelengthandthereforemay

bereviewedbytheparoleboardtodeterminereleasetopost-releasesupervision.

Drugandpropertyoffensesweretheleastlikelytoreceivea

sentenceofpost-releaseproba<on


76%

51%48%

36%38%

69%

32%

37%

41%

19%

14%

23%

13%

HOC-Felony HOC-Misdemeanor


PercentofSentenceswithPost-releaseProba<onbyOffenseType,2013

Violentsex

offense

N=179

Persons

N=3,579

Weapon

N=438

Property

N=4,166

Drug

N=1,891

MotorVehicle

N=2,228

Other

N=1,155

19% 35% 22% 13% 21% 48% 12% 47% 3% 76% 28% 73%

Percentofcases

noteligiblefor

paroledueto

sentencelength

outofthosenot

receiving

proba<on

620

387

233

355

245

110

536

447

89

343

172

171

Nearly20%ofstateprisonsentencesrestrictparoleandhave

noguaranteedpost-releaseproba<on


NoAndaDayorFrom&Ajer

From&Ajer+AndaDay

From&Ajer

AndaDay

Mandatory

Sentences

N=603

Non-Mandatory

Sentences

N=1,251

TotalStatePrison

Sentences

N=1,854

39% 18% 15% 28%

31% 20% 36% 14%

33% 19% 29% 19%

698total“andaday”sentences

2013StatePrisonSentences

AndaDayAsentencewiththeminimumand

maximumsentenceonedayapart

From&Aler


From&Aler+AndaDay


aswellasminandmaxonedayapart

NoAndaDayorFrom&AlerNosentenceofpost-release

proba<onandtheperiodbetween

minandmaxlongerthanoneday42%haveasentencerangeofoneyearorless

20to50percentofstateprisonsentenceswillbereviewedbytheparoleboardtodetermine

eligibilityandreleasetopost-releasesupervision.


Drugoffenseswerethemostlikelytohavean“AndaDay”

sentencewithoutpost-releaseproba<on


19%

9% 9%

17% 16%

41%

Total Violentsex

offense

Persons Weapons Property DrugN=1,776 N=155N=782 N=220 N=482

LifeSentencesareExcluded

Ofthe195drug

sentenceswithan“and

aday”sentencewithout

post-releaseproba<on,

morethantwo-thirds

weremandatory

sentences.

StatePrison“AndaDay”SentencesasaPercentofTotal,2013

N=155


Confidenceinproba<onisevenlydistributedbetween

DistrictandSuperiorCourt,butvariedforparole


*DistrictCourtresponsesincludeBostonMunicipaljudges.CSGJus<ceCenterelectronicsurveyofMassachusePsjudges,March2016.45BostonMunicipalandDistrictCourtjudgesand30superiorcourtjudgespar<cipatedinthesurvey.

18%

10%

76%

77%

13%

13%

DistrictCourt*

SuperiorCourt

JudicialConfidenceinProba<on

Howconfidentareyouthatproba(on

iseffec(veinprotec(ng

communitysafety?

4%

3%

29%

63%

13%

17%

53%

17%

DistrictCourt*

SuperiorCourt

JudicialConfidenceinParole

Howconfidentareyouthatparoleis

effec(veinprotec(ng

communitysafety?

VeryConfident SomewhatConfident NotVeryConfident

Idonothaveadequateinforma<ontoanswerthisques<on

VeryConfident SomewhatConfident NotVeryConfident

Addi<onalanalysisonpost-releasesupervision


Whoislikelytoreceivepost-releasesupervision?

Whatkindofoffenses/offendersojendonotreceivepost-

releasesupervision?

Whoisbeingreleasedwithoutpost-releasesupervisionat

bothHOCandstateprisonfacili<es?

Whatotherobstaclestoreleaseonparoleexistbeyond

sentencing?

HowdoessentencingimpactHOCandstateprison

classifica<onandaccesstoprogramming,treatment,and

reentryplanning?

Whataretherecidivismratesforpeoplewhodoreceive

post-releasesupervision?Forthosewhodonot?

ü ü 

Presenta<onOverview


SystemOverview

Execu(veSummary



KEYFINDING:Peoplewithpreviousjus<cesysteminvolvementare

responsibleforthree-quartersofnewconvic<ons


Recidivismdrivesmostnewconvic<onac<vity:74percentofpeoplesentencedhadapriorconvic<onand66percenthadahistoryofatleastoneCon<nuanceWithoutaFinding(CWOF).

Morethan40percentofpeoplesentencedtoanHOChadapriorHOCsentencewithinthepreviousthreeyears.

Peopleconvictedofpropertyoffenseshadthehighestnumberofprior

offenses.

KEYFINDING:Motorvehicleandpropertyoffensesaccount

foralargevolumeofshortsentencestoHOC


NearlyhalfofallsentencestoHOC(6,394convic<ons)wereformotor

vehicleandpropertyoffenses.

54percentofmotorvehicleandpropertyHOCconvic<ons(3,464

convic<ons)werefor6monthsorless.Peoplereceivedanaveragesentenceof7.3monthsforpropertyand4.4monthsformotorvehicle

offenses.

39percentofallmisdemeanorsentencestoHOCwereformotorvehicle

andpropertyoffenses,including271convic<onsforLarcenyunder$250.819motorvehiclesentencestoHOCwereforOpera(ngwithaSuspendedLicense.

Thestatespentupto$15million*onincarcera<onformisdemeanor

motorvehicleandpropertyoffenses.


KEYFINDING:Sentencingprac<cesimpactwhetherpeople



Nearlyhalfofsentencestostateprisonincludedasentenceofpost-releaseproba<on.

19percentofstateprisonsentencespreventanypost-releasesupervision,solelybasedonthesentence;drugsentencesweremost

likelytorestrictpost-releasesupervision.

Thelikelihoodofreceivingapost-releaseproba<onsentencedecreased

ascriminalhistoryscoreincreased.

Two-thirdsofHOCsentenceswerestraightsentencesthatdidnotincludepost-releaseproba<on,and40percentofpeoplewhoreceivedstraightsentenceswillnotbeeligibleforparoleduetosentencelength.

Jus<cereinvestment<meline


WorkingGroup(WG)

Mee(ng1

ImpactAnalysis

DataAnalysis

Ini<al

AnalysisDetailedDataAnalysis

WG

Mee<ng

2BillIntroduc(on

FinalReportReleased

PolicymakerandStakeholderEngagement

StakeholderEngagementandPolicymakerBriefings PolicyOp<onDevelopmentOngoing

engagement

WG

Mee<ng5:

Ini<alPolicy

Op<on

Discussion

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Oct–Dec 2017Session

WG

Mee<ng

3

Steeringcommi;eetomeet1–2weeksinadvanceofeachworkinggroupmee7ng

WG

Mee<ng

4

WGMee<ng

6:

FinalPolicy

Op<ons

Discussion

Sept


ThankYouCassondraWarney,[email protected]

ThismaterialwaspreparedfortheStateofMassachusePs.Thepresenta<onwas

developedbymembersoftheCouncilofStateGovernmentsJus<ceCenterstaff.

Becausepresenta<onsarenotsubjecttothesamerigorousreviewprocessas

otherprintedmaterials,thestatementsmadereflecttheviewsoftheauthors,and

shouldnotbeconsideredtheofficialposi<onoftheJus<ceCenter,themembers

oftheCouncilofStateGovernments,orthefundingagencysuppor<ngthework.

C SG J U S T I C E C EN T E R . O RG / SUB S C R I B E

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