CSD Annual Report Chapter · Lai Chi Kok Reception Centre ... the Lai Sun Correctional Institution...

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The Control Room of Stanley Prison, which is the largest prison in Hong Kong andaccommodated about 1 800 inmates in end-2000

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Chapter 1

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Operations

and

Institutional

Management

C o r r e c t i o n a l S e r v i c e s D e p a r t m e n t

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The Correctional Services Department (CSD)operates in accordance with the provisions of thePrisons Ordinance (Cap. 234), Training CentresOrdinance (Cap. 280), Drug Addiction TreatmentCentres Ordinance (Cap. 244) and the DetentionCentres Ordinance (Cap. 239). It is responsible forthe safe and humane custody of persons committedby the courts to prison, and the detention of personscommitted for criminal proceedings and thosecommitted to the Correctional Services DepartmentPsychiatric Centre as ordered by the courts under theMental Health Ordinance (Cap. 136). In addition tothese responsibilities provided by law, the Departmentadministers a wide range of services in its institutionsaimed at the rehabilitation of prisoners and inmates.

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In the year 2000, penal population remainedhigh and averaged 8% over the cer t i f iedaccommodation. Notwithstanding continuingovercrowding in penal institutions and tight manpowerresources, all programmes of the Department wereefficiently and effectively implemented.

At present, the Department manages 24 penalinstitutions consisting of 14 prisons, two trainingcentres, two drug addiction treatment centres, onedetention centre, one psychiatric centre and fourinstitutions with multiple roles. A distribution of thepopulation in these institutions, as at 31 December2000, is at Appendix III.

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During the course of the year, there were threesuccessful escapes involving three persons, oneabscond case, three suicide cases and 50 cases ofserious fights or prisoner unrest, against four foiledattempts to escape, 15 unsuccessful suicide bids and7 219 cases of disciplinary action against waywardprisoners. After each and every incident, a promptand thorough investigation was conducted withcorresponding remedial measures taken.

Apart from one major incident at the Hei LingChau Addiction Treatment Centre in June, the relativeorder and discipline in our penal institutions reflectedthe effectiveness of our efforts despite the pressuresand tensions associated with the degree ofovercrowding being experienced.

On the evening of 4 June 2000, a trivial disputeamong inmates of the Hei Ling Chau AddictionTreatment Centre escalated into a major disturbancewithin a short span of time. At the peak of thecommotion, some 400 inmates were involved. Staffwere attacked, premises ransacked and set alight. Jointaction by the Correctional Services Department’sEmergency Support Group and the Police Tactical Unitcommenced shortly after midnight when negotiationswith the rioters failed. Order over the island wasrestored at 0110 hours, seven hours after the onset ofthe disturbance.

During the incident, 33 inmates, including 13Vietnamese inmates, 24 CSD officers and eight Policeofficers sustained injuries. Following examination andnecessary medical treatment given on the spot, 13Vietnamese inmates, nine local inmates, four CSD

officers and eight Police officers weretransferred to outside public hospitalsfor further treatment. All weredischarged by 17 July 2000.

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The Commissioner, Mr Ng Ching-kwok(centre), and Correctional ServicesOfficers' Association Junior SectionChairman, Mr Wong Wai-hung, visitOfficer Wong Kin-cheung, who wasinjured and admitted to hospital duringthe Hei Ling Chau Addiction TreatmentCentre disturbance on June 4


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A number of major office facilities, dormitories,workshops and stores of the centre were seriouslyvandalised and damaged. The cost of re-instating thesefacilities and the replacement of broken equipment isestimated to be around $12 million, inclusive of $7.3million of builders’ work, $3 million of electrical workand $1.4 million of office equipment, fixtures andfurniture.

The incident resulted in 54 inmates chargedwith a variety of offences ranging from rioting, arsonto serious assaults and criminal damage. The majorityare awaiting trial with a small number having pleadedguilty and sentenced. Recommendations by the Boardof Enquiry are now being followed through and good

progress has been made.

Adult Male Prisoners

In 2000, 10 484 adult males were sentenced toimprisonment and 5 533 remanded in custody.

Male adults aged 21 and above on beingsentenced to imprisonment, are first sent to the LaiChi Kok Reception Centre to undergo an assessmentby a Classification Board to decide upon their securityrating for assignment to an appropriate institution. TheBoard gives due consideration to all factors includingthe prisoners’ background, the nature of their offence,the terms and length of their sentences, the risk theypose to the community and whether or not they arefirst offenders. Recidivists are separated from firstoffenders, female from male, and adult from younginmates.

The following institutions accommodate adultmale prisoners:

Maximum Security■ Lai Chi Kok Reception Centre

■ Shek Pik Prison

■ Stanley Prison

■ Siu Lam Psychiatric Centre

Medium Security■ Hei Ling Chau Correctional Institution

■ Ma Po Ping Prison

■ Tong Fuk Centre

■ Victoria Prison

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■ Pak Sha Wan Correctional Institution

Minimum Security

■ Tung Tau Correctional Institution

■ Pik Uk Prison

■ Ma Hang Prison

■ Tai Lam Correctional Institution

■ Lo Wu Correctional Institution

The Lai Chi Kok Reception Centre providesaccommodation mainly for male remands andprisoners awaiting court hearings or classification.Male civil debtors admitted into custody are also heldthere. Prisoners serving long sentences, including lifeimprisonment, are accommodated in the StanleyPrison and the Shek Pik Prison. The criminally insaneand those in need of psychiatric treatment are detainedin the Siu Lam Psychiatric Centre. The Victoria Prisonserves both as a prison and a detention centre forvarious categories of inmates, including Mainlandillegal immigrants awaiting repatriation, personsarrested for immigration related offences awaiting

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deportation, other nationals convicted of crimes whohave served their sentences and are awaitingdeportation, and Vietnamese migrants awaiting


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repatriation. Elderly prisoners are housed in a specialsection at the Ma Hang Prison.

Adult Female PrisonersIn 2000, 4 154 female adults were sentenced

to imprisonment and 1 316 remanded in custody.

The Tai Lam Centre for Women providesaccommodation for female adults. It also holds aremand section and a small unit for prisoners servinglonger than 12 years’ imprisonment who present a highsecurity risk. The majority of the prisoners aredeployed to work in laundry and other light industrialtasks such as tailoring, garment making and domesticservices or gardening.

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Young Female PrisonersIn 2000, a total of 610 young women under the

age of 21 were sentenced to imprisonment and 302remanded in custody.

The Tai Tam Gap Correctional Institutionaccommodates young female prisoners and remands.It also serves as a reception centre for female inmatesawaiting pre-sentence assessment.

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The Chi Ma Wan Correctional Institution, amedium security institution, provides accommodationfor adult female prisoners of a lower security risk.

Young Male PrisonersIn 2000, 498 young men under the age of 21

were sentenced to imprisonment and 636 wereremanded in custody.

Accommodation is provided for these prisonersat the Pik Uk Correctional Institution in Sai Kung,the Lai Sun Correctional Institution on Hei Ling Chau,and a section of the Sha Tsui Detention Centre onLantau Island. In accordance with the United NationsConvention on the Prevention of Child Abuse, youngprisoners aged 14 to 17 are, as far as practicable,accommodated separately from their counterparts aged18 to 21 at night locations.


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General Treatment in PrisonsOn admission, all convicted prisoners attend a

Classification and Categorisation Board whichdetermines the type of institution to which they willbe assigned, and undergo a thorough medicalexamination including an X-ray. They then participatein a short induction course and receive instruction onroutines, rules and regulations, rights, privileges andwelfare assistance.

Prisoners certified fit by the Medical Officerare required to work. For those detained in eithermaximum or medium security prisons, they areengaged in a wide range of industrial activities insideworkshops, including carpentry, metalwork,fibreglass, garment making and government-runlaundries. Prisoners in minimum security prisons areemployed either in indoor workshops or outdoorcommunity projects. Those requiring psychiatrictreatment or other special care are separatelyaccommodated. They are assigned light industrialtasks and gardening work.

Young prisoners undergo a comprehensivecorrectional programme during their sentence. Thisincludes vocational training in different trades,educational classes of different levels, counselling,


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group activities, recreation and physical education.Education for adult offenders is entirely voluntary.

The Prisoners’ Education Trust Fund, whichcame into operation on 1 December 1995 with aninitial donation of $1.31 million from outsideorganisations, continued to provide financialassistance to needy prisoners on worthy educationalpursuits.

Prisoners may see the Superintendent and othersenior officers on request during their regular prisoninspections. They can also see visiting Justices of thePeace if they wish to make a request or complaint.Notices in Chinese, English and Vietnamese areprominently displayed at the institutions advisingprisoners of these rights. Rights and privileges areexplained to all prisoners verbally and through aninformation booklet issued to each and everyone onadmission. Eligible prisoners are also informed ofthe provisions of the Prisoners (Release UnderSupervision) Ordinance (Cap. 325).

The Post-Release Supervision of PrisonersOrdinance (Cap. 475), which came into operation on


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30 November 1996, aims to render supervision andassistance to eligible adult prisoners on discharge andre-integration into the society.

The Long-term Prison Sentences ReviewOrdinance (Cap. 524) was enacted in June 1997. Itprovides for the establishment of a statutory Long-term Prison Sentences Review Board with enhancedprocedures for the review of long-term prisonsentences, in place of the former non-statutory reviewboard.

The Transfer of Sentenced Persons Ordinance(Cap. 513) came into operation in June 1997. Itprovides the legislative framework for implementingarrangements for the transfer of prisoners withoverseas jurisdictions after Hong Kong reverted toChinese sovereignty.

Training and Detention Centre ReferralsYoung persons aged under 21 convicted of

offences punishable by imprisonment may beremanded in custody for a period not exceeding threeweeks, pending a report on their suitability foradmission to a training centre or detention centre. For

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the latter, young adults aged between21 and 24 may also be remanded forthe same purpose. A Selection Boardwill make assessments on each casewhich comes before it by drawing onenquiries conducted by professionalpre-sentence assessment officers intothe family background, education,employment, peer association, triadaffiliation and criminal involvement aswell as reports on the mental andphysical conditions of the offender. Acomprehensive report, together withappropriate recommendations, will thenbe forwarded to the courts concerned.

In 2000, a total of 1 886offenders were remanded for suitabilityreports, of which 1 577 cases werefound suitable for admission to trainingor detention centres by the SelectionBoard. The distribution of the eventualcourt sentences is shown in the tableon the left.

�� Sentence Male Female

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During the year, 64% of the male offenders and92% of the female offenders who were dischargedfrom training centres completed the three-yearaftercare supervision without reconviction.

Training centres provide correctional trainingfor young offenders sentenced under the TrainingCentres Ordinance (Cap. 280). The period of trainingis indeterminate, ranging from a minimum of sixmonths to a maximum of three years. It depends onthe offender’s response to training, motivation to leada law-abiding life upon release and progress in thethree different grades from beginner, intermediate toadvanced grade. A Board of Review assesses theprogress of each inmate at least once a month. Eachinmate attends the Board, where information onstrengths and weaknesses is given. The Board mayapprove promotions of grades and releases.

All inmates undergo half-day educational andhalf-day vocational training. The inmates are assignedto classes in accordance with their previous


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In 2000, 234 boys and 18 girls were admittedto detention in training centres. In addition, 114 boysand 14 girls were recalled for further training forbreach of supervision conditions.

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educational attainment and aretaught by qualified teachers.Classes range from primary tosecondary levels. Vocationaltraining is designed to developgood work habits and skills, whichwould help the inmates obtainemployment after release. Forthose who wish to continue theirvocational training after release,the Department would help seekplacements with the ConstructionIndustry Training Authority andthe Vocational Training Council.

Recreational and physicalactivities are held in the evening and on Sundays andpublic holidays. Regular outdoor activities such asball games and athletics are conducted by qualifiedinstructors. Indoor activities include hobby classes,music, Putonghua, art design, drawing, painting, chessand reading.

To provide additional educational and trainingopportunities for inmates of the advanced grade andto assist their future re-integration into the community,visits to youth centres, large factories, sports centresand country parks are frequently arranged on Sundaysand public holidays.

To build up inmates’ character and betterdevelop their personality, scouting and guidingactivities are incorporated as part of the curriculum.During the year, the 221st Scout Group of Hong KongIsland at the Cape Collinson Correctional Institutionand the Lai King Training Centre performed 44community service projects, whilst the 141st IslandRanger Guide Service Unit at the Tai Tam GapCorrectional Institution completed seven suchprojects.

The Hong Kong Award for Young People,operated through the Department, provides anotheravenue for inmates’ character development. At theend of the year, 182 inmates were participating in thescheme and spending their leisure time on activitiessuch as community service, expeditions, skill-learningand physical recreation. In an effort to help inmatesdevelop self-confidence, a greater sense ofresponsibility and good team spirit, five Outward


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B o u n d c o u r s e s w e r eorganised for 40 male andnine female inmates in 2000.

The Cape CollinsonMarching Band gave 25publ ic performances a tvarious community functions.The Tai Tam Girls Pipers andMarching Team also gave 40public performances duringthe year. The Jazz Band in theCape Collinson CorrectionalInstitution and the PercussionBand in the Tai Tam GapCorrectional Institution gavee i g h t a n d o n e p u b l i c

performances respectively in 2000, which were allwell received.

The Scout Lion Dance Team of the Lai KingTraining Centre was formed in late 1986 followingthe introduction of scouting activities to the trainingcentres as part of the character developmentprogramme. The programme has since been extendedto include a Dragon Dance Team. During the year,the Lion Dance and Dragon Dance teams gave 22public performances.

Apart from normal visits, inmates’ parentsand relatives are invited to observe the institutional

activities. They are also encouraged toparticipate in group discussions between thestaff and other relatives with a view to assistingthe rehabilitation of young inmates. TheCommissioner may also grant up to five days’leave of absence to training centre inmates toenable them to participate in rehabilitativeprogrammes and activities organised outsidethe centre with a view to assisting them to re-integrate into the community and preparingthem for release. In 2000, a total of 2 157leave passes were approved and all inmatesreturned as required.

Detention CentreDetention centre training is designed to

instil into the young male detainees a healthy respectfor the law, to create self-respect and an awareness ofneglected capabilities in legitimate pursuits as well as


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an ability to live with other people in harmony. Thisprogramme is administered at the Sha Tsui DetentionCentre. This minimum security institution on LantauIsland has two sections for inmates undergoing thedetention centre programme: one for young offendersaged between 14 and 20 and the other for young adultsaged between 21 and 24.

Young offenders are detained for a minimumof one month to a maximum of six months, and youngadults for a minimum of three months to a maximumof 12 months. During the year, the average length ofdetention for young offenders was four months and23 days whilst that for young adults was seven monthsand seven days.

A progressive system similar to that operatesin training centres is adopted. A Board of Reviewassesses the progress, attitude, effort and response ofeach detainee at least once a month and determinestheir release. A detainee must secure suitableemployment or a place in a school before release. Incases of difficulty, the Department will provideassistance.

During 2000, 201 young offenders completedthe statutory supervision period and 195 were notreconvicted during the period, a success rate of 97%.Of the 41 young adults who completed the 12-monthstatutory supervision period, all were not reconvictedduring the period, a success rate of 100%.

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Drug Addiction Treatment CentresThe Drug Addiction Treatment Centres

Ordinance (Cap. 244) provides the courts with theoption to sentence a drug addict found guilty of anoffence punishable by imprisonment to detention in adrug addiction treatment centre.

The Hei Ling Chau Addiction Treatment Centreprovides accommodation for 964 male drug addicts.Female drug addicts are accommodated at the Chi MaWan Drug Addiction Treatment Centre. Adult andyoung inmates are separately accommodated in bothmale and female centres.

The aims of the compulsory drug treatmentprogramme are -

■ detoxification and restoration of physical

health;

■ up-rooting of psychological and emotional

dependence on drugs; and

■ preparation for the inmates’ re-integration

into society.

The period of treatment ranges from a minimumof two to a maximum of 12 months. The actual lengthof treatment is determined by the inmate’s health andprogress and the likelihood of being able to remainfree from drug addiction after release.


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The work programme in a treatment centre aimsat improving the inmate’s health, developing goodwork habits and establishing self-confidence and asense of responsibility. Inmates are assigned workcommensurate with their capabilities, skills andfitness. Those who are medically unfit for a full workprogramme will attend special occupational therapyclasses instead.

Male inmates are engaged in carpentry,metalwork, tailoring, laundry service, as well asoutdoor work such as gardening, construction andmaintenance projects. Female inmates are employedin gardening, tailoring, laundry service and variousdomestic services.

Inmates are assisted to gain better insight intotheir drug addiction problems through individual andgroup counselling sessions. A specially designedRelapse Prevention Programme is also available toprepare inmates psychologically prior to their release.

Inmates released from addiction treatmentcentres are subject to 12 months’ supervision. Thisaims to assist the released inmates to re-integrate intothe community. During the supervision period, thesupervisee can be recalled for a further period ofdetention if any of the supervision conditions arebreached. Recalled inmates are placed under aprogramme specially designed for them. They aregiven counselling concentrating on the factors leadingto their recall and strengthening their motivationtowards drug abstinence. They may be detained untilthe expiry of 12 months from the date of the detentionorder or four months from the date of arrest under therecall order, whichever is the later.

In 2000, a total of 3 047 persons were admittedon remand for assessment on their suitability forplacement in a treatment centre. The actual numberof admissions for treatment was 1 414, which included1 227 males and 187 females. As shown in AppendixVI, the number of admissions for treatment has beenon a downward trend since 1997 after reaching a peakin 1996. The admission trend will continue to beclosely monitored by the Department.

Vietnamese Illegal ImmigrantsWith the closure of the High Island Detention

Centre in 1998, all Vietnamese detainees are detained

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in the Victoria Prison pending repatriation.Meanwhile, the Green Island ReceptionCentre continued to function as a receptioncentre for new arrivals. In 2000, a total of332 Vietnamese illegal immigrants (VIIs)were received, compared with 683 in 1999.During the same period, a total of 567detainees returned to Vietnam under theOrderly Repatriation Programme. Thesecontributed to an 89% drop in the totalpopulation of Vietnamese detainees from 147to 16 in the year.

Medical and Health Services

T h e D e p a r t m e n t p r o v i d e scomprehensive medical and health services for theinmates as well as the staff and their families. Allinstitutions have either hospitals or sick bays servedby medical officers seconded from the Department ofHealth, well supported by qualified departmentalnursing personnel.

Psychiatrists from the Hospital Authorityregularly visit the Siu Lam Psychiatric Centre toprovide consultations to patients and preparepsychiatric reports on individuals as required.

Comprehensive dental treatment, including theprovision of dentures, simple fillings and extractions,is available to the inmates if required.

Ante-natal and post-natal care is provided ininstitutions for women. Babies are normally deliveredin public hospitals.

Facilities and qualified personnel are availablefor medical emergencies. All persons in custody withmedical complaints requiring in-patient care areusually hospitalised within the institutions. An inmatesuffering from drug withdrawal symptoms may betreated as an in-patient or an out-patient dependingon the severity of the symptoms. Cases requiringintensive medical care or surgical operations aretransferred to public hospitals.

For security reasons, prisoners requiringtreatment in a hospital are located in the custodialwards in the Queen Mary Hospital and the QueenElizabeth Hospital unless their medical conditionsrequire alternative arrangements.


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Special arrangements aremade to ass is t handicappedprisoners to adapt to the institutionalenvironment. Particular attention isgiven to those who are blind, deaf,mute, amputees and those who aresuffering from paralysis or otherserious disabilities. The medicalofficer, nursing staff, clinicalpsychologist, welfare officer andother staff assist in meeting thespecial needs of these prisonersduring their imprisonment, and inpreparing them for discharge.

In line with the Government’santi-smoking policy, publicity and

counselling on the hazards of smoking continue to beemphasised in the institutions.

The Department is attentive to the special needsof prisoners who have been reported or tested HIVpositive. Continuous education is given to both staffand inmates on AIDS and its prevention. Particularattention is given to drug addicts who, beforeincarceration, are likely to have shared needles intaking drugs intravenously.

Medical officers and senior hospital stafffrequently inspect institutions to ensure that a highstandard of hygiene and cleanliness is alwaysmaintained.

Diets for prisoners follow the approved scalesprepared by dietitians which ensure sufficient caloriesand nutritional value. Adjustments would also bemade to take care of the special needs of particularprisoners on medical grounds or for religious reasons.

The general health of prisoners has beensatisfactory throughout the year with no epidemicreported.

Statistical SummariesStatistical summaries of the population in

institutions, admission by category of remands/prisoners and inmates, admission by sex and type ofoffence, admission by sex, type of correctionalprogramme and age group upon conviction, and averagedaily population by type of person under custody andsex are given at Appendices III-VII.

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CSD Annual Report Chapter · Lai Chi Kok Reception Centre ... the Lai Sun Correctional Institution...

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