CSC 2260 Operating Systems and Networks

CSC 2260Operating Systems and Networks

Chapter 4Fall 2008

Dr. Chuck Lillie

Windows 2000 Professional

Windows 2000 Professional Overview

Installing and Configuring Windows 2000 Professional

Customizing and Managing Windows 2000 Professional

Troubleshooting Common Windows 2000 Professional Problems

Chapter

4

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Learning Objectives

Describe Windows 2000 Professional benefits, features, and weaknesses

Install and configure Windows 2000 Professional

Customize and manage Windows 2000 Professional

Perform proactive maintenance tasksTroubleshoot common Windows 2000

Professional problems

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Different VersionsWindows 2000 Professional Windows 2000 ServerWindows 2000 Advanced ServerWindows 2000 Datacenter Server

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Benefits and Features DesktopSecurityStabilityHardware CompatibilitySoftware compatibilityFile systems

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Benefits and FeaturesDesktop

Subtle changes from previous WindowsQuick Launch toolbar on taskbarShow Desktop buttonFamiliar desktop icons (My Documents, etc.)

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Benefits and FeaturesSecurity

Better security compared to Windows 9xLogin essential using a security accountAccess to local resources can be restricted

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Benefits and Features (continued)Security

Group policiesGrouping of policies for controlling security and

configuration settingsUsed to centrally manage security

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Benefits and Features (continued)Security (continued)

More Secure Authentication Validation of a user account and its password Uses Kerberos protocol for log on to an Active

Directory domain

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Active Directory domain Some or all of the network servers maintaining a

replica of the directory service database are running Windows 2000 Server or newer OS

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File encryption A new feature of NTFS Folders and files are encrypted to secure data Data can be accessed by the user who encrypted it, or

by a recovery agent

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Benefits and Features (continued)Stability

32-bit architecture inherited from NTEach application runs in its own protected

memory space

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Benefits and Features (continued)Hardware Compatibility

A long list of compatible hardwareSupport for plug-and-play

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Benefits and Features (continued)Software Compatibility

16-Bit and 32-Bit DOS and Windows Apps Run in Win32 subsystem

Non-Windows Apps Run in special subsystems

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Benefits and Features (continued) Windows 2000 File Systems

CDFS, UDF, FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, and NTFS5NTFS5 new features include encryption and

indexing

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Benefits and Features (continued) Disk Storage Improvements

Basic Disks—same as previous OSs (new name)

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Benefits and Features (continued) Disk Storage Improvements (continued)

Dynamic Disks—new way to allocate space No limit to number of volumes Volume can include available space on any hard disk Configuration information is on disk

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Dynamic Disk Volume Types Simple – Windows 2000 Professional and Server Striped – Windows 2000 Professional and Server Spanned – Windows 2000 Professional and Server

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Dynamic Disks Volume Types (continued) Mirrored – Windows 2000 Server products only Raid-5 – Windows 2000 Server products only

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Drive Paths and Mounted Volumes If you do not have floppy drives, you may assign

the letters A and B to hard disk volumesDrive paths and mounted volumes allow you to

avoid drive letters (on both basic and dynamic disks)

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Weaknesses of Windows 2000 Professional

Support for Old DOS and Windows AppsSome applications just won't run Some applications will run more slowly

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Weaknesses of Windows 2000 Professional Need to Reboot After Modifying the OS

Fewer types of events require reboot No longer required for TCP/IP reconfigure

Plenty still exist Including after adding a service pack

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When Is Windows 2000 Pro Needed? Some programs require an NT family OSWhen reliability is requiredWhen more security is requiredWhen control of local resources is requiredFor desktop members of an Active Directory

domain

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Installing and ConfiguringWindows 2000 Professional

Hardware and SoftwareMinimum hardware requirements

133 MHz Pentium or higher 64 MB of RAM 2 GB hard disk with 650 MB of free space VGA or higher video adapter and monitor Keyboard, mouse, and a CD-ROM drive

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Hardware and Software (continued) Ideal hardware requirements

Intel Pentium 4 processor (or newer) 256 MB of RAM 30 GB of free hard disk space Fast CD-ROM drive and DVD drive SVGA or higher resolution video adapter Microsoft mouse

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Installing and ConfiguringWindows 2000 Professional

Hardware and Software (continued)Check H/W and S/W Compatibility

HCL.txt file in the Support folder of the CDFor more current products

Manufacturer sites www.microsoft.com/windows2000/professional/

howtobuy/upgrading/compat/

Readiness Analyzer to check out compatibility

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Hardware and Software (continued) Installation program performs compatibility

test before beginning Use Readiness Analyzer compatibility test

Winnt32 /checkupgradeonly

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Step-by-Step 4.01

Run the Hardware and Software Compatibility Test

Page 160

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Pick a File System If dual-booting, boot drive must be

compatible with both OSsAny drive needed by Windows 9x must use

FATAny logical drive needed by older OS must

be in first primary or extended partition

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Determine Service Packs and UpdatesApply immediately after installation

Use Windows Update to connect to windowsupdate.microsoft.com

At school or work ask IT staff first

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Determine the Method of InstallationManual Installation

One computer or a small numberRequires user’s attention and inputLocation of source files: local or networkA clean installation begins by booting from the

CD or from the setup disks

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Determine the Method of Installation (cont.)Manual installation (continued)

If necessary create setup boot disksCreate by using the Makeboot or Makebt32

program


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Determine the Method of Installation (cont.)Automated installation

Uses scripts or imagesScripts the WINNT or WINN32 programsAn image is a copy of the entire hard disk

containing the operating system and all other applications


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Gather the Materials Needed for InstallationMaterials depend on decisionsCD or locations of source files

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Step-by-Step 4.02

Installing Windows 2000 Professional

Page 164

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Verify Network Access If computer is on a network, verify that it can

communicate with other computersSimple test: Open My Network Places

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Verify Updates and Service Packs Do not browse to other Web sitesOnly connect to Windows Update site

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Step-by-Step 4.03

Installing Updates and Service Packs

Page 169

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Further Secure Windows 2000 Professional Install an antivirus program and other

software to protect the computerLearn more about threats and remedies in

Chapter 7

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Creating a New Hard Disk PartitionWindows 2000 Partitioning Basics

Identical for a basic disk type as they were for partitions in Windows NT

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Creating a New Hard Disk Partition (cont.) Windows 2000 Disk Management

In the Computer Management console Each physical disk is numbered from 0 Each optical drive is numbered from 0 Each partition or unallocated space is labeled in

boxes with color-coded bars at top

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Step-by-Step 4.04

Creating a New Partition

Page 173

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Using the Control Panel AppletsApplets for making configuration changesSeveral are new or changed

Accessibility Options

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Customizing Display SettingsSimilar to past versions of WindowsUse the Display applet to

Change backgroundAdd a screen saverCustomize the desktop

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Customizing Display Settings (continued)Display | Settings Advanced ButtonOpens an additional dialog box Monitor tab include refresh rate setting

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Creating and Managing a Local PrinterOnly an administrator can create a printerCreating a printer = installing a device driverRequired for local or network printerPrint driver on local printer prepared the job

with correct commands for printer

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Step-by-Step 4.05

Adding a Printer in Windows 2000

Page 180

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Configuring the Start MenuGeneral Tab of Taskbar and Start Menu

PropertiesControls the display of the taskbarControls the Start Menu Taskbar can be always visible or hidden

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Configuring the Start Menu (continued)Advanced Tab of Taskbar and Start Menu

PropertiesAdd or remove Start Menu itemsConfigure settingsStart Menu settings at bottom of tabExpand will create a menu from folder contents

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Installing and Removing Applications Installing Applications

Distributed on CDs – install may run automatically

Install others using Add/Remove Programs

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Installing and Removing Applications (cont.)Removing Applications

May use application’s uninstall programOr use Add/Remove Programs

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An Approach to TroubleshootingObserve and recordFind a causeResearch solutionApply solutionTest the results

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Where to Find HelpWindows 2000 Professional Help program TechNet site: www.microsoft.com/technetMicrosoft site: www.microsoft.com Use an Internet search engine

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Proactive Maintenance TasksCreating Backups

Back up data filesDo it often and do it rightStart | Programs | Accessories | System Tools |

Backup

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Proactive Maintenance Tasks (continued)Prepare for an Emergency Repair

Advanced task/extreme solutionEmergency Repair utility will backup repair infoERD creation is an option in Windows Backup

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Proactive Maintenance Tasks (continued)Periodic Housekeeping

Keep computer “lean and mean”Too many programs = undesirable changes

Remove unnecessary applications Use Disk Cleanup Defrag

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Common Problems and SolutionsUnable to access computer on network

Check that other PC is turned on, connected, and has shared folder or printer

Restart other PCCheck user access rights to network computer

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Common Problems and Solutions (cont.)Unable to Print

Printer on? Connected? Paper out? Offline? Send test page Check permissions for network printer Print from another application Power printer and/or printer server off and on

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Common Problems and Solutions (cont.)Unable to Locate a File

Start | Search | For Files and Folders Search for Files or Folders Named Containing Text Look In Date and other options

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Common Problems and Solutions (cont.)Cannot Connect to the Internet

Modem (or other device) on? Connected? Router functioning?User name and password correct?Reset cable or DSL modem

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Common Problems and Solutions (cont.)Cannot Install a Hardware Device Driver

Is device on the HCL?Look for and install driver from manufacturer

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Common Problems and Solutions (cont.)Cannot Play Multimedia Files

Are speakers connected and powered up?Check the Windows 2000 Pro volume control If upgraded from Windows 9x, check drivers

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Chapter Summary

Windows 2000 Professional Overview Windows 2000 Professional provides benefits

through enhanced features in the areas of desktop, security, stability, compatibility, and file systems.

Windows 2000 Professional weaknesses are in support for old DOS and Windows applications and in the fact that reboots are still required after some changes to the OS, although reboots are required for fewer reasons than in previous OSs.

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Chapter Summary

Windows 2000 Professional OverviewThe file systems Windows 2000 supports

are FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, and NTFS5, although we usually refer to any of the FAT file systems as FAT, and the versions of NTFS as simply NTFS, unless making explicit statements or comparisons.

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Chapter Summary

Windows 2000 Professional OverviewWindows 2000 Professional is preferred

over Windows 9x when stability, reliability, and security are required, when a software publisher lists this OS as a requirement for installing an application, and when remote administration of a computer is required.

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Chapter Summary


Before installing Windows 2000, be sure that the hardware you plan to use will be adequate for the work you hope to accomplish on that computer.

Determine hardware and software compatibility. Read the manual, check out www.microsoft.com/whdc/hcl/search.mspx, or contact the manufacturer. Run the Readiness Analyzer.

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Chapter Summary


Install Windows as an upgrade on a computer with an earlier version of Windows, or install a clean installation, beginning with an empty hard drive.

Whether you are performing an upgrade or a clean installation, you can choose to do it manually, which requires your attention and interaction, or automatically, which requires the least amount of hand-holding. The automatic methods involve more work, technical under-standing, and even financial investment.

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Chapter Summary


The four setup boot disks are required to install from the local CD-ROM drive when the computer will not boot from the CD. Use the Makeboot program to generate these disks.

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Chapter Summary


Install service packs and updates immediately after installing an OS, and then periodically check for updates. Windows Update on Startup, makes this process easy, if there is an Internet connection.

Check network connectivity after installing Windows 2000 on a computer connected to a network.

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Chapter Summary


If unpartitioned disk space is available, use the Disk Management console to create a new partition and format a logical drive.

After installing Windows 2000, you will need to customize and manage Windows 2000. The Control Panel applets are your main tools for doing this

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Chapter Summary


Make a computer use easier for some-one with restricted vision, hearing loss, or mobility difficulties. Use the Accessibility Options applet, and accessibility utilities at Start | Programs | Accessories | Accessibility.

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Chapter Summary


The Display applet lets you modify the desktop background, enable or disable a screen saver, and further customize the desktop. The Settings tab allows you to configure certain video adapter and monitor settings.

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Chapter Summary


Add a printer using the Add Printer wizard. You can further manage a printer in the properties for an installed printer. This includes assigning permissions to control access to the printer.

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Chapter Summary


Use Taskbar And Start Menu Properties dialog box to control the display of the taskbar and Start menu. The new Personalized Menus option is enabled by default. Disable it from the Advanced tab.

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Chapter Summary


Install new applications and remove unwanted programs using either a custom installation program that comes with most programs, or the Add/Remove Programs applet.

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Chapter Summary

Troubleshooting Windows 2000 Professional

When a problem occurs, observe and record all symptoms and error messages; then research the cause and solution using Windows 2000 Help, the Internet, or other sources. Once you have found a solution, apply it and test the results.

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Chapter Summary

Troubleshooting Windows 2000 Professional Proactive maintenance tasks include backing

up data, disk defragmenting, periodic housekeeping of the files and folders, and installing and configuring an antivirus program.

Be prepared for an emergency repair by creating a repair diskette using the Emergency Repair Diskette option from the Windows Backup Program.

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Chapter Summary


When unable to access another computer on a network, troubleshoot both computers looking for connectivity, sharing, or permissions problems.

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Chapter Summary


If you are unable to print, begin by verifying that the printer is turned on, has paper, and is in online mode. Print a test page from the properties dialog box for the printer. If it is a network printer, verify that you have permission to print. Try printing from another application. Finally, simply power off and power on the printer.

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Chapter Summary


If you are unable to locate a file use the Windows 2000 Search option, which allows you to search on many parameters including filename, date, text content, size, and type. Additionally, the search option can be optimized for faster searches if the Indexing Service is turned on.

CSC 2260 Operating Systems and Networks

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