CS105 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER CONCEPTS COMPUTER COMPONENTS & ARCHITECTURE Instructor: Cuong...

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CS105 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER CONCEPTS COMPUTER COMPONENTS & ARCHITECTURE Instructor: Cuong (Charlie) Pham

Transcript of CS105 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER CONCEPTS COMPUTER COMPONENTS & ARCHITECTURE Instructor: Cuong...

CS105 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER CONCEPTS

COMPUTER COMPONENTS & ARCHITECTURE

Instructor: Cuong (Charlie) Pham

Outline

History of Computer Hardware What inside your computer? Computer Architecture

'Harvard Mk I' and Colossus -1943

Portion of the Harvard-IBM Mark 1, left side

Right side Input/Output and control

Colossus

First Generation: 'ENIAC' (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) - 1946

Second Generation:The invention of the transistor in 1947

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and power. It is composed of a semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit.

Third Generation:The integrated circuit or microchip - 1958

Jack Kilby holding first integrated circuit

Fourth Generation: Intel chip -1971

The 4004 microprocessor

MITS Altair 8800

Today’s Computer

What to Consider before Buying a New Computer?

Why do you want to buy a computer? Who is going to use the computer? How long are you going to keep this new computer? Do you or will you have a wireless network in your

house? Do you want the new computer to be portable? How much do you want to spend when you buy a

computer? How much do you want to spend when you buy a

computer? Etc.

Know your NEEDS Know your computer

SKILLS Know your financial

LIMITS

Computer Components

Input/Output (Mouse, Keyboard, Display) Processor and Memory Storage Multimedia( Audio, Graphics and Video

Support) Connection and Expansion Battery and Power Communication

Input

Keyboard E.g., Full-size backlit keyboard with 78

(U.S.) or 79 (ISO) keys, including 12 function keys and 4 arrow keys

Mouse/Track-pad E.g., Multi-Touch trackpad for precise cursor

control; supports inertial scrolling, pinch, rotate, swipe, three-finger swipe…

Display

15.4-inch (diagonal) LED-backlit glossy or optional antiglare widescreen display with support for millions of colors

Supported resolutions: 1440 by 900 (native), 1280 by 800, 1152 by 720, 1024 by 640, and 800 by 500 pixels at 16:10 aspect ratio

Sizes in Perspective

What is a hertz?

Processor What is a CPU and what does it do? The Central

Processing Unit (CPU) is the ‘brain’ of the computer, it lets the other components of the computer know what they have to do

Why do I need one? Having a better CPU (measured in GigaHertz) greatly improves the overall speed of your computer. The faster the Processors speed, the more calculations your computer can do in a short space of time.

What is available and what are the benefits of each? Single Core Processors: Have one “core” allowing

them to process sets of instructions as they are transmitted to the CPU.

Dual Core processors: Have 2 “Cores” that allow processing of multiple instructions at the same time.

Quad Core Processors ? E.g., 2.4GHz quad-core Intel Core i7 processor with 6MB

shared L3 cache

Memory - RAM

RAM stands for Random Access Memory and is typically measured in megabytes. It is responsible for the speed at which the computer processes data and actions.

Why do I need one? The more RAM your computer has, the quicker it can access your programs and files.

Types: SDRAM: Synchronous dynamic random access memory DDR: Double Data Rate RAM. It is used in most computers

and is faster than older SDRAM types. DDR2, DDR3: Newer styles of DDR RAM which boasts extra

performance due to the increased speed at which it runs. E.g., 4GB (two 2GB SO-DIMMs) of 1333MHz DDR3

memory; two SO-DIMM slots support up to 8GB

Internal Storage

Hard drive is where all your data are stored. It is the computers long term memory. The size of a hard drive is measured in gigabytes (Gb)

Types: PATA, SATA, SSD

E.g., 750GB 5400-rpm Serial ATA hard drive

External Storage

DVD-RW, DVD+RW; 24x CD-R; 10x CD-RW

Blu-ray Flash Drive External Hard Drive

Statistics

Source: Information explosion: how rapidly expanding storage spurs innovation

Multimedia

Stereo speakers with subwoofers; Omnidirectional microphone (located under left speaker grille); Audio line in minijack (digital/analog); Audio line out/headphone minijack (digital/analog)

AMD Radeon HD 6750M graphics processor with 512MB of GDDR5 memory on 2.2GHz configuration

Connection and Expansion

MagSafe power port Gigabit Ethernet port FireWire 800 port (up to 800 Mbps) Two USB 2.0 ports (up to 480 Mbps) Thunderbolt port (up to 10 Gbps) Audio line in; Audio line out SDXC card slot Kensington lock slot

Battery and Power

Built-in 77.5-watt-hour lithium-polymer battery

Communication

Wi-Fi wireless networking (based on IEEE 802.11n specification); IEEE 802.11a/b/g compatible

Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate)

Wireless technology10/100/1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet (RJ-45 connector)

Software

Microsoft® Windows 7® Professional Microsoft® Office Home and Student 2007 36-Month subscription to McAfee Security

Center Anti-virus

All together

Computer AdsConsider the following ad:

Insatavialion 640 Laptop Exceptional Performance and Portability

• Intel® Core™ 2 Duo (2.66GHz/1066MhzFSB/6MB cache)• 15.6” High Definition (1080p) LEDBacklit LCD Display (1366 x 768)• 512MB ATI Mobility Radeon Graphics• Built-in 2.0MP Web Camera• 4GB Shared Dual Channel DDR2 at800MHz• 500GB SATA Hard Drive at 5400RPM• 8X Slot Load DL DVD+/- RW Drive• 802.11 a/g/n and Bluetooth 3.0

• 85 WHr Lithium Ion Battery• (2) USB 2.0, HDMI, 15-pin VGA, Ethernet10/100/1000, IEEE 1394 Firewire, ExpressCard, Audio line-in, line-out, mic-in• 14.8W X 1.2H X 10.1D, 5.6 lbs• Microsoft0® Windows 7® Professional• Microsoft® Office Home and Student2007• 36-Month subscription to McAfeeSecurity Center Anti-virus

Sizes in Perspective

Intel Processor speed 2.66 GHz

SDRAM size 4GBspeed 800 MHz

500GB SATA at 5400 RPM Transfer rate 300MB per second

Flat screen dot pitch .28mm

To which do these apply?

Bigger is betterFaster is betterSmaller is better

Stored-Program Concept

Figure 5.1 The von Neumann architecture

Memory

Memory A collection of cells,each with a uniquephysical address; bothaddresses andcontents are in binary

Arithmetic/Logic Unit

Performs basic arithmetic operations such as adding

Performs logical operations such as AND, OR, and NOT

Most modern ALUs have a small amount of special storage units called registers

Input/Output Units

Input Unit: A device through which data and programs from the outside world are entered into the computer

Can you name three? Output unit: A device through which results

stored in the computer memory are made available to the outside world

Can you name two?

Control Unit

Control unit The organizing force in the computer

Instruction register (IR) Contains the instruction that is being executed

Program counter (PC) Contains the address of the next instruction to be executed

Central Processing Unit (CPU) ALU and the control unit called the, or CPU

Flow of Information

Bus: A set of wires that connect all major sections

Figure 5.2 Data flow through a von Neumann architecture

The Fetch-Execute Cycle

Fetch the next instruction Decode the instruction Get data if needed Execute the instruction

Why is it called a cycle?

The Fetch-Execute Cycle

Figure 5.3 The Fetch-Execute Cycle