CS 61C: Great Ideas in Computer Architecture Case Studies: Server and Cellphone microprocessors...
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Transcript of CS 61C: Great Ideas in Computer Architecture Case Studies: Server and Cellphone microprocessors...
Fall 2012 -- Lecture #38 1
CS 61C: Great Ideas in Computer Architecture
Case Studies: Server and Cellphone microprocessors
Instructors:Krste Asanovic, Randy H. Katz
http://inst.eecs.Berkeley.edu/~cs61c/fa12
Fall 2012 -- Lecture #38 2
Today: Intel Haswell andsmartphone/tablet processors
• This material is not on final exam!• Intended for you to see modern day computer
architectures.
3
Intel Haswell Core
• Not yet in production, the next core after Ivy Bridge!
• Acknowledgements: Slides include material from Intel and David Kanter at Real World Technologies– Recommend site realworldtech.com for
reading about new microprocessor architectures
7
How to run x86 code fast?• x86 architecture evolved from 16-bit microprocessor designed for
CISC microcoded implementation– 8086 introduced in 1978 (34 years old!)– Only older widely used ISA is IBM 360 architecture family introduced in
1964 (48 years old!)• Typical instruction: Reg = Reg op M[Reg]
– Two-address format– Register-memory operations– Few general-purpose registers (8 initially, 16 in 64-bit extension)
• Many complex instructions with repeat prefixes– String move in one instruction
• Variable-length instructions up to 16 bytes long• Added one instruction/week over lifetime!!
Convert CISC to RISC Dynamically!• Translate complex x86 instructions into RISC-like micro-operations
(µops) during instruction decode– e.g., “R R op Mem” translates into
– load T1, Mem # Load from Mem into temp reg– R R op T1 # Operate using value in temp
• Execute µops using speculative out-of-order superscalar engine with register renaming– Both architectural and temporary registers are renamed from same pool
• Reconstruct whole x86 instructions during commit process to report exceptions precisely
• µop translation introduced in Pentium Pro family architecture (P6 family) in 1995, used in all subsequent x86 out-of-order processors
Fall 2012 -- Lecture #38 19
Administrivia
• Final review session with TAs– Wednesday December 5– 12:00pm-3:00pm– 1 Pimentel
Fall 2012 -- Lecture #38 20
Smartphone Processors
• Many companies and parts but some common features:– ARM ISA for application processors– Lots of dedicated accelerator blocks, especially
image processors for cameras and GPUs for graphics
– Only ~2W max power dissipation!
Fall 2012 -- Lecture #38 21
NVIDIA Tegra 3• Used in Nexus 7 and many other phones,
tablets, and Audi cars…
Fall 2012 -- Lecture #38 28
Summary
• Continual rapid change in architecture– Mobile and server processors include large and
increasing number of processors on single chip– More specialized processors common– New architectural concepts (transactional
memory)• Covered basic ideas behind architectures in
CS61C, but to learn more take CS152