Crystals. A crystal is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in orderly, repeating patterns. ...
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![Page 1: Crystals. A crystal is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in orderly, repeating patterns. Crystalline structure can be seen either on the inside.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b7e7f8b9ab0599ba370/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Crystals
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Crystals A crystal is a solid in which the atoms are
arranged in orderly, repeating patterns. Crystalline structure can be seen either
on the inside or the outside of a mineral. Minerals that form with large amounts of
space are able to arrange themselves in crystal form on the outside.
If a mineral forms with limited space, the crystal structure is seen on the inside. We cannot see this with the naked eye.
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![Page 4: Crystals. A crystal is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in orderly, repeating patterns. Crystalline structure can be seen either on the inside.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b7e7f8b9ab0599ba370/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Crystals from Magma
Magma is hot melted rock. (when it reaches the earth’s surface it’s called lava)
When magma cools it forms crystals
The rate at which the magma cools determines the size of the crystals
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These are all pictures of granite.Why do they all look different?
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Crystal SizeThe elements present in the
magma will determine which minerals form
The slower the magma cools, the larger the individual crystals
The quicker the magma cools, the smaller the individual crystals
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Crystals from SolutionAnother way we can get crystals
is from a solutionRemember, a solution is a mixture
of two or more things that are not chemically combined
Sea water is a solutionWhen the water evaporated,
crystals are left behind.
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Cubic Crystals
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Cubic CrystalsCubic crystals have all 90 degree
angles with all sides of equal length
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Examples of cubic crystals
Galena
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Cubic Crystals
Halite
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Halite
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Hexagonal Crystal
6-sided crystal
Sturmanite
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Hexagonal Crystals Quartz
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Tetragonal CrystalsMuch like the cubic,
except one side is longer than the others, like a rectangle.
Zircon is a good example
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Orthorhombic Think of this
as a brick. It’s like the last one, a rectangle that has been flattened so that its thicknesses are different.
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Orthorhombic has all 90° angles still. The rectangle is flattened either a little or a lot, as seen here in a sample of barite. All 3 (pairs of) sides have different lengths.
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MonoclinicTake the ‘brick,’ orthorhombic,
and slide it askew so that only one angle is left at a 90° angle
Orthoclase is an example of a monoclinic crystal shape
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Monoclinic crystal: Orthoclase
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Triclinic This is an unsymmetrical as a mineral can
get No 90°angles Rhodonite is an example
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More rhodonite
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Rhodonite
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Overview All minerals have crystalline structure; either on the
inside or outside With plenty of room they form on the outside If confined the crystals are in the atomic structure
Crystal size is dependent on how quickly (small crystals) or slowly (large crystals) they form
Crystals can form from magma or from solution There are 6 basic crystal shapes 5 of these are versions of cubes, the 6th is a hexagon All minerals are composed of crystals. Minerals are
“naturally occurring, inorganic solids with definite chemical composition and orderly arrangement of atoms.”
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