CRYOGENIC ROCKET ENGINE

Contents Cryogenics – (word) Origin History Introduction Construction Working Advantages – Disadvantages Applications of Cryogenics Daily Uses India’s achievements Future projects by India Conclusion

Cryogenics - Origin

The word Cryogenic origins from the Greek , meaning “production of freezing cold”.

Branch of physics and Engineering involving study of very low temp. , how to produce and how materials behave at those temperature.

HISTORY

Space travel was developed by the Russians and the Americans. Russian’s were the first to reach space.

During World war II , cryogenics advanced . Metals frozen to low temp. showed more resistance to wear.

1st operational cryogenic engine – used in 1950’s the RL-10(in V2 Rocket).

Liquid propellants are used in current rockets.

Introduction A cryogenic engine is a rocket engine that uses a cryogenic fuel or oxidizer , that is, its fuel or oxidizer are gasses liquefied and stored at very low temperatures.

Rocket engines need high mass flow rate of both oxidizer and fuel to generate a sufficient thrust.

The liquid oxygen (LOX) oxidizer and liquid hydrogen (LH2) fuel combination is one of the most widely used.

RL 10 Cryogenic Engine

RL 10 Cryogenic Engine

Construction The major components of a cryogenic rocket engine 

are:a) Combustion chamberb) Pyrotechnic igniters'c) Fuel injectord) Fuel turbo-pumpse) Gas turbinef) Control valvesg) Regulatorsh) The fuel tanksi) Rocket engine nozzle

Working

It involves a complicated ‘staged combustion cycle' to increase the engine

efficiency.

Hydrogen is partially burnt with a little oxygen in a gas generator. The hot

gases drive a turbo-pump and are then injected at high pressure into the

thrust chamber where the rest of oxygen is introduced and full combustion

takes place.

Before going to the gas generator, the incredibly chilly liquid hydrogen is

used to cool the thrust chamber where temperatures rise to over 3,0000 °

Celsius when the engine is fired.

Advantages

High Energy per unit mass

Clean Fuels

Economical

Disadvantages

Highly reactive gases

Leakage

Zero Gravity Condition

Hydrogen Embrittlement

Applications of Cryogenics

i. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

ii. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

iii. Electric power transmission in big cities

iv. Frozen food

v. Forward looking infrared (FLIR)

vi. Special effects

Daily Uses Door Locks and Keys last

considerably longer since the Cryogenic Treatment enhances the wear properties of the brass tumblers inside the locks.

Lawn tools and Lawn Mower Blades will stay sharp longer and require less effort to re-sharpen. 

Future projects By India The ISRO proposed to launch Chandrayan-II

in 2017.

Development of Semi-cryogenic by LPSC of ISRO in Mahendragiri with the success of GSLV-D5.

India’s Achievement

Successful launch of GSLV-D5 on January 5th 2014.

Reason for previous failure : The GSLV D5 rocket had a leak in its liquid tank .

After toiling 20 years India developed the C.E-20 ,C.E-7.5 Cryogenic engine.

ConclusionCurrently only the

United States (SSME , J2 , RL-10 , RS-68 , RS-83)Russia ( (RD-0120 , RD-0146)China( YF-50t , YF-73 ,YF-75 , YF-77)FranceJapan(LE-7 / 7A , LE-5 / 5A / 5B) and India (CE-7.5 , CE-20) have mastered cryogenic rocket technology .

Finally the world of cryogenics is quite a lot useful and

References :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/solar treehttp://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/solar energyhttp://books.google.co.in/books?

id=wm6uAIiuCc8C&http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

renewablesenergieshttp://library.thinkquest.org/

Thank you for listening patiently.