CRT and the HipHop Nation

7/26/2019 CRT and the HipHop Nation

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!!E12$1/27 5$'. P!-L :'12$ :N0-$,jS+(,$!C:D; ZS !1!/*!J*2 !3 GDD=/hhRICD?D:=9:CD?D:=8R:BhF::_8!c 5IA;Q 5S ;;?? `6?@H; :N I E;PPI; E;R:EHS ICH pHOF DI>_q @? ?=;I_@CP :A;E DG; BO?@R @C I =:;D@R :E EGQDGB@R NI?G@:C8922.;D;E -@DRGR:R_S VA3 M$2!# A""! A")*!"W> 6/"3'" [72+/ U'N DG; =E:HORD :N DG;

QIEH RO>DOE; :N M;?D +@CP?D:C8 8 8 8 4IEH 5W? FE:OPGD GOP; ?=;I_;E? ICH DOECDIF>;? D: DG; ?>OB?S 9G;E; DG;QEI==;H :A;E DG; ?@B=>; FI?? >@C;? :N ?_I ICH E;PPI; F;ID? D: RE;ID; I ?DQ>; OC@UO;>Q WIBI@RIC8q 5')..(,[*0(3,03/0'(1(0$23**$4* ), '$.\&*(0 $,5 -(.-).0&21&'3g ]M@>>@IB 3E@R .;E_@C? ;H8S J""g 8

!gA#IY +22 !*+'0-$,jS +(,$!C:D; ZS ID K" ]pd-;ERm ?DIED;H ?;IERG@CP N:E ?:CP? FQ DG; ?:OCH :N DG;@E FE;I_S

?:CP? DGID G; 9:O>H BI_; @CD: G@? ?@PCIDOE; DOC;? 8 8 8 8q 8!K*8-8 %;ECICH:S WE8SP!-L /" 3 ] _ O] _ S /"1-3 V(`3 -(*1)'4 )% -(. -). Ji]$>IC 2@PGD ;H8J""" 8

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11/80

ZLJLm :8A;A:G6 8G:= ;?=E8D GBM ;?= ?ANO?EN BG;AEB cL"

9I? I NO>REOB8cJ 8!,,2$R+ M2*/)H F; E;R:PC@b;H FQ ICID@:CI> ICH ;A;C @CD;ECID@:CI> IOH@;CR;8 1G@? E;A:>OD@:CIEQ C;9 ?:OCHICH ?DQ>;S H;A;>:=;H FQ =::E F>IR_ ICH 2ID@C: Q:ODG @C DG; J"KL?S GIH F;;CRI=DOE;H :C 9I< ICH R:BB:H@D@b;H 9@DG OCH;C@IF>; R:BB;ER@I> E;?O>D?8cZ

%:>>:9@CP ?ORR;?? @C DG; ?DE;;D ICH =IE_? :N DG; *:ODG `E:C -;ER FQE;R@D@CP DG;@E :9C :E@P@CI> =GEI?;? ICH EGQB@CP :A;E NIB@>@IE E;R:EH?[ >::=?ICH @C?DEOB;CDI> ?;RD@:C?8 p0I>> ICH E;?=:C?;q F;RIB; I DE;CHQ ?DQ>; :N5W@CP 9G;E; I =:=O>IE :E RIDRGQ =GEI?; pEI==;Hq FQ DG; 5W p9:O>H ;A:_;I E;?=:C?; NE:B I RE:9H 9G: F;PIC D: RI>> :OD DG;@E :9C CIB;? ICH?>:PIC?8 $? DG@? =G;C:B;C:C ;A:>A;HS DG; =IEDQ ?G:OD? F;RIB; B:E;;>IF:EID;Sq P@A@CP Q:OCP $NE@RIC $B;E@RIC ICH 2ID@C: Q:ODG I RGICR; D:NE;;>Q ;A;?8ci

-@= G:=S I? IC IED N:EBS N>:OE@?G;H @BB;H@ID;>Q I? @D 9I? IRR;??@F>; D:I>> R:B;E?8 p)C; H@HC[D C;;H I >:D :N B:C;Q :E ;;??:C?S :E ICQDG@CP >@_; DGID8 'I==@CP9I? I A;EFI> ?_@>> DGID R:O>H F; =EIRD@R;H ICH G:C;H D: =;EN;RD@:C ID I>B:?DICQD@B;8qc! 'I= I==;I>;H D: Q:OCP H@?INN;RD;H B@C:E@DQ Q:ODG F;RIO?; @D:NN;E;H OC>@B@D;H RGI>>;CP;? ICH :==:EDOC@D@;?TC: E;I> ?;D EO>;? ; ICH D: EGQB; :C D@B; D: DG; F;ID :N BO?@R8cc 'I=I? I RO>DOEI> B:A;B;CD I>>:9;H :C; D: IRROEID;>Q ICH ;NN@R@;CD>Q @Cf;RD=;E?:CI>@DQ8 (N IC \0 9I? >I@H FIR_S DG; \0 R:O>H EI= ID I ?>:9 =IR;8 (NDG; \0 9I? NI?D =IR;HS DG; \0 R:O>H EI= UO@R_>Q ICH EGQDGB@RI>>Q8 ,:

D9: \0? EI==;H DG; ?IB;S ;A;C 9G;C E;R@D@CP DG; ?IB; 9:EH?8cg 1GO?S G@=G:= C;?D>;H R:BN:EDIF>Q @CD: DG; G@?D:E@R DEIH@D@:C :N E;N>;RD@CP $NE@RIC$B;E@RIC RO>DOE; @C @D? BO?@RI> ; ]>I?D A@?@D;H \IE8 ZLS ZLJL dG;E;@CIND;E?/+3'$4 '5 ?/, ?', amY +22 !*+'%;ECICH:S +(,$! C:D; !KS ID JikZLS !ikcL8

cc?/+3'$4 '5 ?/, ?', aS +(,$! C:D; c!8cgA#IcK922 )2"2$!**4WO>@IC 1ICC;E ;D I>8S6/+32"/") 3' 8!,> :(*3($2+ '5 :$/.2@ :(*3($2+ '5 82+/+3!"-2S ee *)08%)'03*

g"iS g"ikKZZ ]ZLL" Y +22 !*+'jE;P:EQ +8 %E;;>ICHS VH2R$2 ! H/""2$W> N',(*!$ K(+/- !"# 3>SP$/")/") P!-L 97223 bG"# B'3 9' 97223c K2.'$/2+>;8SP*!.2 A3 '" ?/, ?',> G"3/O8!, G33/3(#2+ G+ ! N$'Y4 5'$ N$2X(#/-2S JZ j')&.


12/80

cJL 0BAC=89A;D EF 6E0A9CA66= 6GH 8=CA=H dV:>8 !e/!""

1GE:OPG:OD G@?D:EQS BO?@R :E@P@CID@CP NE:B $NE@RIC $B;E@RIC

R:BBOC@D@;? GI? I>9IQ? @CR>OH;H IC IRR:B=ICQ@CP ?OFRO>DOE; E;N>;RD@A; :NDG; =:>@D@RI>S ?:R@I>S ICH ;R:C:B@R R:CH@D@:C? :N DG; D@B;8ce -@=6G:=RO>DOE;S >@_; I>> F>IR_ IED N:EB? F;N:E; @DS ;BFEIR;H @D? :9C ?=;R@N@R?OFRO>DOE;S @CR>OH@CP PEINN@D@ IEDS FE;I_ HICR@CPS 5W@CP ]RODD@CP ICH?REIDRG@CP^S ICH EI==@CP8c" -@=6G:= RO>DOE; F;RIB; I >@N;?DQ>; p9@DG @D? :9C>ICPOIP;S ?DQ>; :N HE;??S BO?@RS ICH B@CH ?;D DGID @? R:CD@COI>>Q ;A:>A@CP8qgL(C@D@I>>QS I>> :N G@= G:=[? BIf:E NIR;D? 9;E; N:EB? :N R:OCD;ERO>DOEI> ?;>N6;> DG;?; IRD@A@D@;? 9I? =;:=>;[? H;?@E; D: F; ?;;C ICHG;IEH8qgZ $? @D :E@P@CID;H @C DG; J"KL?S G@= G:= E;N>;RD;H DG; =:>@D@RI>S?:R@I>S ICH ;R:C:B@R R:CH@D@:C? ID DG; D@B; H@E;RD>Q N:>>:9@CP DG; 0@A@>'@PGD? \:A;B;CD8

-@= G:= :E@P@CID;H @C =IED I? I H@E;RD E;?=:C?; D: DG; R@A@> E@PGD?P;C;EID@:C[? =;ER;@A;H E;f;RD@:C :N DG; AI>O;? ICH C;;H? :N OEFIC Q:OCP=;:=>;8 $HH@D@:CI>>QS

G@= G:= RIB; IF:OD F;RIO?; :N ?:B; BIf:E N:EBID RGICP;? DGID D::_ =>IR;9@DG@C `>IR_ EIH@: HOE@CP DG; ;IE>Q dJ"KL?m8 .E@:E D: G@= G:=S F>IR_ EIH@:?DID@:C? =>IQ;H IC @B=:EDICD E:>; @C DG; R:BBOC@DQ dFQm F;@CP I BO?@RI>ICH RO>DOEI> =E;?;EA;E :E )$/'3 ]?D:EQ D;>>;E^8 (D E;N>;RD;H DG; RO?D:B? ICHAI>O;? :N DG; HIQ @C =IED@RO>IE R:BBOC@D@;?8 (D ?;D DG; D:C; ICH RE;ID;H DG;R>@BID; N:E 9G@RG =;:=>; P:A;EC;H DG;@E >@A;? I? DG@? 9I? I =E@BIEQ ?:OER;:N @CN:EBID@:C ICH ;Cf:QB;CD8gi

\IED@C 2ODG;E +@CPS WE8S G@B?;>N IR_C:9>;HP;H DG; RE@D@RI> E:>; DGIDF>IR_ EIH@: =>IQ;H @C DG; 0@A@> '@PGD? \:A;B;CD8 (C G@? $OPO?D J"gKIHHE;?? D: DG; ,ID@:CI> $??:R@ID@:C :N 'IH@: $CC:OCR;E?S 5E8 +@CP >IOH;HF>IR_ EIH@: 5W? N:E DG; @CDE@RID; E:>; DG;Q =>IQ;H @C _;;=@CP DG; 0@A@> '@PGD?

.')03**3* l(,13'j')&. '328 i!cS i!ckgL ]ZLL" 8ce 922 )2"2$!**4 `&'1), M8 .3'311(S 2(%1 3V3'4 V)(03/ 1-3 -(*1)'4 )% $%'(0$, $\3'(0$,

\&*(0 ]ZLL" 8c" 5IA;Q 5S ; ]>I?D A@?@D;H \IQ "S ZLJL 8

giA#I


13/80

ZLJLm :8A;A:G6 8G:= ;?=E8D GBM ;?= ?ANO?EN BG;AEB cJJ

\:A;B;CD I>@A;8 p-; C:D;H DGID 9G@>; D;>;A@?@:C ICH C;9?=I=;E? 9;E;

=:=O>IE ICH :ND;C D@B;? B:E; ;NN;RD@A; B;H@OB?S DG;Q EIE;>Q >ICPOIP;HDG;B?;>A;? ?: DGID `>IR_ N:>_? R:O>H E;>ID; D: DG;B8qg!

-:9;A;ES HO; @C =IED D: DG; CIEE:9@CP :N EIH@: :9C;E?G@=S ICH DG;CID@:CI>@bID@:C :N EIH@: ?DID@:C :9C;E?G@= EO>;?S DG; @CN>O;CR; :N F>IR_ EIH@:H;RE;I?;H N:>>:9@CP DG; 0@A@> '@PGD? \:A;B;CD8 ,ID@:CI> EIH@: F;RIB;H:B@CID;H FQ H@?R: ICH E:R_6ICH6E:>>S 9@DG >@DD>; ?=IR; N:E F>IR_;DOE; ICH EI= F;PIC N@>>@CP DG; A:@H N:E OEFIC$NE@RIC $B;E@RIC?8 (D 9I? I H@E;RD E;?=:C?; D: DG; H@B@C@?GB;CD :N F>IR_=OF>@R EIH@: ICH DG; 9ID;E;H H:9CS 3OE:=;IC@b;H H@?R: BO?@R DGID=;EB;ID;H DG; I@E9IA;? @C DG; J"KL? ICH ;IE>Q J"eL?8gg

1: BICQS G@= G:= ?=;>>;H >@F;EID@:C ICH I E;DOEC D: IODG;CD@R F>IR_

BO?@R ICH ;;H FQ DG; A@RD:E@:O? =:;D@R EG;D:E@R :N R@A@> E@PGD? ICH F>IR_ =:9;E8gK'I= ICH G@= G:= B;ICD DGID =;EN:EB;E? 9;E; NE;; IPI@C D: DI>_ :=;C>QS pD:@C?;ED ROE?;?S F>;??@CP?S ICH f:_;? @CD: DG;@E EI=?S ICH D: E;DOEC D: DG; NOC_QS@CH@A@HOI>>Q PEI@C;H A:@R;? DGID H@?R: dICH E:R_m GIH BIH; D: ?;;BPIORG;8qge

(C IHH@D@:C D: DG; H@?I==;IEICR; :N F>IR_ =OF>@R EIH@: ICH DG; H@?INN;RD:N B@C:E@DQ Q:ODG 9@DG DG; R@A@> E@PGD? P;C;EID@:CS :DG;E REOR@I> NIRD:E?R:CDE@FOD@CP D: DG; =>IDN:EB NE:B 9G@RG DG; G@=6G:= E;A:>OD@:C ;B;EP;H@CR>OH;H IC $B;E@RIC ?:R@;DI> BI>I@?; E;=E;?;CD;H FQ V@;DCIBS CID@:CI>

=:>@D@RI> OCE;?DS EIB=ICD ?D@BO>ICDhCIER:D@R IFO?;S >I9 ICH :EH;E B;CDI>@DQSOC;B=>:QB;CDS ICH @CC;E6R@DQ H@?;CNEICRG@?;B;CD8 $C:DG;E ;A;CD=E;R@=@DID@CP DG; ;A;CDOI> @CD;C?@DQ :N G@= G:= 9I? DG; ;>;RD@:C :N '@RGIEH,@@DIEQ R:C?RE@=D@:C:N OEFIC F>IR_ ICH 2ID@C: ;@PGD;;C D: D9;CDQ6Q;IE6:>H? RE;ID@CPS A@EDOI>>Q

g! 5IA;Q 5S ;IB@SP*!-L N(J*/-9,IB@SM2*/J2$!3/12 M2.'-$!-4m8

gg922 %:>IB@SP*!-L N(J*/- 9,IB@SM2*/J2$!3/12 M2.'-$!-4S +(,$!C:D; gcY +22 !*+' )2"2$!**4i ,)'1), $,1-)2)j4 )% M3*13',

\&*(0]W8 .;D;E OE_G:>H;E l 0>IOH; V8 .I>@?_IS ;H?8S M8M8 ,:ED:C l 0:8 ZLL" 8geW:GC %8 *b9;HS ;


14/80

cJZ 0BAC=89A;D EF 6E0A9CA66= 6GH 8=CA=H dV:>8 !e/!""

:A;EC@PGDS I R:BBOC@DQ6H@?EO=D@CP A:@H8g" $ E;?O>D :N DG@? G@?D:E@RI>

R:CN>O;CR; 9I? I ?=:CDIC;:O? B:A;B;CD :N N;E:R@:O? @CD;C?@DQ/ 1G; G@=6G:= CID@:C 9I? F:EC8KL

PI =1'*(3/'"

-@=6G:= BO?@R ICH RO>DOE; GIA; pR:CUO;E;H DG; 9:E>H8qKJ *@CR; G@=G:=[? GOBF>; F;P@CC@CP? @D GI?S @C fO?D DGE;; H;RIH;?S F;R:B; I &C@D;H*DID;? =G;C:B;C:C ICH I P>:FI> RO>DOEI> ICH ;CD;EDI@CB;CD B:A;B;CD8KZ-@=6G:= IED@?D? E;PO>IE>Q D:= DG; &C@D;H *DID;? ICH @CD;ECID@:CI> E;R:EH?I>;? RGIED?8Ki \:D@:C =@RDOE;? 9@DG G@=6G:= DG;B;? RGIED E;PO>IE>Q :C F:>Q8K! -@=6G:= IED@?D? GIA;F;R:B; E;R:EH B:PO>?SKc @CD;ECID@:CI> B:A@; ?DIE?SKg R>:DG@CP >@C;

g"1:B 1;EE;>>S;>@:C FQ *IDOEHIQ ?@CR; @D? E;>;I?; :C *;=D8 Ji8 r`E:9C *OPIES[ I G@=6G:=>:A; ?D:EQ ?DIEE@CP 1IQ; 5@PP?S PE:??;H xZZ8! B@>>@:C ?@CR; @D? E;>;I?; :C )RD8 JJ8 2I?D Q;IES r3>@:C8q Y +22 )2"2$!**4@ 2I)IS ,)1)'()&*]%:< *;IERG>@PGD .@RDOE;? ZLL" Y -&*123 l%2)M]0EOC_ .@RDOE;?h\1V %@>B? ZLLc Y e$23](BIP@C; 3CD;EDI@CB;CDh&C@A;E?I> ZLLZ Y `3224] @P 5:P%@>B?h$ED@?IC 3CD;EDI@CB;CD J""e Y `)4y , 1-3 -))5 ]0:>OBF@I .@RDOE;? J""Z Y W&(03 ](?>ICHM:E>Hh.IEIB:OCD J""Z Y +'&*- j'))V3]0EQ?DI>@D; .E:HORD@:C?hMIEC;E E:? J"ec 8

Kc 922 *DOIED 3>>@:DS G B27 C2"3($2 5'$ U!4Og@ '" K!#/+'" G12"(2S ,848 1(\3*S %;F8 eS ZLLeS !1!/*!J*2 !3GDD=/hh9998CQD@B;?8R:BhZLLehLZhLehFO?@C;??hB;H@IhLeIHR:8GDB> ]pWIQ6y @? I jEIBBQ69@CC@CP EI==;ES IR>OF :9C;ES I R>:DG@;ES I N>;HP>@CP G:D;>@;ES DG; =IED6:9C;E :N I FI?_;DFI>> D;IB ICH DG; N:EB;E =E;?@H;CD :N d5;N

WIB ';R:EH?m8 ,:9 G; P;D? D: IHH IHBIC D: G@? Ea?OBa8q^8Kg922 N@>B? R@D;H +(,$!C:D; K!Y +22 !*+' M;CHQ +I>;S :'..'"> hA5 A ?!# 3' : 6(#!-$/+S ,848 1(\3*S!1!/*!J*2 !3 GDD=/hhD:=@R?8CQD@B;?8R:BhD:=hE;N;E;CR;hD@B;?D:=@R?h=;:=>;h>h>OHIRE@?h@CH; ]p-@? IRD@CPRIE;;E GI? PE:9C 9@DG E:>;? @C p0EI?GSq p':R_C':>>ISq ICH p\I< .IQC;Sq @C 9G@RG G; O?;? G@? E;I> CIB;S 0GE@?`E@HP;?8q Y K'+ M25S 1-3 (,13',31 $V(3 5$1$`$*3S GDD=/hh9998@BHF8R:BhCIB;hCBLLeLL!"h ]>I?DA@?@D;H %;F8 ZcS ZLL" ]>@?D@CP I==;IEICR;? @CS IB:CP :DG;E?S ]d P*'-L+SP$'7" 9()!$@ICH;


15/80

ZLJLm :8A;A:G6 8G:= ;?=E8D GBM ;?= ?ANO?EN BG;AEB cJi

H;?@PC;E?SKK ?DIE? :N E;I>@DQ D;>;A@?@:C =E:PEIBB@CPSKeICH 9:E>H6E;C:9C;H

R:>>IF:EID:E?8K"

-@=6G:= ?DOH@;? =E:PEIB? GIA; ?=EOCP O= DGE:OPG:OD DG;IRIH;BQ @C DG; &8*8SeLICH I FOEP;:C@CP F:HQ :N >@D;EIDOE; GI? H:ROB;CD;HDG@? P>:FI> I?R;CD8eJ (C I E;>ID@A;>Q ?G:ED =;E@:H :N D@B;S G@= G:= GI? F;R:B;I H:B@CICD RO>DOEI> N:ER; @C DG; 9:E>HS ICHS @C BICQ 9IQ?S GI? F;R:B; DG;A:@R; :N I P;C;EID@:C8eZ

$? @CH@RID;H IF:A;S DG@? P>:FI> B:A;B;CD ?=EOCP NE:B A;EQ B:H;?DE::D?8 'I= BO?@R ICH G@=6G:= RO>DOE; 9;E; H@?B@??;H ID DG;@E @CR;=D@:C I? INIH ICH 9;E; 9@H;>Q =ICC;H FQ RE@D@R? ICH DG; BIf:E@DQ =OF>@R I? IC

ZLL" ]>@?D@CP I==;IEICR;? @CS IB:CP :DG;E?S :@; %@CCS 9"'', M')) Z23+ 82!*S 3z),2(,3S WO>8 JiS ZLLKS GDD=/hh9998;:C>@C;8R:BhOF;EF>:Ph

FccgiJn*C::=n5:PPnj;D?n';I>8GDB>Y +22 !*+' 'OC[? -:O?;S GDD=/hh9998BDA8R:Bh:CDAhHQChEOC?nG:O?;h?;E@;?8fGDB> ]>I?D A@?@D;H %;F8 ZZS ZLL" 8

K" 922 ;/.J!*!"#> P/')$!,>Q %OEDIH: :C6''+2^Y +22 !*+' U(+3/" ;/.J2$*!L2@ ;IAI ;2!. 0, F'$ VA5 ASW')22(,j*1),380)\S 5;R8 JKSZLLeS GDD=/hh9998E:>>@CP?D:C;8R:BhE:R_HI@>Qh@CH;I_;6D@6D;IB6O=6N:E6@N6@h8

eL922-@=G:= &C@A;E?@DQS 0:OE?;?SGDD=/hh9998G@=G:=IERG@A;8:EPhOC@A;E?@DQhR:OE?;? ]>I?D A@?@D;H \IQ KSZLJL ]>@?D@CP H:b;C? :N G@= G:=6FI?;H R:OE?;? :NN;E;H @C O==;E6>;A;> IRIH;B@I ID AIE@:O? @C?D@DOD@:C? DGE:OPGZLJL 8

eJ922)2"2$!**4`&123'S+(,$!C:D; J!Y 0-$,jS +(,$!C:D; ZY ,32*), j3)'j3S-(.-).$\3'(0$]J""" Y`$+$'( +(1M$,$SM-4 M-(13 +(5* 2)V3 -(. -)./M$,+*1$*SM(jj3'*SM$,,$`3*S$,5 1-3 ,3M

'3$2(14 )% '$03 (, $\3'(0$ ]ZLLg dG;E;@CIND;E +(1M$,$SM-4 M-(13 +(5* 2)V3 -(. -).mY (\$,(.3''4S.').-31* )% 1-3 -))5/.)2(1(0* $,5 .)31(0* (, -(. -).]ZLL! dG;E;@CIND;E .3''4S.').-31*)% 1-3 -))5mY *80'$(j M$1+(,*S-(. -). \$113'*/.)2(1(0*S.). 0&21&'3S$,5 1-3 *1'&jj23%)' 1-3 *)&2 )% $ \)V3\3,1]ZLLc Y -:EIR; 38 $CH;E?:CS WE8S V:$/./"!* K/"#2#jW> K/Y3!,2 MU+@ ;

-;ERSA"3$'#(-3/'" 3'0-$,jS+(,$!C:D; ZS ID N:ER;8 -@=6G:= F@CH? I>> :N DG;?;=;:=>;S I>> :N DG;?; CID@:CI>@D@;?S I>> :A;E DG; 9:E>H D:P;DG;E8q Y +22 )2"2$!**4 \8+8$*$,13W'8S(1[* `(jj3' 1-$,-(. -)./ 1-3 '(*3 )% 1-3 .)*16-(.6-). j3,3'$1(), ]ZLLe 8 (C BICQ 9IQ?S G@= G:= @? >IHH;E@CP @D?@CN>O;CR; @CD: DG; C;IE =E:PEIB? N:E RG@>HE;C IF:OCH8 922 )2"2$!**4?/, ?', ?!$$4]0 D: `.E:HORD@:C? D;>;A@?@:C FE:IHRI?D ZLLg D: .E;?;CD Y ;


16/80

cJ! 0BAC=89A;D EF 6E0A9CA66= 6GH 8=CA=H dV:>8 !e/!""

OC@B=:EDICD pN>I?G @C DG; =ICq BO?@RI> B:A;B;CD8ei 1G; P;C;EI> =OF>@R

?;;B;H R:CD;CD D: @PC:E; G@= G:= ICH @D? IRR:ODE;B;CD? ]@8;8S FE;I_ HICR@CPSPEINN@D@S 5W@CPS ;DR8^ 9G;C DG; B:A;B;CD 9I? R:CN@C;H D: DG; @CC;E R@D@;? :NBIf:E &8*8 B;DE:=:>@DIC IE;I?8e! 1GO?S 9G;C DG; J"KL? ICH J"eL? ?I9 DG;E;>;I?;? :N 1G; *OPIEG@>> jICP[? 8!,,2$R+ M2*/)

eg.&`2(0 3,3\4S (1 1$+3* $ ,$1(), )% \(22(),* 1) -)25 &* `$0+ ]5;N WIB ';R:EH? J"ee^dG;E;@CIND;E (1 1$+3* $ ,$1(),m8

eK.&`2(0 3,3\4S%3$' )% $ `2$0+ .2$,31]5;N WIB ';R:EH? J""L 8ee,8M8$8S*1'$(j-1 )&11$ 0)\.1),]'ODG>;??h.E@:E@DQ ';R:EH? J"ee 8e"`))j(3 5)M, .')5&01(),*S0'(\(,$2 \(,535 ] 6`:Q ';R:EH? J"eK 8"L`))j(3 5)M, .')5&01(),*S`4 $22\3$,* ,303**$'4]W@A; ';R:EH? J"ee 8"J(0361Sd A" ;


17/80

ZLJLm :8A;A:G6 8G:= ;?=E8D GBM ;?= ?ANO?EN BG;AEB cJc

?OHH;C>Q F;RIB; I >@PGDC@CP E:H :N IDD;CD@:C ICH RE@D@R@?B8"i 1G@?

C;9N:OCH ?DIDO? I? R:CDE:A;E?@I> >@PGDC@CP E:H ;B;EP;H C:D fO?D F;RIO?; :NDG; ;@R@D =:>@D@RI> ICH A@:>;CD R:OCD;ERO>DOEI> B;??IP;?S FOD I>?: F;RIO?;DG;?; B;??IP;? 9;E; F;@CP G;IEH ICH E;R;@A;H 9@H;>Q FQ @CC;E6R@DQ Q:ODG I?9;>> I? 9G@D;6?OFOEFIC Q:ODG IRE:?? DG; R:OCDEQ8"!

5;?=@D; I =;E@:H :N @CD;C?; RE@D@R@?B ICH IDD;B=D? D: H@?RE;H@D ICH;EIH@RID; G@= G:=S"c @CR>OH@CP IPPE;??@A; IDDIR_? FQ DG; %`(S"g 0($S >:RI>>I9 ;CN:ER;B;CD IRE:?? DG; &C@D;H *DID;?S"K1@==;E j:E;S"eICH 08 5;>:E;?1OR_;ES""G@= G:= GI? C:D fO?D ?OEA@A;HS FOD GI? @CN>O;CR;H ICH H:B@CID;H I

]1;RGC: -:=h*@E;hMIEC;E E:?8 ';R:EH? J"eg 8"Z`)54 0)&,1S :', [/**2$S '"`)54 0)&,1 ]*@E;hMIEC;E E:?8 ';R:EH? J""Z 8"i

922 /#IY +22 !*+'="-4-*',l#/! P$/3!""/-!R+ Z(/#2 3' P*!-L ?/+3'$4> ;6"JJKciK ]>I?D A@?@D;H %;F8 JiS ZLJL dG;E;@CIND;E jO@H; D: >IR_-@?D:EQm ]p1G; B:?D ?@PC@N@RICD E;?=:C?; D: ,;9 4:E_ G@=6G:=S DG:OPGS RIB; NE:B 2:? $CP;>;?S F;P@CC@CP @CJ"e" 9@DG ,8M8$8[? HQCIB@R I>FOB 93$!/)8S `T K'.2"3+ 3;? :C DG; G@=6G:= BI= FQ R:BF@C@CP NOC_ EGQDGB? 9@DG ?DIRRID: EGQB;? DGID R:CH;BC;H EIR@?D R:=? ICH:NN;E;H I C@G@>@?D@R RGE:C@R>; :N HEOP H;I>@CPS RI?OI> ?DE;;D A@:>;CR; ICH REIR_ G:[?8 8 8 8 1G; %`( ?;CD I >;DD;E D:,8M8$[? E;R:EH R:B=ICQS .E@:E@DQS ?@< B:CDG? IND;E DG; I>FOB[? E;>;I?;S IRRO?@CP DG; >IF;> :N ?;>>@CP I E;R:EH DGID;CR:OEIP;H A@:>;CR; IPI@C?D >I9 ;CN:ER;B;CD8q 8

"K922WIB;? 2;\:QC;S6/.2*/);H N:EBID@:C :N DG;.IE;CD?[ \O?@R ';?:OER; 0;CD;E 9@DG @D? P:I> :N FICC@CP ;@R@D BID;E@I> :C E;R:EH@CP? @C EI=S E:R_S ICH G;IAQB;DI> BO?@RS ICH DG; ';R:EH@CP (CHO?DEQ $??:R@ID@:C :N $B;E@RI[? @CDE:HORD@:C :N I OC@N:EB >IF;>@CP ?Q?D;B N:EE;R:EH? 9@DG ;@R@D R:CD;CD E;IH@CP p.IE;CDI> $HA@?:EQT3@R@D 2QE@R?8q 8

"" 922 '&**322 $8 .)113'S *.301$0&2$' V3',$0&2$'*/ -(.6-). $,5 1-3 .)2(1(0* )%.)*1\)53',(*\"c ]J""c^ ]p(C J""!S DG; E;IRD@:C IPI@C?D DG@? =IED@RO>IE P;CE; E;IRG;H I RE@?@? =:@CD @C DG;


18/80

cJg 0BAC=89A;D EF 6E0A9CA66= 6GH 8=CA=H dV:>8 !e/!""

P;C;EID@:CTDG; G@=6G:= P;C;EID@:C8JLL p-@=6-:= GI? I??OB;H I R;CDEI>

E:>; @C B:>H@CP DG; H;?D@C@;? :N I 9G:>; P;C;EID@:C :N Q:OCP =;:=>;8qJLJ

*@B=>Q ?DID;HS G@=6G:= BO?@R ICH @D? R:OCD;ERO>DOE; GIH ;:H;H :CD: DG;&8*8 ICH P>:FI> R:C?R@:O?C;??;?8

%E:B DG; J"eL? D: =E;?;CD HIQS G@=6G:= RO>DOE; GI? PE:9C @C @D? =:9;EICH @CN>O;CR;8 \@PGDQ H;FID; GI? EIP;H HOE@CP DG;?; DGE;; H;RIH;? I? D:9G;DG;E G@= G:=[? @CN>O;CR; GI? F;;C I =:?@D@A; N:ER; :E I H;?DEORD@A;B;RGIC@?BS FOD N;9 ?D@>> F;>@;A; :E IEPO; DGID G@= G:= 9@>> NIH; I? I B;E;RO>DOEI> N::DC:D;8

1G; P;CO@C; =:9;E ICH E:FO?D @CN>O;CR; :N G@= G:= ICH @D? P;C;EID@:C9;E; :C R>;IE H@?=>IQ HOE@CP DG; ZLLe &C@D;H *DID;? =E;?@H;CD@I> ;>;RD@:CRQR>;8 \ICQ H@A;E?; R:C?D@DO;CR@;? NO;>;H .E;?@H;CD `IEIR_ )FIBI[?

A@RD:EQ @C DG; G@?D:E@R ZLLe ;>;RD@:CY DG; G@=6G:= P;C;EID@:C 9I? R;EDI@C>Q:C; :N DG; B:?D @B=:EDICDS HE@A@CP )FIBI D: DG; B:?D =:9;ENO> =:?@D@:C @CDG; 9:E>H8JLZ *:R@I>>Q R:C?R@:O? EI==;E 1I>@F +9;>@ FIR_;H ICHRIB=I@PC;H N:E .E;?@H;CD )FIBIS ICH E;N;EE;H D: G@B I? C:D fO?D DG; N@E?DF>IR_ .E;?@H;CDS FOD DG; N@E?D G@=6G:= .E;?@H;CD8JLi

N:EB :N R:CPE;??@:CI> G;IE@CP? @C?D@PID;H FQ 5E8 08 5;>:E;? 1OR_;E8 5E8 1OR_;E 8 8 8 D::_ :NN;C?; D: rPICP?DI EI=[>QE@R?S ICH :EPIC@b;H I ?;E@;? :N =E:D;?D? @C DG; MI?G@CPD:CS 5808 IE;I8 8 8 8 &C>@_; 1@==;E j:E; ICH G;E H:EBICD.IE;CD?[ \O?@R ';?:OER; 0;CD;ES 1OR_;E 9ICD;H B:E; DGIC 9IEC@CP >IF;>?Y ?G; H;BICH;H IC :ODE@PGD FIC :CrPICP?DI[ EI= E;R:EH?8q 8

JLL922`$+$'( +(1M$,$S 1-3 -(. -). j3,3'$1(),/4)&,j `2$0+* $,5 1-3 0'(*(* (, $%'(0$,$\3'(0$, 0&21&'3! ]ZLLZ dG;E;@CIND;E +(1M$,$S1-3 -(. -). j3,3'$1(),m8 +@D9ICI H;N@C;? pG@=6G:= P;C;EID@:C;E?q I? pDG:?; Q:OCP $NE@RIC $B;E@RIC? F:EC F;D9;;C J"gc ICH J"e! 9G: RIB; :N IP; @C DG;;@PGD@;? ICH C@C;D@;? ICH 9G: ?GIE; I ?=;R@N@R ?;D :N AI>O;? ICH IDD@DOH;?8 $D DG; R:E; IE; :OE DG:OPGD? IF:ODNIB@>QS E;>ID@:C?G@=?S RG@>H E;IE@CPS RIE;;ES EIR@I> @H;CD@DQS EIR; E;>ID@:C?S ICH =:>@D@R?8q A#I `:EE:9@CP +@D9ICI[?H;N@C@D@:CS ( IH:=D DG; @H;I G;E; DGID DG; -@=6-:= j;C;EID@:C IE; @CH;;H DG:?; @CH@A@HOI>? F:EC F;D9;;C DG;

Q;IE? :N J"gc ICH J"e!S FOD ?;;_ D: ;OH; I>?: DG:?; @CH@A@HOI>? ?DE:CP>Q @CN>O;CR;H FQDG; G@=6G:= B:A;B;CD 9G: IE; 2ID@C:S 9G@D;S $?@ICS .:>QC;?@ICS ;DR8S @8;8S pG@=6G:= P;C;EID@:C;E?q :N R:>:E :E :NOEFIC @CN>O;CR;8

JLJ0GE@?D@IC 58 'ODG;EN:EHS ,:D;S VZ!")+3!W :(*3($2 /" ! N'*/-2# 93!32> ;;?hJc"iJi"hZLLeLeJ"hfIQnb8fGDB>Y +22 !*+'$>@QI39@CPS EJ!.! G##$2++2+ ?/, ?',n K223+ 7/3< U!4Og !"# [!"42 H2+3S -(. -). 5oS WIC8 JLS ZLLeSGDD=/hh9998G@=G:=H> ?9@CPS DG; A:@R; :N Q:OCP `>IR_ $B;E@RI ICH DG; -@= -:= A:D; 9@>>R:CD@CO; D: F; I N:RI> =:@CD @C DG; B;H@I8 *: NIES EI==;E? @CR>OH@CP 0:BB:CS 'GQB;N;?D ICH 1I>@F +9;>@ GIA;A:@R;H DG;@E ?O==:ED N:E )FIBI8q Y $b@ .IQFIEIGS EJ!.!R+ ?/,O?', G#./$2$+S 1-3 ,3M 4)'+ )`*3'V3']\IE8

!S ZLLe S GDD=/hh9998:F?;EA;E8R:BhZLLeh:FIBI6?6G@=6G:=6IHB@E;E? ]p(N `IEIR_ )FIBI @? DG; 5;B:REID@RC:B@C;;S @D[? I =E;DDQ ?IN; I??OB=D@:C DGID G;[? P:@CP D: GIA; :A;E9G;>B@CP ?O==:ED NE:B DG; G@=6G:=R:BBOC@DQ8q Y M@>>@IB +E@?D:>S Z2"2$!3/'" EJ!.!j N2$


19/80

ZLJLm :8A;A:G6 8G:= ;?=E8D GBM ;?= ?ANO?EN BG;AEB cJK

5E8 0:EC;> M;?DS E;N>;RD@CP O=:C DG; G@?D:E@R RIB=I@PC 9IP;H FQ

`IEIR_ )FIBIS BO?;H/( 9:O>H P: I? NIE I? D: ?OPP;?D DGID DG;E;[? I P::H RGICR; DG;E; 9:O>HC[D;A;C F; IC p$P; :N )FIBIq 9@DG:OD G@= G:=S P@A;C DG; NOCHIB;CDI> E:>; 88 8 Q:OCP =;:=>; =>IQ;H @C PI>AIC@b@CP )FIBI[? RIB=I@PC8 ( 9I? DG;E; @C(:9I 9G;E; DG;E; 9I? fO?D I N;9 :N O?Y 8 8 8 H@?=E:=:ED@:CID;>Q Q:OCPSH@?=E:=:ED@:CID;>Q 9G@D;S ICH 9G;C 9; ?D:>; I9IQS DG;Q 9;E; I>> >@?D;C@CPD: G@= G:=8 $CH ( IB C:D DI>_@CP IF:OD fO?D 3B@C;B8 8 8 8 -@= G:= H:@CP9GIDu )=;C@CP Q:OCP =;:=>; D: DG; GOBIC@DQ :N :DG;E Q:OCP F>IR_=;:=>; 9G:?; R:CH@D@:C? GIA; F;;C :A;E>::_;H8JL!

(C E;R:PC@b@CP DG; ?@b;IF>; P>:FI> N::D=E@CD G@= G:= GI? RE;ID;HS D9:DG@CP? ?;;B R>;IE8 %@E?DS I? DG; G@=6G:= P;C;EID@:C PE:9? O=S ?:B; :N @D?

B;BF;E? 9@>> F;R:B; >;IH;E?/ >;P@?>ID:E?S ;HORID:E?S >I9Q;E?S >IF:E;E?S?RG:>IE?S ICH =G@>:?:=G;E?8 *;R:CHS DG;?; >;IH;E?S ;HORID:E?S ICH=E:N;??@:CI>? 9@>> FE@CP D: DG;@E ?=;R@N@R E:>;? DG; @BIP;?S >;??:C?S ICH ?DIE_RE@D@UO;? DGID IRR:B=ICQ I>> IODG;CD@R B;BF;E? :N DG@? P;C;EID@:C8 $? G@=G:= @? DEO>Q @B=IRD@CP IC ;B;EP@CP P;C;EID@:C :N >;IH;E? ICH ?RG:>IE?S?:R@;DQ ?G:O>H =IQ A;EQ R>:?; IDD;CD@:C D: DG; B;??IP;? ICH >;??:C? DGID G@=G:= GI? DIOPGD ICH R:CD@CO;? D: @B=IED8

$? G@= G:= ?;DD>;? @CD: @D? =>IR; I? I P>:FI> =G;C:B;C:CS DG; :E@P@C ICH;A:>OD@:C :N DG@? B:A;B;CD ?GIE; I ?DIED>@CP =IEI>>;> H;A;>:=B;CD 9@DG DG;>;PI> IRIH;B@R B:A;B;CD _C:9C I? 0E@D@RI> 'IR; 1G;:EQ8 ( =:?@D DGID DG@?B@EE:E;H E;>ID@:C?G@= @? C:D :C>Q @B=:EDICDS FOD REOR@I>8 1G; R:CC;RD@:CF;D9;;C 0E@D@RI> 'IR; 1G;:EQ ICH DG; G@=6G:= P;C;EID@:C @? :C; DGIDPE:OCH? @D?;>N @C DG; N:OCHID@:C? :N EIR; @C DG@? CID@:C ICH DG; BICC;E @C9G@RG DG; >I9 @CD;E?;RD? 9@DG EIR@?B ICH EIR@I> H@?RE@B@CID@:C8 -@=6G:=BO?@R ICH RO>DOE; GIA; H;;=>Q @CN>O;CR;H DG:?; DGID C:9 E;=E;?;CD DG;

+C:9>;HP;/ -@= -:=[? (CN>O;CR; :C 2I9 ICH 0O>DOE; ]M;?D V@EP@CI &C@A;E?@DQ 0:>>;P; :N 2I9 %;F8 JZ6JiSZLL" !1!/*!J*2 !3 GDD=/hh>I9B;H@I?@D;89AO8;HOhB;H@I?@D;hRIDI>:Ph ]=E:A@H@CP >@A; E;BIE_? BIH; FQ _;QC:D;?=;I_;E 1I>@F +9;>@S 9G: E;N;E? D: .E;?@H;CD )FIBI I? DG; pG@= G:= .E;?@H;CDq Y +22 !*+'(BIC@ 0G;;E? l 0EQ?DI>-:>B;?S ;


20/80

cJe 0BAC=89A;D EF 6E0A9CA66= 6GH 8=CA=H dV:>8 !e/!""

?;R:CH P;C;EID@:C :N 0E@D@RI> 'IR; 1G;:EQ8 1G@? E;>ID@:C?G@= GI? DG;

=:D;CD@I> D: EIH@RI>>Q @CN>O;CR; EIR; ?RG:>IE?G@= ICH EIR; >I9Q;E@CP @C DG;&C@D;H *DID;?8

(V8*-$'(,j $ .$'$2232 &,(V3'*3

GI 6!("- 'IR; 1G;:EQ B;D @CJ"e" ID I 9:E_?G:= ID DG; *D8 `;C;H@RD 0;CD;E @C \IH@?:CS M@?R:C?@CSJLc>IOCRG@CP I P>:FI> IRIH;B@R B:A;B;CD 9I? >@_;>Q C:D ID DG; N:E;NE:CD :NDG;@E B@CH?8 \;;D@CP D:P;DG;E I? >I9 =E:N;??:E? :N R:>:E 9I? B:E; IF:OD?O==:ED ICH ?OEA@AI> 9@DG@C DG; 9G@D; BI>;6H:B@CID;H >;PI> IRIH;BQ DGIC

IF:OD ?=I9C@CP I B:A;B;CD DGID 9:O>H RGICP; DG; H;FID; :N EIR; @C$B;E@RI8 *@B@>IE>QS 9G;C 5W +::> -;ER ICH $NE@RI `IBFIIDII F;PIC?=@CC@CP E;R:EH? :C DOECDIF>;? @C DG; =IE_? :N DG; *:ODG `E:C< ICH EGQB@CP:A;E DG; @C?DEOB;CDI> G::_?S ( H:OFD DGID >IOCRG@CP I P>:FI> RO>DOEI> ICHBO?@RI> B:A;B;CD 9I? DG;@E :Ff;RD@A;8 1G; E::D? :N F:DG >IOCRG;? 9;E;GOBF>;S OCI??OB@CPS ICH ?=IE?;>Q 9@DC;??;H8 1EO>QS DG; F;P@CC@CP :N 0'1ICH DG; :E@P@CID@:C :N G@= G:= F:DG ?=EICP NE:B DG; RE;ID@A; ICH IPPE;??@A;B@CH? :N I N;9 N:E9IEH6DG@C_@CP =E:PE;??@A;? DGID ?@B=>Q :?:=G@b@CP8

%E:B DG; B:A;B;CD[? @CR;=D@:CS 0E@D@RI> 'IR; DG;:E@?D? RGIB=@:C;H?D:EQD;>>@CP ICH CIEEID@A; I? AI>OIF>; ;B=@E@RI> =E::N :N E;I>@DQ ICH DG;GOBIC ;; E;f;RD@CP DEIH@D@:CI> N:EB? :N >;PI> ?DOH@;?S=;HIP:PQS ICH AIE@:O? N:EB? :N R@A@> E@PGD? >;IH;E?G@=8JLg -@= G:=S ID @D?E::DS @? CIEEID@A; @C N:EBY DG; F;?DS B:?D E;R:PC@bIF>; G@=6G:= IED@?D? O?;?D:EQD;>>@CP I? DG;@E B:?D NOCHIB;CDI> R:BBOC@RID@A; B;DG:H8JLK %OEDG;ES;IE>Q G@=6G:= RO>DOE; ICH EI= BO?@R E;f;RD;H DG; DEIH@D@:CI> >;PI>S fOH@R@I>SICH ;HORID@:CI> ?Q?D;B?S H;REQ@CPT:ND;C @C f:OECI>@?D@R NI?G@:CTDG;?DIDO?6UO: ?Q?D;B ;?DIF>@?G;H FQ DG; 9G@D; BIf:E@DQ8JLe (C DG; ?IB; A;@CS0E@D@RI> 'IR; DG;:E@?D? E;f;RD;H DG; ?DEI@PGD69G@D;6BI>; =;E?=;RD@A; ICH

JLc922$CP;>I -IEE@?SF'$27!$# D: '(0-$'5 532j$5) lW3$, *13%$,0(0S0'(1(0$2 '$03 1-3)'4/$, (,1')5&01(), M/+,(32+ G.'") N$/1/*2)2# P*!-L+eF$'. :*!$2"-2 ;


21/80

ZLJLm :8A;A:G6 8G:= ;?=E8D GBM ;?= ?ANO?EN BG;AEB cJ"

=E@A@>;P; DG;C ]ICH ?D@>>^ =;EAI?@A; DGE:OPG:OD DG; >;PI> IRIH;BQS =E:=:?@CP

@C?D;IH I BORG H@NN;E;CD I==E:IRG D: D;IRG@CPS 9E@D@CPS >;PI> >;IEC@CPS ICH=;E?=;RD@A;6?GIE@CP 9@DG@C DG; >I96?RG::> R>I??E::B8JL" -@=6G:= IED@?D?GIA; IHA:RID;H N:E ?:B; DG@EDQ Q;IE? C:9 DGID 9G@RG @? =;EGI=? B:?D fIEE@CPN:E DEIH@D@:CI> ?:R@;DQ/ I DG:E:OPG H@?E;?=;RD N:ES ICH H@?E;PIEH :NS DG; EO>;:N >I9S =IED@RO>IE>Q @C R:CC;RD@:C 9@DG RE@B@CI> >I9 ICH =OC@?GB;CD8JJL

1G; ?DE@_@CP ?@B@>IE@D@;? F;D9;;C 0'1 ICH G@= G:= F;P@C 9@DG DG;@CD;>>;RDOI> OCH;E=@CC@CP? :N F:DG B:A;B;CD?8 `:DG 0'1 ICH G@= G:=?;EA; DG; HOI> =OE=:?; :N =E:A@H@CP I EIR;6FI?;H @CD;EH@?R@=>@CIEQDG;:E;D@RI> NEIB;9:E_ N:E ICI>Qb@CP >I9?S =:>@R@;?S ICH IHB@C@?DEID@A;=E:R;HOE;? DGID GIA; I H;>;D;E@:O? @B=IRD :C EIR@I> B@C:E@D@;?8 $? ?DOH@;?GIA; ?G:9C/

Q:ODG OD@>@b;dm G@= G:= BO?@R @C BO>D@=>; ICH :A;E>I==@CP 9IQ?S ;CPIP@CPG@= G:= BO?@R I? F:DG I =;HIP:PQ DGID R;CD;E? DG; =;E?=;RD@A;? :N =;:=>;:N R:>:E ICH I NEIB;9:E_ D: ;Q >@N;8 *=;R@N@RI>>QS Q:ODG O?;dmG@= G:= H@?R:OE?; D: BI_; ?;C?; :N DG; 9IQ? EIR; :=;EID;? @C DG;@E HI@>Q>@A;?Y D: B:E; FE:IH>Q OCH;E?DICH DG;@E =:?@D@:C @C DG; &8*8 EIR@I>h;DGC@RG@;EIERGQY ICH D: RE@D@UO; DEIH@D@:CI> ?RG::>@CP N:E NI@>@CP D: RE@D@RI>>Q@CR:E=:EID; DG;@E EIR@I>@b;H ;DGC@RhRO>DOEI> @H;CD@D@;? 9@DG@C :NN@R@I> ?RG::>H@I>:PO;? ICH ROEE@RO>I @C ;B=:9;E@CP 9IQ?8JJJ

-@= G:= E;@CN:ER;? DG; FI?@R @C?@PGD? :N 0E@D@RI> 'IR; 1G;:EQS @CR>OH@CPDG; C:D@:C DGID EIR@?B @? I C:EBI> ICH E;>;CD>;?? NIRD :N HI@>Q >@N;8JJZ (CIHH@D@:CS =;E?:CI> ;>@CP IE; O?;H ;QICH RE;ID@A;>Q D: RGI>>;CP; DG; ; R:C?DEORD@:C :N EIR;8 `:DG0'1 ICH G@= G:= E;R:PC@b; DGID 9G@D; ;>@D;? 9@>> D:>;EID; :E ;CR:OEIP;EIR@I> IHAICR;? N:E F>IR_? :C>Q 9G;C ?ORG IHAICR;? =E:B:D; 9G@D; ?;>N6@CD;E;?D8JJi (C E;?=:C?; D: DG; @C;A@DIF>; E;?O>D :N RO>DOEI> BIEP@CI>@bID@:CS$NE@RIC $B;E@RIC? GIA; OD@>@b;H G@=6G:= >QE@R? D: H@?;B=:9;E DG; 9G@D;RO>DOEI> ;>@D;8 -@= G:= ?;EA;? I? 9G@D; $B;E@RI[? @CDE:HORD@:C D: DG; E;?D :NB@C:E@DQ ?:R@;DQS ; $B;E@RI D: >@N; @C DG; @CC;E6R@DQ8 `:DG

JL"922ICHEa H:OP>I? =:CH ROBB@CP?S V6/'"+ !"# ;/)2$+ !"# P2!$+@ E< K4W '$ V82#+L/"+ !"# P$!12+ !"# A"#/!"+@E< H 8(./"!3/'"+ '" \R`E@H; A8 &DIG *DID; 1I< 0:BB@??@:C@ N'*/3/-!* :'$$2-3"2++@ !"# 3@CP DG; 9G@D; BI>; =;E?=;RD@A; DGID =;EAIH;? fOH@R@I> H;R@?@:CBI_@CP

@C DG; &C@D;H *DID;? 8JJL922ROBB@CP?S +(,$!C:D; J!S ID cJckJg8JJJ(?IOEI .O>@H:S VK(+/- F/3 5'$ 0+ K/"'$/3/2+W> 6!3/"!+k'+R 0+2 '5 ?/, ?', !+ N2#!)')4 !"# A"32$,$23/12 F$!.27'$L 3'

B2)'3/!32 !"# :>S+(,$!C:D; ZcS ID cZi8


22/80

cZL 0BAC=89A;D EF 6E0A9CA66= 6GH 8=CA=H dV:>8 !e/!""

+'*6)C; ICH 0GOR_ 5 F;PIC O?@CP DG;@E A:@R;? @C G@= G:= I? I

E;A:>OD@:CIEQ B;RGIC@?B D: =:>@D@R@b; Q:ODGY I D::> N:E R:C?R@:O?C;??S;HORID@:CS ICH I9IE;C;?? :N DG; R:BB:C ?D;E;:DQ=;? :N DG; HIQ8 5O; D:G@= G:=[? F:>H ICH OCI=:>:P;D@R E;=E;?;CDID@:C :N DG; RO>DOE; :N @CC;E6R@DQQ:ODG D: BI@C?DE;IB $B;E@RIS DG; =OF>@R ;A;CDOI>>Q GIH C: RG:@R; FOD D:>@?D;C ICH IRR;=D I H@NN;E;CD E;I>@DQ8JJ!

\ICQ 0E@D@RI> 'IR; DG;:E@?D? F;>@;A; DGID I =E@CR@=I> :F?DIR>; D: P;CO@C;EIR@I> E;N:EB @C DG; &8*8 @? DG; BIf:E@DIE@IC B@CH?;D/ IC ;>Q>@B@D;H FOCH>; :N =E;?O==:?@D@:C?S E;R;@A;H 9@?H:B?S ICH ?GIE;H RO>DOEI>OCH;E?DICH@CP? DGID =;E?:C? @C DG; BIf:E@DQ FE@CP D: H@?RO??@:C? :N EIR;8JJc1: ICI>Qb; ICH RGI>>;CP; DG;?; =:9;E6>IH;C F;>@;N?S BICQ 0'1 =@:C;;E?;B=>:Q;H R:OCD;E?D:E@;?S =IEIF>;?S RGE:C@R>;?S ICH IC;RH:D;? I@B;H IDE;A;I>@CP DG; R:CD@CP;CRQS REO;>DQS ICH ?;>N6?;EA@CP CIDOE; :N BIf:E@DIE@ICEO>;8JJg *@B@>IE>QS G@= G:= E;A:>A;? IE:OCH ?D:EQD;>>@CP8 (C ;HORID@CP DG;G@=6G:= P;C;EID@:CS jEICHBI?D;E %>I?G ICH DG; %OE@:O? %@A; E;R:EH;H ;@R 3C;BQ NIB:O?>Q E;R:EH;H F/)>;RDOI> F:BF? @C DG;@E ;IE>Q R:OCD;ERO>DOEI> >;PI>9E@D@CP8 (C ;HORID@CP DG; >;PI> IRIH;BQS ICH DG; 9:E>H @C P;C;EI>S D: DG;H;;=>Q ;CDE;CRG;H EIR@?B OCH;E>Q@CP $B;E@RIC @C?D@DOD@:C?S 5;EE@R_ `;>>9E:D; DG; =E:N:OCH ;


23/80

ZLJLm :8A;A:G6 8G:= ;?=E8D GBM ;?= ?ANO?EN BG;AEB cZJ

'@RGIEH 5;>PIH: =OF>@?G;H DG; ;:?@A; ; 82-L'"/") 7/3< 0"-'"+-/'(+ 8!-/+.Y \IE@ \ID?OHI9E:D; 6''L/") 3' 3 j:DICHI =OF>@?G;H G :$/3/\(2 '5 hE($:'"+3/3(3/'" A+ :'*'$OP*/"#IRJJe 3IRG =OF>@RID@:C E;=E;?;CD;H IC ;NN:ED :C DG;=IED :N DG; 0'1 =@:C;;E? D: ;HORID; ICH ;C>@PGD;C DG; R@A@>6E@PGD?P;C;EID@:CS ;B;EP@CP ?RG:>IE? :N R:>:ES ICH DG; E;?D :N DG; >;PI> 9:E>H D: DG;@C;UO@D@;? ICH H@?RE@B@CID@:C @CG;E;CD @C I >;PI> ?Q?D;B DGID ?Q?D;BID@RI>>QH@?IHAICDIP;? B@C:E@DQ R@D@b;C? @C DG; &8*8

`:DG 0'1 ICH G@= G:= N:OCH I =:?D R@A@> E@PGD? ;EI A:@R; ICH O?;H DG@?A:@R; D: ;> @?SNOCHIB;CDI>>Q OCNI@E8 M@DG:OD H:OFDS F:DG B:A;B;CD? I>?: N:OCH ICIOH@;CR; DGID 9I? Q;IEC@CP N:E I A;G@R>; D: ?=;I_ DEODG D: =:9;EY @CH;;HSDG;Q GIH F;;C 9I@D@CP @C AI@C N:E I E;=E;?;CDID@A; A:@R; D: ;@DQ_C:9C FQ ?: BICQ :N DG; :==E;??;H ICH A:@R;>;??8 -@= G:= 9I? I ?:OER; :NAI>@HID@:C ICH IR_C:9>;HPB;CD N:E I P;C;EID@:C DGID GIH F;;C ?GOD :OD ICH?GOD H:9C8 0'1 ?;EA;H I ?@B@>IE NOCRD@:C N:E I =E:N;??@:CI> B:A;B;CDDGID GIH F;R:B; NEO?DEID;H 9@DG DG; NI@>OE; :N $B;E@RI D: >@A; O= D: @D?=E:B@?; :N ;UOI>@DQ ICH ?:R@I> fO?D@R;8 1:P;DG;ES DG;?; D9: B:A;B;CD? GIA;R:CA;EP;H @C ;


24/80

cZZ 0BAC=89A;D EF 6E0A9CA66= 6GH 8=CA=H dV:>8 !e/!""

RIB; ?::C IND;E ?;B@CI> E;>;I?;? FQ .OF>@R 3C;BQS ,8M8$8S `::P@; 5:9C

.E:HORD@:C? ICH +'*6)C;S ICH (R;618JZL

-@= G:= :=;C>Q ICH FEIb;C>QH;N@;H DEIH@D@:CI> >I9? ICH RGI>>;CP;H DG; ?DIDO? UO: IRE:?? DG; F:IEH8JZJ

5;?=@D; @CD;C?; RE@D@R@?B ICH BQE@IH IDD;B=D? ID @D? ;EIH@RID@:CSJZZG@=G:= GI? C:D fO?D ?OEA@A;HS FOD GI? N>:OE@?G;H ICH ;O;CR; :A;E I P;C;EID@:C8JZi MG@>; DG; @C@D@I> FIR_>I?G IPI@C?D G@= G:==E:A;H @C;NN;RD@A;S =E;?;CD6HIQ RE@D@R@?B R:CD@CO;?S ?:B; N:E P::H E;I?:C81G@? RE@D@R@?B BO?D F; E;R:PC@b;HJZ!ICH E;R:CR@>;H 9@DG G@= G:=[? B;??IP;:N ;B=:9;EB;CD ICH ?;>N6E;I>@bID@:C8JZc

JZL922 /#IY +22 !*+'Z(/#2 3' P*!-L ?/+3'$4S +(,$!C:D; "i ]H@?RO??@CP G@= G:= I? I pRO>DOEI> B:A;B;CDq ICH;OD@:C :N pPICP?DI EI=q ICH @D? F;P@CC@CP? 8

JZJ922 I>FOB? R@D;H +(,$! C:D;? egk"i ICH IRR:B=ICQ@CP D;DOE; DGID E:OD@C;>Q H;C@PEID;? B:E; DGIC GI>NDG; =:=O>ID@:Cu 1G; IC?9;E BO?D F; rC:8[ %:E G@=6G:= D: R:BBICH DG; B:EI> IODG:E@DQ DGIDS ID @D? F;?DS @DH;?;EA;?S @D BO?D IHHE;?? ?OF:EH@CID@:C 9@DG@C DG; G@=6G:= CID@:C8 1G; =E:F>;B F;?B@ERG;? G@=6G:=[?;OID@:C :N RE@B@CI> fO?D@R;8 -@=6G:=

BO?@R ICH A@H;:?S ;?=;R@I>>QS R:CDI@C DG; _@CH :N H;=@RD@:C? :N P;CH;E ICH ?;@DQ DGID 9; B@PGD ;;?R;CD F:Q?8q 8

JZc1G; H;AI?DID@CP B@?:PQCQS G:B:=G:F@IS ICH A@:>;CR; =E;AI>;CD @C ?:B; G@= G:= 9:E_? D: H;D;E BICQNE:B G;IE@CP ICH N;;>@CP DG; DEIC?N:EBID@A; B;??IP;? R:CDI@C;H @C DG:O?ICH? :N G@=6G:= ICDG;B? ICH >QE@R?8 922

)2"2$!**43H9IEH j8 $EB?DE:CPS Z!")+3! K/+')4"4> G :'"32"3 G"!*4+/+ '5 3>;CP; DG:?; B;??IP;? DGID ?;EA; D: @CfOE; B@C:E@DQ R:BBOC@D@;?8 1GID H;FID; @? F;Q:CH DG; ?R:=;:N DG@? =IED@RO>IE $ED@R>;S I>DG:OPG C:D F;Q:CH DG; ?R:=; :N DG; BICQ =E;?;CDID@:C? ICH =IC;>? H;>@A;E;H @CR:CC;RD@:C 9@DG DG@? $ED@R>;8 $? H@?RO??;H B;IC@CPNO>>Q ICH :ND;C ID ;A;EQ =E;?;CDID@:C R:CC;RD@CP DG@? DG;B;SDG; R:E=:EID@bID@:C :N G@= G:= @? :ND;C R:C?@H;E;H :C; :N DG; =E@BIEQ HE@A;E? F;G@CH DG; F>IDICD J""L? ?G@ND @C G@=G:= I9IQ NE:B E;A:>OD@:CIEQ PE:O=? ICH B;??IP@CP D:9IEH DG; pDGOP >@N;q ICH N;BI>; :Ff;RD@N@RID@:C B;??IP@CPH;>@A;E;H FQ B:?D BIf:E E;R:EH >IF;> IED@?D?8 922ICHEa H:OP>I? =:CH ROBB@CP?S $_@>IG %:>IB@S 58 $IE:C 2IRQSICH +IB@>>; M:>NNS .IC;> .E;?;CDID@:C ID 2ID0E@D 0:CN;E;CR;S $B;E@RIC &C@A;E?@DQ MI?G@CPD:C 0:>>;P; :N 2I9/1G; -@= -:= \:A;B;CD ID DG; (CD;E?;RD@:C :N 'IR;S 0>I?? ICH 0O>DOE;/ -@= -:= \O?@R[? 3NN;RD :C 2@N;S 2@F;EDQICH DG; .OE?O@D :N -I==@C;?? ])RD8 ZS ZLL" ]=IC;> H@?RO??@:C ;:E@CP DG; B@?:PQCQ ICH =E:B:D@:C :N A@:>;CR;@C G@= G:=S DG; E;I?:C? F;G@CH DG; B;??IP@CP ICH =:D;CD@I> ?DEID;P@;? D: R:BFID DG; R:E=:EID; B;??IP; 8 )C;

>;IH@CP ?RG:>IE ?OPP;?D? DGID BIf:E E;R:EH >IF;> R:E=:EID; ;Q p?;>;RDq DG; DGOP @BIP; I? DG; NIR; :N G@= G:= @C :EH;E D: =E:B:D; ?I>;? D: 9G@D; OEFIC Q:ODG 9G@>;IDD;B=D@CP D: ?UO;>RG DG; E;A:>OD@:CIEQ B;??IP;? H;>@A;E;H FQ BICQ =E:B@C;CD IED@?D? HOE@CP DGID =;E@:H8 922ICHEa H:OP>I? =:CH ROBB@CP?S $_@>IG %:>IB@S 58 $IE:C 2IRQS ICH +IB@>>; M:>NNS .IC;> .E;?;CDID@:C ID DG;$CCOI> $??:R@ID@:C N:E DG; *DOHQ :N 2I9S 0O>DOE; ICH DG; -OBIC@D@;? 0:CN;E;CR;S `E:9C &C@A;E?@DQ/ -@= -:=ICH DG; 2I9 ]\IE8 J"S ZLJL ]=IC;> H@?RO??@:C ;:E@CP DG; @B=IRD :N G@= G:= :C &8*8 >I9 ICH RO>DOE;S=IED@RO>IE>Q IHHE;??@CP DG; R:E=:EID@bID@:C :N G@= G:= @C DG; J""L? 8


25/80

ZLJLm :8A;A:G6 8G:= ;?=E8D GBM ;?= ?ANO?EN BG;AEB cZi

*@B@>IE>QS 9G;C 0'1 ;B;EP;H ICH F;PIC D: N@CH P;CO@C; DEIRD@:C @C

DG; >;PI> IRIH;BQS DG; RE@D@RI> FIR_>I?G NE:B DG; ;?DIF>@?GB;CD 9I? IR;EF@RICH @CD;C?;8 )N R:OE?;S DG:?; @CA;?D;H ICH ;CDE;CRG;H @C =E:D;RD@CPDEIH@D@:CI> >;PI> ?RG:>IE?G@= RE@D@R@b;H DG; ;B;EP@CP 0'1 ?RG:>IE?G@= I?OCPE:OCH;HS :A;E>Q =I??@:CID; ICH =:>;B@RS ICH C;@DG;E IRIH;B@R C:E@CD;>>;RDOI>8JZg 1G; DEIH@D@:CI> IRIH;BQ ?:OPGD D: ;; :N R:>:E ?GIE; I ?=;R@N@R :E OC@N@;H A:@R;SICH DG;E;N:E; ?G:O>H C:D F; E;R:PC@b;H I? NOCHIB;CDI>>Q @B=:EDICD :C@??O;? :N EIR;8JZe

1G; REOR@I> ;>;B;CD :N 0E@D@RI> 'IR; 1G;:EQ[? IPPE;??@A; ?D:EQD;>>@CPICH CIEEID@A; DEIH@D@:C @? DGID @D @CA@D;? DG; >;PI> IRIH;BQ D: pR:C?DEORD IC;9 9:E>Hq FQ pR:BF@C@CP ;>;B;CD? NE:B DG; ?D:EQ ICH ROEE;CD E;I>@DQ8qJZ"-:9;A;ES DG@? @CA@DID@:C D: R:C?DEORD I H@NN;E;CD E;I>@DQ 9I? E;?@?D;H 9@DGA@P:E8JiL 1G; :==:?@D@:C NE:B DG; DEIH@D@:CI> IRIH;BQ 9I? ;QRE@D@RI> ICHS B:E; DGIC >@_;>QS ;QRE@D@R@?BS 0E@D@RI> 'IR; ?RG:>IE? R:CD;CH;H DGID DG; B:A;B;CD 9I? @C @D?@CNICRQS ICH 9I? ?D@>> H;N@C@CP @D?;>N8JiZ *:B; 0'1 ?RG:>IE? 9:CH;E;H I>:OHIF:OD DG; RE@D@R?[ pEO?G D: fOHPB;CDq ICH :=;C>Q UO;?D@:C;H DG; B:D@A;? :NDG:?; BI_@CP ?ORG RIO?D@R IDDIR_? ?: ?::C IND;E DG; FOHH@CP :N DG; C;9B:A;B;CD8Jii

JZg9225$,(32 $8%$'`3'l *&y$,,$ *-3''4S `34),5 $22 '3$*),/1-3 '$5(0$2 $**$&21 ),1'&1- (, $\3'(0$, 2$MJZ ]J""K ];:E@CP pDG; B;RGIC@?B? DGID I>>:9 DG; EIH@RI>? D: IFICH:C R:BB:C?;C?; ICH IHG;E; D: I ?;D :N FI?@RI>>Q @B=>IO?@F>; F;>@;N?q Y +22 !*+''ICHI>> 28 +;CC;HQS8!-/!* :$/3/\(2+ '5 62)!*

G-!#2./!S JLZ -$'V828'3V8 JK!cS JK!ck!g ]J"e" 8 P(3 +22'@RGIEH 5;>PIH:S E" ;2**/") 93'$/2+ /" 9- G 82,*4 3'F!$J2$ !"# 9 $8 %IEF;E l *ObICCI *G;EEQS ;2**/") 93'$/2+ E(3 '5 9- G" =++!4 '" 62)!* B!$$!3/12+S !c

*1$,828'3V8eLKSeJ!kJc]J""i ]p';>ID;H D: DG; >IR_ :N ;A@H;CR; N:E DG; ;:ES9; GIA; N:OCH >@DD>; ;:EID@:C :N DG; R:CD;CD :N ?ORG I A:@R;8q Y +;CC;HQS +(,$!C:D; JZgS ID JKKe ]p`OD 9GIDS I?I NOCRD@:C :N EIR;S @? r?=;R@I>[ :E rH@?D@CRD[ IF:OD DG; ?RG:>IE?G@= :N B@C:E@DQ >;PI> IRIH;B@R?u 5:;? @D H@NN;EH@?R;EC@F>Q @C 9IQ? IDDE@FODIF>; D: EIR; NE:B 9:E_ =E:HOR;H FQ 9G@D; ?RG:>IE?u (N ?:S @C 9GID 9IQ? ICH D: 9GIDH;PE;; @? DG; 9:E_ :N R:>:E;H @CD;>>;RDOI>? H@NN;E;CD NE:B :E F;DD;E DGIC DG; 9:E_ :N 9G@D;?uq 8

JiJ922 +(,$!C:D;? JZgS JiLIJiZ922 '@RGIEH 5;>PIH:S ;Q

R:C?@?D;H :N N:OE :E N@A; F::_? ICH fO?D ZLL IED@R>;?8 A#I -; DG;C :NN;E;H/ p4;DS I COBF;E :N IODG:E? 8 8 8 9@?G D:EO?G D: ;?DIF>@?G RE@D;E@I D: ;AI>OID; DG; ?RG:>IE?G@=8 MGQuq A#I .E:N;??:E %IEF;ES IC :OD?=:_;C :==:C;CD :N0E@D@RI> 'IR; 1G;:EQS :=@C;H @C J""!/ p$? :N Q;DS C: R>;IE R:C?;C?O? ;


26/80

cZ! 0BAC=89A;D EF 6E0A9CA66= 6GH 8=CA=H dV:>8 !e/!""

,:D9@DG?DICH@CP DG; ;IE>Q IR;EF@R RE@D@UO;? ICH FIR_>I?GS F:DG G@= G:=

ICH 0'1 ?G::_ :NN DG; RE@D@R@?B ICH R:CDE:A;E?Q ICH R:CD@CO;H D: :NN;E=:9;ENO> I>D;ECID@A;? D: BI@C?DE;IB >;PI> ?RG:>IE?G@= ICH R:CD;B=:EIEQBO?@R8 0E@D@RI> 'IR; 1G;:EQ E;f;RD;H DG; RE@D@UO; ICH ?R:EC;H DG;@CA@DID@:C D: PE:OCH @D? E;>;AICR; @C DEIH@D@:CI> pIRR;=D;Hq B;DG:H:>:P@;?81EO; D: @D? =OE=:?; ICH DG; =:9;E :N @D? CIEEID@A;S 0'1 ?RG:>IE?;CH;IA:E;H D: =E:HOR; ?RG:>IE?G@= ICH IHA:RID; N:E DG; :==E;??;H ICHA:@R;>;?? ICH H@H ?:8 1G;Q R:CD@CO; D: H: ?: D:HIQTOCI=:>:P;D@RI>>Q80'1[? ?>:9 FOEC R:CD@CO;? D:HIQ I? ;A@H;CR;H FQ @D? =:9;ENO> B:A;B;CDIRE:?? H@?R@=>@C;? ICH I H;;= >;P@D@BIRQ PI@C;H DGE:OPG @D? OEP;CRQ ICHIHG;E;CD?8 -@= G:= ?@B@>IE>Q E;FONN;H DG; FIR_>I?GS ICH @D? IED@?D? RE;ID;HSN:E I D@B;S DG; B:?D =:9;ENO>>Q E;>;AICD ICH RE@D@RI> BO?@R :N @D? P;C;EID@:C80E@D@RI> 'IR; 1G;:EQ ICH G@= G:= F:DG R:CD@CO;H D: PE:9 @C @CN>O;CR; ICH

E;IRG8 1G;E; IE; AI>@H ICH @B=:EDICD ;;HP@CP DG; 9;I_C;??;? :N ;IRG B:A;B;CD H:;? C:D OCH;EB@C; DG;RE@D@RI> @B=:EDICR; :N F:DG8Ji! 1: DG; R:CDEIEQS IRD@A; IR_C:9>;HPB;CD ICHICI>Q?@? :N RE@D@R@?B? F:EC; NE:B ;>Q H@A;E?; CIEEID@A;?T:ND;C;CR:B=I??@CP DG:?; :N DG; ?DIDO? UO:T:C>Q ;B=GI?@b;? DG; @CR>O?@:CIEQN:OCHID@:CI> =E@CR@=>;? O=:C 9G@RG F:DG B:A;B;CD? 9;E; N:OCH;H8

:I F'("#2$+

1G; >IOCRG@CP :N 0'1 ?GIE;? I =IEI>>;> OC@A;E?; 9@DG G@= G:=[?@CR;=D@:CS ICH DG; FIR_>I?G IPI@C?D G@= G:= B@EE:E? DG; @C@D@I> IRIH;B@RE;f;RD@:C :N 0'18 *D@>>S I B:E; @CDE@PO@CP =IEI>>;> ; N:OCH;E? :N 0E@D@RI> 'IR; 1G;:EQ ICH G@= G:=[? ;IE>Q=@:C;;E?8 (C ?@PC@N@RICD 9IQ?S DG; ;IE>Q DG;B;? H;>@A;E;H FQ 0'1 =@:C;;E?ICH DG; =:>@D@RI> RE@D@UO;? :NN;E;H FQ G@=6G:= N:OCH;E?S 9G@>; H@NN;E;CD @CH;>@A;EQ ICH R:CD;>Q ?@B@>IE @C DG;B;S D:C;S ICH ;NN;RD8\@>>@:C? :N $B;E@RIC?S ICH ;A;CDOI>>Q GOCHE;H? :N B@>>@:C? :N GOBIC F;@CP?9:E>H9@H;S 9;E; @C?=@E;HS B:A;HS ICH -


27/80

ZLJLm :8A;A:G6 8G:= ;?=E8D GBM ;?= ?ANO?EN BG;AEB cZc

?=IR; I>@;C?S .E:N;??:E `;>>T@C =E:=G;D@R NI?G@:CTH;?RE@F;H I CID@:C DGID

9:O>H O>D@BID;>Q 9@>>@CP>Q ?IRE@N@R; @D? ;CD@E; $NE@RIC $B;E@RIC =:=O>ID@:C@C DEIH; N:E N@?RI> ICH ;CA@E:CB;CDI> ?DIF@>@DQ @C DG; D9;CDQ6N@E?D R;CDOEQ8Jic';IH@CP ;>@CP ICH H;AI?DID@CP I? `;>>IRROEID;>Q =E;H@RD? DG; R:CD@CO@CP EIR@?B ICH H@?RE@B@CID@:C DGID R:CD@CO;?B:E; DGIC DG@EDQ Q;IE? IND;E 0'1[? N:OCH@CP8 `;>>[? F:>H ICH ?G:R_@CPRE@D@UO; E;?:CID;H I? =OE; ICH DEO; 9@DG B@C:E@DQ IRIH;B@R? O=:C E;>;I?;SICH @C?=@E;H I P;C;EID@:C :N ?RG:>IE? D: RE@D@RI>>Q ; E@PGD?B:A;B;CD DGID GIH F;;C GI@>;H I? E;A:>OD@:CIEQ fO?D I H;RIH; ;IE>@;E8

(C H;?RE@F@CP DG; BQDG@RI> ?IRE@N@R; :N $NE@RIC $B;E@RIC? D: ?=IR; I>@;C?@C ;> 9E:D;/

1G:OPG ?;>H:B IR_C:9>;HP@CP DG; NIRDS B:?D FO?@C;?? >;IH;E? OCH;E?D::H

DGID F>IR_? 9;E; REOR@I> @C ?DIF@>@b@CP DG; ;R:C:BQ 9@DG @D? ;A;E6@CRE;I?@CPH@?=IE@DQ F;D9;;C DG; @CR:B;? :N E@RG ICH =::E8 1G;Q E;R:PC@b;H DGID=:D;CD@I>>Q DOEFO>;CD OCE;?D IB:CP DG:?; :C DG; F:DD:B 9I? H;N>;RD;H FQDG; R:CD@CO@CP ;NN:ED? :N =::E;E 9G@D;? D: ;C?OE; DGID DG;QS ID >;I?DSE;BI@C;H IG;IH :N F>IR_?8 (N F>IR_? 9;E; E;B:A;H NE:B DG; ?:R@;DQS9:E_@CP6 ICH B@HH>;6R>I?? 9G@D;?TH;=E@A;H :N DG;@E EIR@I> H@?DEIRD@:CTB@PGD >::_ O=9IEH D:9IEH DG; D:= :N DG; ?:R@;DI> 9;>> ICH E;I>@b; DGID DG;QI? 9;>> I? DG; F>IR_? F;>:9 DG;B ?ONN;E;H F;RIO?; :N DG; PE:?? H@?=IE@D@;? @C:==:EDOC@D@;? ICH @CR:B;8Jig

(C ?G@C@CP >@PGD :C ?ORG ;R:C:B@R H@?=IE@DQ @C DG; &C@D;H *DID;?S ICH @CG@? I?DOD; :F?;EAID@:C DGID DG; ;R:C:BQ REOBF>;? 9@DG:OD =>IR;B;CD :N$NE@RIC $B;E@RIC? ID DG; F:DD:B :N DG; ;R:C:B@R =;R_@CP :EH;ES `;>>

=E:A@H;? I 9@DG;E@CP RE@D@UO; :N DG; ;R:C:B@R ;>@D; ICH RGI>>;CP;? =;:=>; :NR:>:E D: N@PGD IPI@C?D DG; ?DIDO? UO: ICH E;?O>D@CP =;R_@CP :EH;E8

$HH@D@:CI>>QS @C ;> RGICC;>? DG:?; 9G@D;$B;E@RIC? DGID 9:O>H ; I>> $NE@RIC $B;E@RIC? NE:B DG; &C@D;H *DID;?/

1G; %EIB;E? @CD;CH;H $B;E@RI D: F; I 9G@D; R:OCDEQ8 1G; ;A@H;CR; :NDG;@E @CD;CD@:C? @? =E;?;CD @C DG; :E@P@CI> 0:C?D@DOD@:C8 $ND;E B:E; DGIC IGOCHE;H ICH DG@EDQ6?;A;C Q;IE? :N P::H6NI@DG ;NN:ED? D: FO@>H I G;I>DGQS?DIF>; @CD;EEIR@I> CID@:CS 9; GIA; R:CR>OH;HTI? DG; %EIB;E? H@H @C DG;F;P@CC@CPTDGID :OE ?OEA@AI> D:HIQ E;UO@E;? DGID 9; ?IRE@N@R; DG; E@PGD? :NF>IR_? @C :EH;E D: =E:D;RD ICH NOEDG;E DG; @CD;E;?D? :N 9G@D;?8 1G; %EIB;E?[;; BO?D F; :OE PO@H;8 .IDE@:D@?BS ICH C:D =@DQS BO?D P:A;EC :OE

Jic5;EE@R_ ;>>S ;


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cZg 0BAC=89A;D EF 6E0A9CA66= 6GH 8=CA=H dV:>8 !e/!""

H;R@?@:C8 M; ?G:O>H EID@NQ DG; IB;CHB;CD ICH IRR;=D DG; *=IR; 1EIH;E?[

=E:=:?@D@:C8JiK

(C ;> ?:OPGD D: RI=DOE; ICH ;ID;CD G:?D@>@DQ G;>H FQ BICQ 9G@D;? @C DG; &C@D;H *DID;? IPI@C?D $NE@RIC$B;E@RIC?8 1G@? ;; ?OE=E@?@CP D: ?:B;S ?:OCH;H G:C;?D ICHNIB@>@IE D: BICQS =IED@RO>IE>Q DG:?; B@C:E@D@;? ICH :DG;E? DGID >@A;H ICH9:E_;H @C DG; CID@:C[? RE:??GI@E? :N DG; RE@B@CI> fO?D@R; ?Q?D;B ICHH:B@CICD >;PI> E;P@B;8

(C IC ;A;C B:E; HEIBID@R NI?G@:CS .E:N;??:E `;>> H;A;>:=;H ICH@CDE:HOR;H G@? p(CD;E;?D 0:CA;EP;CR; 1G;:EQq I? =;EGI=? G@? B:?D;:?@A; R:CDE@FOD@:C D: DG; ;IE>Q 0E@D@RI> 'IR; 1G;:EQ E;A:>OD@:C/

1EIC?>ID;H NE:B fOH@R@I> IRD@A@DQ @C EIR@I> RI?;? F:DG F;N:E; ICH IND;EP$'7"d1I P'!$# '5 =#(-!3/'"mS DG@? =E@CR@=>; :N p@CD;E;?D R:CA;EP;CR;q =E:A@H;?/1G; @CD;E;?D :N F>IR_? @C IRG@;A@CP EIR@I> ;UOI>@DQ 9@>> F; IRR:BB:HID;H:C>Q 9G;C @D R:CA;EP;? 9@DG DG; @CD;E;?D? :N 9G@D;?8 -:9;A;ES DG;N:OED;;CDG IB;CHB;CDS ?DICH@CP I>:C;S 9@>> C:D IODG:E@b; I fOH@R@I>E;B;HQ =E:A@H@CP ;NN;RD@A; EIR@I> ;UOI>@DQ N:E F>IR_? 9G;E; DG; E;B;HQ?:OPGD DGE;ID;C? DG; ?O=;E@:E ?:R@;DI> ?DIDO? :N B@HH>; ICH O==;E R>I??9G@D;?8

(D N:>>:9? DGID DG; IAI@>IF@>@DQ :N N:OED;;CDG IB;CHB;CD =E:D;RD@:C @CEIR@I> RI?;? BIQ C:D IRDOI>>Q F; H;D;EB@C;H FQ DG; RGIEIRD;E :N GIEB?ONN;E;H FQ F>IR_? :E DG; UOICDOB :N >@IF@>@DQ =E:A;H IPI@C?D 9G@D;?8'IR@I> E;B;H@;? BIQ @C?D;IH F; DG; :OD9IEH BIC@N;?DID@:C? :N OC?=:_;C

ICH =;EGI=? ?OFR:C?R@:O? fOH@R@I> R:CR>O?@:C? DGID DG; E;B;H@;?S @NPEICD;HS 9@>> ?;ROE;S IHAICR;S :E ID >;I?D C:D GIEB ?:R@;DI> @CD;E;?D?H;;B;H @B=:EDICD FQ B@HH>; ICH O==;E R>I?? 9G@D;?8Jie

.E:N;??:E `;>>[? (CD;E;?D 0:CA;EP;CR; 1G;:EQ ?UOIE;>Q IRRO?;H DG;9G@D; BI>; =E@A@>;P;H fOH@R@IEQ ICH >;P@?>IDOE;? :N :C>Q ?O==:ED@CP ;UOI>@DQN:E $NE@RIC $B;E@RIC? @C DG; &C@D;H *DID;? 9G;C @D H:A;DI@>;H 9@DG ICH?O==:ED;H DG; @CD;E;?D? DGID =;E=;DOID;H :E IHAICR;H 9G@D; =E@A@>;P;8`I?@CP G@? (CD;E;?D 0:CA;EP;CR; 1G;:EQ :C DG; P$'7" 1I P'!$# '5 =#(-!3/'"Ji"RI?;S `;>> =:?@D;H DGID DG; P$'7" H;R@?@:C 9I? BIH; C:D D: =E:A@H; ;UOI>:==:EDOC@DQ D: F>IR_?S FOD EIDG;E D: @B=E:A; DG; @BIP; :N DG; &C@D;H *DID;?@C DG; J"cL? I? DG; pF;>>9;DG;Eq CID@:C :N ;UOI>@DQ D: 1G@EH M:E>H CID@:C?S

JiKA#IID JeKkee8Jie`;>>@ +(,$!C:D; ZcS ID cZi8Ji"i!K &8*8 !ei ]J"c! 8


29/80

ZLJLm :8A;A:G6 8G:= ;?=E8D GBM ;?= ?ANO?EN BG;AEB cZK

@C =IED@RO>IE D: DG:?; DGID ?O==:ED;H R:BBOC@?B8J!L 1G@? @? R;EDI@C>Q I

H;AI?DID@CP IRRO?ID@:C N:E DG:?; DGID GI@> P$'7" 1I P'!$# '5 =#(-!3/'" I?$B;E@RI[? IR_C:9>;HPB;CD ICH E;I>@bID@:C :N @D? EIR@?D G@?D:EQ ICH @D? N@E?D;NN:ED D: E;B;HQ @D? GID;NO> ICH H@?RE@B@CID:EQ =I?D8

WO?D I? .E:N;??:E `;>>[? A;EQ =E;?;CR; ICH @CD;C?;>Q =E:A:RID@A; D;IRG@CPICH 9E@D@CP RE;ID;H I N@E;?D:EB :N R:CDE:A;E?Q ICH E;R:PC@D@:CS ?@B@>IE>QS9G;C 0GOR_ 5 ICH .OF>@R 3C;BQ E;R:EH;H ICH E;>;I?;HA3 ;!L2+ ! B!3/'" '5K/**/'"+ 3' ?'*# 0+ P!-LS F2!$ '5 ! P*!-L N*!"23S ICH G,'-!*4,+2 R^]> ;Q .OF>@R 3C;BQ[? B:?D R;>;FEID;H IED@?D@RR:CDE@FOD@:CS ICH DG; DG;B; D: *=@_; 2;;[? R:CDE:A;E?@I> B:D@:C =@RDOE; M'3> ';R:EH? J"ei 8

J!i9225) 1-3 '(j-1 1-(,j]!L $RE;? ICH I \O>; %@>B9:E_?h&C@A;E?I> .@RDOE;? J"e" 8


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cZe 0BAC=89A;D EF 6E0A9CA66= 6GH 8=CA=H dV:>8 !e/!""

\Q F;>:A;HS >;D[? P;D H:9C D: FO?@C;??Y

\;CDI> ?;>N H;N;C?@A; N@DC;??Y]4:^ `OB EO?G DG; ?G:9Y4:O P:DDI P: N:E 9GID Q:O _C:9Y1: BI_; ;A;EQF:HQ ?;;S @C :EH;E D: N@PGD DG; =:9;E? DGID F;Y2;BB; G;IE QI ?IQY%@PGD DG; .:9;E8

8 8 8 83>A@? 9I? I G;E: D: B:?DY`OD G; C;A;E B;ICD ?G@D D: B; Q:O ?;;Y*DEI@PGD O= EIR@?DS DGID ?OR_;E 9I??@B=>; ICH =>I@CY\:DG;ENOR_ G@B ICH W:GC MIQC;Yr0IO?; ([B F>IR_ ICH ([B =E:OHY

([B E;IHQ ICH GQ=;H =>O? ([B IB=;HY\:?D :N BQ G;E:;? H:C[D I==;IE :C C: ?DIB=?Y*IB=>; I >::_ FIR_S Q:O >::_ ICH N@CHY,:DG@CP FOD E;HC;R_? N:E !LL Q;IE? @N Q:O RG;R_8J!!

1: B@>>@:C? :N $B;E@RIC? D:HIQS DG; NIB@>@IE ?DEI@C? :NF/) ICDG;B :NE;A:>OD@:C ICH H@?R:CD;CD8J!c

%OEDG;ES @C DG; ?DIE_ RE@D@UO; :N $B;E@RI[? B@>@DIEQ ICH @D? @CHO?DE@I>

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31/80

ZLJLm :8A;A:G6 8G:= ;?=E8D GBM ;?= ?ANO?EN BG;AEB cZ"

1: RE@D@R@b; B; N:E ?:B; RE@B;S ,;A;E DG; >;??Y

1G;Q R:O>H C:D OCH;E?DICH DGID ([B I `>IR_ BICY$CH ( R:O>H C;A;E F; I A;D;EICY)C DG; ?DE;CPDGS DG; ?@DOID@:C[? OCE;I>Y( P:D I EI9 H;I>S ?: ([B P:@C[ N:E DG; ?D;;>8

1G;Q P:D B; E:DD@C[ @C DG; D@B; DGID ([B ?;EA@C[Y 1;>>@C[ Q:O 9GIDGI==;C;H DG; ?IB; D@B; DG;Q[E; DGE:9@C[Y%:OE :N O? =IR_;H @C I R;>> >@_; ?>IA;?T:G 9;>>Y1G; ?IB; B:DG;ENOR_;E P:D O? >@A@C[ @C G@? G;>>Y4:O GIA; D: E;I>@b;S DGID @D[? I N:EB :N ?>IA;EQ :EPIC@b;HY&CH;E I ?9IEB :N H;A@>?S ?DEI@PGD O=T9:EH r;B O= :C DG; >;A;>Y1G; E;I?:C? IE; ?;A;EI>S B:?D :N DG;B N;H;EI>8J!g

(C P*!-L 9322* /" 3 ;@NQ@CP DG@;A;? ICH HEOP H;I>;E?^SG 62332$ 3' 3DEI6C;PID@A; ?D:E@;? ICH =OF>@R@DQ IF:OD G@= G:= @C P;C;EI> ICH .OF>@R3C;BQ @C =IED@RO>IE^S Z23 3

GDD=/hh9998Q:ODOF;8R:Bh9IDRGuAvbB@\%A1'bP( ]>I?D A@?@D;H \IQ "S ZLJL 8J!KA#IJ!e$.)0$24.*3 ["JS+(,$! C:D; J!J8J!"A#IJcL922@ 2I)IS $??:R@ID;H .E;??S=1!" K2!-

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ciL 0BAC=89A;D EF 6E0A9CA66= 6GH 8=CA=H dV:>8 !e/!""

0GOR_ 5 E;NO?;H D: =>IQ R:CR;ED? @C DG; ?DID;S ;CR:OEIP;H I CID@:C9@H;

F:QR:DDS ICH DG;C =;CC;H DG;?; N@;ER; EGQB;?/';IH F;D9;;C DG; >@C;?Y1G;C Q:O ?;; DG; >@;Y.:>@D@RI>>Q =>ICC;HY`OD OCH;E?DICH DGID[? I>> ?G; 9E:D;YMG;C 9; ?;; DG; E;I> ?@H;Y1GID G@H; F;G@CH DG; A:D;Y1G;Q RIC[D OCH;E?DICH 9GQ G; DG; BICY([B ?@CP@C IF:OD I +@CPY1G;Q H:C[D >@_; @DYMG;C ( H;R@H; D: B@R @DYMI@DS ([B 9I@D@C[ N:E DG; HID;Y%:E DG; BIC 9G: H;BICH? E;?=;RDYr0IO?; G; 9I? PE;IDS R:B; :CY([B :C DG; :C; B@??@:CY1: P;D I =:>@D@R@ICY1: G:C:E :E G;[? I P:C;EY`Q DG; D@B; ( P;D D: $E@b:CI8JcJ

.OF>@R 3C;BQ[? ;B;EP;CR; I? I &8*8 RO>DOEI> =G;C:B;C:C ICH ;A;CDOI>P>:FI> G;IAQ9;@PGD RICC:D F; :A;E?DID;H8 .OF>@R 3C;BQ @C DG; >ID; J"eL?ICH ;IE>Q J""L? 9I? IC @CRE;H@F>Q @B=:EDICD N@DOE; >ICH?RI=;8 \@>>@:C? :N $NE@RIC $B;E@RICS 2ID@C:S $?@ICS ICH 9G@D;RG@>HE;CS D;;CIP;E?S ICH Q:OCP IHO>D? B;B:E@b;H DG; B:?D ;:?@A; :N0GOR_ 5[? >QE@R?S ICH @CD;ECI>@b;H DG; =:>@D@RI> B;??IP;? ;?=:O?;H FQ DG@?

?;B@CI> PE:O=8

5;EE@R_ `;>> ICH 0GOR_ 5S NE:B DG;@E H@NN;E;CD 9:E>H?S H;>@A;E ?GIE;HE;I>@D@;? ICH B;??IP;?8 .E:N;??:E `;>>S @C ;H 9G;E; 9G@D; R@D@b;C? >@D;EI>>Q FIED;E :A;E DG; R:CD@CO;H;>[? H;?RE@=D@:C @? R:>HS ?DIE_S ICH@C;A@DIF>;8 `Q NEIB@CP DG; O>D@BID; H;R@?@:C FQ 9G@D;? D: ; $NE@RIC$B;E@RIC? I? I E;I?:C;H R:CR>O?@:C ]@8;8S ?IRE@N@R; DG;B D: ?IA; O?^S G;BI_;? DG; R:CC;RD@:C D: E;I>@DQ B:E; ?DE:CP>Q DGIC @N G; GIH ?D;==;H :OD :NG@? CIEEID@A; D: =OCRDOID; G@? =:@CD ]@8;8S DG@? @? ;Q G:9 F>IR_? IE; F;@CPDE;ID;H D:HIQ^8 0GOR_ 5S @C P*!-L 9322* /" 3@R;C;BQ8R:Bh@CH;I?D A@?@D;H %;F8 J!S ZLJL 8


33/80

ZLJLm :8A;A:G6 8G:= ;?=E8D GBM ;?= ?ANO?EN BG;AEB ciJ

@C;A@DIF>; CIEEID@:C8 (C ?=@CC@CP G@? =E@?:C @CHO?DE@I> R:B=>;< CIEEID@A;S

0GOR_ 5 E;>@;? O=:C =:D;CD =:>@D@RI> ?DID;B;CD? D: R:CC;RD DG; NICDI?Q :NDG@? =IED@RO>IE =E@?:C DI>; 9@DG DG; EIR@I> E;I>@DQ NIR;H FQ OEFIC Q:ODG8 `:DG;>HEI9? :C DG; >:CP $B;E@RIC DEIH@D@:C :N EIR@I> R:CA;C@;CR; DGID GI?=E;A;CD;H ?@PC@N@RICD IHAICR;B;CD D:9IEH ;UOI>@DQ ICH ?:R@I> fO?D@R;8.OF>@R 3C;BQ HEI9? :C I G@?D:E@RI> H;=DG DGID @? fO


34/80

ciZ 0BAC=89A;D EF 6E0A9CA66= 6GH 8=CA=H dV:>8 !e/!""

SI 8/-PIH: ?GIE;? I =:D;CD _@C?G@= 9@DG (R; 0OF; ICH DG;pHICP;E:O?q G@=6G:= PE:O= ,8M8$8 MG;C .E:N;??:E 5;>PIH: =OF>@?G;H; E@PGD? p; E;IH@CP :N DG; @CC;E R@ER>; IED@R>;? ?OPP;?D? DGID BICQ :N DG;IF:A; B;CD@:C;H =E:F>;B? ICH =@DNI>>? IE; C:D ?@B=>Q GQ=:DG;D@RI>S FOD H:@C NIRD :RROE8 $ COBF;E :N DG; IODG:E? 9;E; OCI9IE; :N FI?@R NIRD? IF:ODDG; ?@DOID@:C @C 9G@RG B@C:E@DQ =;E?:C? >@A; :E 9IQ? @C 9G@RG DG;Q ?;; DG;9:E>H8 %E:B DG; A@;9=:@CD :N I B@C:E@DQ B;BF;ES DG; I??;ED@:C? ICHIEPOB;CD? BIH; FQ C:CB@C:E@DQ IODG:E? 9;E; ?:B;D@B;? ?: CI|A; I? D:?;;B @CR:B=E;G;C?@F>; ICH GIEH>Q B;E@D ?;E@:O? R:C?@H;EID@:C8 8 8 8

(C IHH@D@:C D: NIRDOI> @PC:EICR; :E CI@A;DaS ?:B; :N DG; 9E@D@CP ?ONN;E;HNE:B I NI@>OE; :N ;B=IDGQS IC @CIF@>@DQ D: ?GIE; DG; AI>O;?S H;?@E;?S ICH=;E?=;RD@A;? :N DG; =:=O>ID@:C 9G:?; E@PGD? IE; OCH;E R:C?@H;EID@:C8Jcc

*@DD@CP R:BN:EDIF>Q ID:= DG; R@A@> E@PGD? @A:EQ D:9;E ICH :=@C@CP NE:B I=>IR; H;A:@H :N IODG;CD@R ;;IH@CP R@A@> E@PGD? IODG:E? :N DG;D@B; 9;E; OCH:OFD;H>Q ?DOCC;H ID .E:N;??:E 5;>PIH:[? G@PG>Q RGIEP;HIRRO?ID@:C :N GQ=:RE@?Q8 .E:N;??:E 5;>PIH:[? R>I@B 9I? IC IRRO?ID@:C :NC;P>@P;CR; ID F;?D ICH R:C?R@:O? EIR@?B ID 9:E?D8 4;D ICH ?D@>>S 5;>PIH:

Jci'@RGIEH 5;>PIH:S ;


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ZLJLm :8A;A:G6 8G:= ;?=E8D GBM ;?= ?ANO?EN BG;AEB cii

>;A@;H DG; R>I@B? ICH HE:==;H DG; F:BFS R:C?;UO;CR;? F; HIBC;H8 %:E DG;

Q:OCP ?RG:>IE? R:B@CP O=S 5;>PIH:[? F:>H ICH FEI?G @CH@RDB;CD :N DG;p=:9;E? DGID F;q 9I? I E;BIE_IF>; B:B;CDS 9G;E; DEODG 9I? DEO>Q ?=:_;CD: =:9;EY I B:B;CD DGID ;BF:>H;C;H DG; ;B;EP@CP 0'1 P;C;EID@:C8

2ID;ES @C NO>>Q ;BFEIR@CP G@? E:>; I? I 0E@D@RI> 'IR; 1G;:EQ N:OCH;ES.E:N;??:E 5;>PIH: IODG:E;HG N*2! 5'$ B!$$!3/12JcK9G@RG ?;EA;H I? I E;?=:C?;D: DG; A@DE@:>@R FIR_>I?G IPI@C?D 0'1 ICH ;A;CDOI>>Q F;RIB; DG; F>O;=E@CDIED@R>; N:E Q:OCP ?RG:>IE? D: N:>>:9 @C R:B=E;G;CH@CP CIEEID@A; ?RG:>IE?G@=ICH IODG:E@CP 0E@D@RI> 'IR; =@;R;? :N @B=:ED8Jce (C G N*2! 5'$ B!$$!3/12S.E:N;??:E 5;>PIH: =E:N:OCH>Q =:?@D?/

1G; ?D:E@;? :N :ODPE:O=? I@B D: ?OFA;ED DGID @CPE:O= E;I>@DQ8 (C R@A@> E@PGD?SN:E ;;S BICQ @C DG; BIf:E@DQ G:>H DGID ICQ @C;UOI>@DQ F;D9;;C F>IR_?

ICH 9G@D;? @? HO; ;@DG;E D: RO>DOEI> >IPS :E @CIH;UOID; ;CN:ER;B;CD :NROEE;CD>Q ; >I9?TF:DG :N 9G@RG IE; ;I?@>Q R:EE;RDIF>;8%:E BICQ B@C:E@DQ =;E?:C?S DG; =E@CR@=I> @C?DEOB;CD :N DG;@E?OF:EH@CID@:C @? C;@DG;E :N DG;?;8 'IDG;ES @D @? DG; =E;AI@>@CP ./"#+23 FQB;IC? :N 9G@RG B;BF;E? :N DG; H:B@CICD PE:O= fO?D@NQ DG; 9:E>H I? @D @?SDGID @?S 9@DG 9G@D;? :C D:= ICH FE:9C? ICH F>IR_? ID DG; F:DD:B8

*D:E@;?S =IEIF>;?S RGE:C@R>;?S ICH CIEEID@A;? IE; =:9;ENO> B;IC? N:EH;?DE:Q@CP B@CH?;DTDG; FOCH>; :N =E;?O==:?@D@:C?S E;R;@A;H 9@?H:B?S ICH?GIE;H OCH;E?DICH@CP? IPI@C?D I FIR_PE:OCH :N 9G@RG >;PI> ICH =:>@D@RI>H@?R:OE?; DI_;? =>IR;8 1G;?; BIDD;E? IE; EIE;>Q N:RO?;H :C8 1G;Q IE; >@_;;Q;P>I??;? 9; GIA; 9:EC I >:CP D@B;8 1G;Q IE; C;IE>Q @CA@?@F>;Y 9; O?;DG;B D: ?RIC ICH @CD;E=E;D DG; 9:E>H ICH :C>Q EIE;>Q ;A;?8 (H;:>:PQTDG; E;R;@A;H 9@?H:dBmTBI_;? ROEE;CD ?:R@I>IEEICP;B;CD? ?;;B NI@E ICH CIDOEI>8 1G:?; @C =:9;E ?>;;= 9;>> ID C@PGDTDG;@E R:CHORD H:;? C:D ?;;B D: DG;B >@_; :==E;??@:C8

1G; ROE; @? ?D:EQD;>>@CP ]:E I? ( ?GI>> ?:B;D@B;? RI>> @DS R:OCD;E?D:EQD;>>@CP^8$? 5;EE@R_ `;>>S `EOC: `;DD;>G;@BS ICH :DG;E? ?G:9S ?D:E@;? RIC ?GIDD;ER:B=>IR;CRQ ICH RGI>>;CP; DG; ?DIDO? UO:8 8 8 8

8 8 8 8

1EIH@D@:CI> >;PI> 9E@D@CP =OE=:ED? D: F; C;ODEI> ICH H@?=I??@:CID;>QICI>QD@RI>S FOD D:: :ND;C @D @? C:D8 (C =IEDS DG@? @? ?: F;RIO?; >;PI> 9E@D;E?EIE;>Q N:RO? :C DG;@E :9C B@CH?;D?S DG; E;R;@A;H 9@?H:B? DGID ?;EA; I?

JcK5;>PIH:S+(,$!C:D; !J8Jce922 /#IID Z!JikJ!S Z!!J8


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ci! 0BAC=89A;D EF 6E0A9CA66= 6GH 8=CA=H dV:>8 !e/!""

DG;@E ?DIED@CP =:@CD?S DG;B?;>A;? C: B:E; DGIC ?D:E@;?S DGID >@; F;G@CH DG;@E

UOI?@6?R@;CD@N@R ?DE@CP :N H;HORD@:C?8 1G; ?O==:?;H>Q :Ff;RD@A; =:@CD :NA@;9 :ND;C B@?RGIEIRD;E@b;?S B@C@B@b;?S H@?B@??;?S :E H;E@H;? 9@DG:OD NO>>QOCH;E?DICH@CP :==:?@CP A@;9=:@CD?8 (B=>Q@CP DGID :Ff;RD@A;S R:EE;RDIC?9;E? RIC F; P@A;C D: >;PI> UO;?D@:C? I>?: :F?ROE;? DG; B:EI> ICH=:>@D@RI> AI>O; fOHPB;CD? DGID >@; ID DG; G;IED :N ICQ >;PI> @CUO@EQ8

2;PI> ?D:EQD;>>@CP @? IC ;CP@C; FO@>D D: GOE> E:R_? :A;E 9I>>? :N ?:R@I>R:B=>IR;CRQ DGID :F?ROE; DG; A@;9 :OD NE:B DG; R@DIH;>8 `OD DG; E:R_? I>>GIA; B;??IP;? D@;H D: DG;B DGID DG; H;N;CH;E? RICC:D G;>= FOD E;IH8 1G;B;??IP;? ?IQS >;D O? _C:R_ H:9C DG; 9I>>?S ICH O?; DG; F>:R_? D: =IA; IE:IH 9; RIC I>> 9I>_ D:P;DG;E8Jc"

(CG N*2! 5'$ B!$$!3/12S .E:N;??:E 5;>PIH: @??O;H I F:>H pRI>> D: IEB?q D:

DG:?; @C DG; IRIH;BQS OEP@CP I C;9 R:CR;=DOI>@bID@:C :N IRIH;B@R?RG:>IE?G@=Y :C; DGID R;CD;E? :C CIEEID@A;S =;E?:CI> ?D:EQD;>>@CPS ICHR:OCD;E6?D:EQD;>>@CP @C :EH;E D: p_C:R_ H:9Cq 9I>>? ICH H;?DE:Q ;CDE;CRG;H=IEIH@PB?8JgL -; ?@BO>DIC;:O?>Q E;f;RD;H DG; ?IRE;H DEIH@D@:CI> >;PI>?RG:>IE?G@= I? C;ODEI>S H@?=I??@:CID;S ICH =OE;>Q ICI>QD@RI>8

(C F:DG ;I??IO>D H@E;RD>Q RGI>>;CP;H DG; B:E;? :N 9G@D; =E@A@>;P; @C DG; >;PI> IRIH;BQICH =EIRD@R; :N >I9S I?_@CP 9GQ pIODG;CD@Rq >;PI> ?RG:>IE?G@= @?TICH R:O>HF;T'"*4DGID A:@R;H FQ DG; =E@A@>;P;H ICH ;CDE;CRG;H8 *;R:CHS DG; I??IO>D:C DG; E;IE N>IC_? 9I? DG; R>IE@:C RI>> D: ;A;EQ ?RG:>IE :N R:>:E ICH ;B;EP@CP

'(3+/#2$ ?RG:>IE ICH >I9Q;E D: I C;9 ICH H@NN;E;CD R:CR;=DOI>@bID@:C FQ9G@RG >;PI> ?RG:>IE?G@= R:O>H F; =E;?;CD;H ICH >;PI> =EIRD@R; R:CHORD;H81EODGNO>>QS '@RGIEH 5;>PIH:[? 9E@D@CP? 9;E; A@:>;CD E;f;RD@:C? :N DG; ?DIDO?UO: ICD;8 $CHS I? RGE:C@R>;H IF:A;S DG; DEIH@D@:CI> IRIH;B@R E;?=:C?;? D:5;>PIH:[? C;9 R:CR;=DOI>@bID@:C6RI>> 9;E; F@DD;ES :ODEIP;HS R:CH;?R;CH@CPSICH HE@==@CP @C =E@A@>;P; ICH =E:D;RD@:C@?B8JgJ

*@B@>IE>QS 9G;C (R; 0OF;S 3IbQ 3S 5E8 5EaS \0 ';CS ICH 5W 4;>>I ]I?,8M8$8^ E;>;I?;H 93$!/)


37/80

ZLJLm :8A;A:G6 8G:= ;?=E8D GBM ;?= ?ANO?EN BG;AEB cic

E;>;I?;H ICH ;BFEIR;H FQ DG; R:C?OB@CP =OF>@R8 0OD? >@_;F(-L 3Q RGE:C@R>;H DG; FEODI> >@N; :N DG; @CC;E6R@DQS FOD I>?: ;I9 ;CN:ER;B;CD I? EIR@?DS =E;H@?=:?;HIPI@C?D B@C:E@DQ Q:ODGS ICH @CD;CD :C =ODD@CP I? BICQ Q:OCP $NE@RIC$B;E@RIC B;C @C =E@?:C I? =:??@F>;8Jgi ,8M8$8[? FEI?G ?DQ>; ICH A@:>;CD;ID@:C :N DG; pPICP?DIq >@N;?DQ>; ;CP;CH;E;H P;CO@C; N;IE @C DG;G;IED? :N BI@C?DE;IB $B;E@RI ICH &8*8 >I9 ;CN:ER;B;CD8Jg! 1: 9@DS (R;0OF; EGQB;H :CF(-L 3


38/80

cig 0BAC=89A;D EF 6E0A9CA66= 6GH 8=CA=H dV:>8 !e/!""

4:S 5E;S ( P:D ?:B;DG@CP D: ?IQ/

%OR_ DGI =:>@R;8Jgc

,8M8$8[? B;??IP;? :N H;N@ICR; ICH E;f;RD@:C :N ;CDE;CRG;H &8*8 EIR@?BE;?:CID;H 9:E>H9@H;8 $HB@DD;H>QS ?:B; :N ,8M8$[? R:CD;CD @?:Ff;RD@:CIF>; @C @D? B@?:PQCQS G:B:=G:F@IS ICH =E:B:D@:C :N A@:>;CR;SJggFOD @C F(-L 3;JgK:RROEE;H fO?D D9: Q;IE? IND;E DG; E;>;I?; :N F(-L 3@_; I C@PPI ( GID; D: >:?;Y*G:9 B; :C DG; C;9?S FOD ( GID; D: F; IFO?;HY

Jgc,8M8$8SF(-L ;QE@R?H;=:D8R:BhC696IhNOR_6DGI6=:>@R;8GDB>8

Jgg922 +(,$!C:D; JZ!kZc8JgK 9228'#"24 [/") ;2+3/5/2+ GJ'(3 B/)@R; FEODI>@DQ @CR@H;CD 8

Jge922ICHEa H:OP>I? =:CH ROBB@CP?SU(+3 G"'3 ]H@?RO??@CP DG; H;IDG :N *;IC `;>>S 9G: 9I? _@>>;H 9G;C =:>@R; :NN@R;E? N@E;HcL E:OCH? :N FO>>;D? @CD: G@? RIE N:>>:9@CP G@? FIRG;>:E[? =IEDQ DG; ;A;C@CP F;N:E; G@? 9;HH@CP 8

Jg"922 +(,$!C:D;? "KkJLi ICH IRR:B=ICQ@CP D;


39/80

ZLJLm :8A;A:G6 8G:= ;?=E8D GBM ;?= ?ANO?EN BG;AEB ciK

( _C:9 @D 9I? I ?;D6O=Y

*: C:9 ([B P:CCI P;D O=Y3A;C @N DG; %`( 9ICD? B; D: ?GOD O=Y`OD ([A; P:D JLSLLL C@PPI? ?DE:CPY1G;Q P:D ;A;EQF:HQ ?@CP@C[ BQF(-L ;;?? ';R:EH?h.E@:E@DQ J""L 8JKJ(030&`3S+(22 $1 M(22 ].E@:E@DQ J""L 8JKZ(030&`3S$\3'(+++$[* \)*1 M$,135 ].E@:E@DQ J""L 8


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cie 0BAC=89A;D EF 6E0A9CA66= 6GH 8=CA=H dV:>8 !e/!""

`OD ?:B;DG@C[ I@C[D E@PGDY

MG;C @D[? I DEIP;HQS DGID[? DG; :C>Q D@B; DGID DG; NIB@>Q[? D@PGDY2:A@C[ ;IRG :DG;E @C I RIE@CP B::HY1G;E;[? >:D? :N =;:=>; ICH >:D? :N N::HY1G;Q ?IQ p`; *DE:CPq ICH Q:O[E; DEQ@C[Y`OD G:9 ?DE:CP RIC Q:O F; 9G;C Q:O ?;; Q:OE .:=? REQ@C[uY*: DGID[? 9GQ (R; 0OF;[? HE;??;H O=Y`;RIO?; DG; R@DQ @? ?: NOR_@C[ B;??;H O=Y$CH ;A;EQF:HQ @? ?: =G:CQY1I_; I >@DD>; D@B; 8 8 8 D: DG@C_ IF:OD Q:OE H;IH G:B@;b8JKi

(R; 0OF;S @C DG; ?IB; CIEEID@A; N:EBID RGIB=@:C;H FQ '@RGIEH5;>PIH:S ?=OC DI>;? ICH ?D:E@;? @C G@? EGQB;?8 (R; 0OF; DEIR_? >@_;="#!")2$2# 9,2-/2+ b;!*2+ 5$'. 3@CPS R:OCD;E6?D:EQD;>>@CPS ICH=IEIF>;? D: FE;I_ H:9C DG; 9I>>? F;D9;;C DG; 9;I>DGQ ?OFOEFIC BIf:E@DQICH DG; =::E OEFIC B@C:E@DQ8 $? G@= G:= F;RIB; CID@:CI>>Q E;R:PC@b;HSE;R:EH ?I>;? F;PIC D: F; H:B@CID;H FQ 9G@D;6?OFOEFIC Q:ODGS ?:B; :N9G:B ;BFEIR;H G@= G:= I? I >::_@CP P>I?? @CD: DG; @CC;E6R@DQ ?:O> :N$B;E@RI8JKK (R; 0OF; =>OPP;H @CD: DG@? DEO@?B 9@DG ;:?@A;S CIEEID@A;EGQB;? DGID =;E=;DOID;H G@? :9C FEICH :N =:>@D@R?S ?:R@I> R:C?R@:O?C;??S ICH;@DQ8

.E:N;??:E 5;>PIH: ICH ,8M8$8h(R; 0OF; F:DG ;@DQS ICH :==E;??@:C 9@DG =I??@:C ICH ;:?@A;C;?? DGE:OPGH;;=>Q =;E?:CI> CIEEID@A;8 (C 93$!/)>@=?@? @C :E@P@CI> S *4$/-+ !1!/*!J*2 !3GDD=/hh9998>QE@R?H;=:D8R:Bh@R;6ROF;hH;IH6G:B@;b8GDB>8

JK!(03 0&`3 %3$1&'(,j 0-&0+ 5S="#!")2$2# 9,2-/2+ b;!*2+ 5$'. 3


41/80

ZLJLm :8A;A:G6 8G:= ;?=E8D GBM ;?= ?ANO?EN BG;AEB ci"

OCINEI@HS R:C?;UO;CR;? F; HIBC;H8 `:DG 5;>PIH: ICH ,8M8$8 @H;CD@NQ

pDG; ROE;q D: DG;@E H;DI@>;H ; @>>? I? NOE@:O? ?D:EQD;>>@CPT5;>PIH:@CG N*2! 5'$ B!$$!3/12ICH ,8M8$8 @CF(-L 3D8

(C J"e"S .E:N;??:E 5;>PIH: =>;H N:E DG; O?; :N CIEEID@A; @C IRIH;B@R?RG:>IE?G@= I? I B;IC? :N RGICP@CP DG; =;E?=;RD@A;?S E;R;@A;H 9@?H:B?S=IEIH@PB?S ICH ;CDE;CRG;H F;>@;N? :N DG; DEIH@D@:CI> BIf:E@DQ8 1G@? =>;I>ICH;H G;IA@>Q ID DG; H::E :N DG; >;PI> IRIH;BQ ICH DG; RGI>>;CP; 9I?IRR;=D;H FQ I P;C;EID@:C :N IRIH;B@R? 9G: ?G;=G;EH;H 0E@D@RI> 'IR;1G;:EQ @CD: I =:9;ENO> >;PI> ICH IRIH;B@R B:A;B;CD8 $? 5;>PIH: 9I?BI_@CP G@? IRIH;B@R =>;IS G@=6G:= IED@?D? 9;E;S =;EGI=? OC9@DD@CP>QS;BFEIR@CP DG@? R>IE@:C RI>> FQ O?@CP DG; =:9;E :N CIEEID@A; D: @CN:EBS

;HORID;S ?RIE;S D;IRGS @C?=@E;S ICH B;CIR; DG; DEIH@D@:CI> 9G@D; $B;E@RICE;P@B;8 *:B; :N DG; B:?D @B=:EDICD G@=6G:= E;R:EH? :N I>> D@B; 9;E;E;>;I?;H @C DG; >ID; J"eL? ICH ;IE>Q J""L?S ?;;B@CP>Q I H@E;RD E;?=:C?; D:.E:N;??:E 5;>PIH:[? =>;I8 (C P;CO@C; 9IQ?S G@= G:=[? CIEEID@A; DEIH@D@:C@CN:EB;HS ;HORID;HS ICH @C?=@E;H I P;C;EID@:C 9G:?; >@N; :OD>::_ ICH=;E?=;RD@A; 9I? -

+@BF;E>a 0E;C?GI9 ?GIE;? I =IED@RO>IE _@C?G@= 9@DG XO;;C 2ID@NIG8MG;C .E:N;??:E 0E;C?GI9 IODG:E;H 8!-2@ 825'$.@ !"# 823$2"-


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c!L 0BAC=89A;D EF 6E0A9CA66= 6GH 8=CA=H dV:>8 !e/!""

;$!"+5'$.!3/'" !"# 62)/3/.!3/'" /" G"3/#/+-$/./"!3/'" 6!7S ?G; ; >;PI> R:>:EF>@CHC;?? I? I R:C?DEORD DGIDNI@>? D: E;R:PC@b; DG; @CH;D;EB@CIRQ :N R@A@> E@PGD? >I9? ICH DG; R:CD@CO@CP?DE;CPDG :N >@CP;E@CP EIR@I> H@?=IE@D@;?8JK" .E:N;??:E 0E;C?GI9 ?OEP@RI>>QE;f;RD;H DG; p,;9 '@PGD[?q C;:R:C?;EAID@A; I==E:IRG D: R@A@> E@PGD? 9G@RG?:OPGD D: p?@CP>;dm :OD EIR;6?=;R@N@R R@A@> E@PGD? =:>@R@;? I? :C; :N DG; B:?D?@PC@N@RICD DGE;ID? D: DG; H;B:REID@R =:>@D@RI> ?Q?D;B8qJeL 0E;C?GI9 I>?:E;f;RD;H DG; p,;9 2;ND[?q 0E@D@RI> 2;PI> *DOH@;? ]02*^ I==E:IRG DGID H@HC:D C;R;??IE@>Q H@?IPE;; 9@DG DG; P:I> :N EIR@I> ;UOI>@DQS FOD IEPO;H p:C>QDG; FI?@R R:OCD;E=E:HORD@A@DQ :N ?;;_@CP DGID :Ff;RD@A; DGE:OPG DG; O?; :N>;PI> E@PGD?8 8 8 8 02* ?RG:>IE? R>I@B DGID ;A;C ;CPIP@CP @C E@PGD? H@?R:OE?; @?@CR:B=ID@F>; 9@DG I FE:IH;E ?DEID;PQ :N ?:R@I> RGICP;8qJeJ (C E;f;RD@CP DG;p,;9 2;ND[?q R:CR;=DOI>@bID@:C :N ;UOI>@DQ ICH R@A@> E@PGD?S 0E;C?GI9

@H;CD@N@;H DGID DG; 0E@D@RI> 2;PI> *DOH@;? ?RG:>IE?[ p_;Q N>I9q @C DG;@E 9E@D@CP:C >;PI> @H;:>:PQ ICH G;P;B:CQ p@? DGID @D :A;E>::_? DG; E;>ID@:C?G@= :NEIR@?B D: G;P;B:CQ8qJeZ

$D F:DD:BS .E:N;??:E 0E;C?GI9 H;BICH;H I A:@R; ICH =>IR; ID DG;DIF>; N:E RE@D@RI> ?RG:>IE? :N R:>:E FQ E;f;RD@CP F:DG DG; R:C?;EAID@A; 9G@D;C;:R:C?;EAID@A; I==E:IRG ICH DG; >@F;EI> 9G@D; 02* I==E:IRG D:@C;UOI>@DQS H@?RE@B@CID@:CS ICH ?:R@I> fO?D@R; @C DG; &C@D;H *DID;?/

1G@? FI?@R

CRT and the HipHop Nation

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