CRSLTD Technical Seminar 1...Scotopicluminous efficiency function V'(λ) 1. The standard V'(λ)...

Seminar 1:Seminar 1:Seminar 1:Seminar 1:

Measuring light and managing colourMeasuring light and managing colourMeasuring light and managing colourMeasuring light and managing colour

aterin(tK)ptentmKon,tTb(ensKdbTKobJkb(sKt(hKutcbJ dybTtkkr(

dyrKtgeybikKiretn(KeyrKfb,linwyeKb.KeyrK.b::bLn(wKkrTn(tiK(berkI

OverviewOverviewOverviewOverview

h enstudyigvsotwvuvastlntin.TtlvdetdentunsuvdvwvdgtdatTvoedc

ratiatdevutf.,nmyTTgptvdtvutvk:a,d.sdtdat2sal(

)

• h e.dtTvoedtvu

• 3altdatkn.uy,ntvd

• 3altdatfasd,aTtvdtbuatde.dtvsdnsinitwvuy.TtudvkyTvt.,nt,n:,aiyfnitfa,,nfdTgx

Overview Overview Overview Overview (cont.)(cont.)(cont.)(cont.)

P

Ly,vsotdevutunkvs.,ptlntlvTTtd.T2t.Iayd(

• qn.uy,vsotvsud,yknsdutbma,tnz.k:Tn(t:eadakndn,uptfaTa,vkndn,ut.situ:nfd,a,.ivakndn,ux

• -aTa,vknd,vftwn,uyut:eguvaTaovf.TTgtinmvsnitfaTay,tudvkyTv

• 3altdatd,.suma,ktfaTay,tfaa,ivs.dnutvsdat4X8tu:.fntuatde.dtfaTay,nitudvkyTvtf.stIntivu:T.gnitast.tfe.,.fdn,vunitfak:ydn,tivu:T.g

• -aTay,tkvzdy,nt.sitknd.kn,vftTvoedu

• 0,.fdvf.Ttinkasud,.dvasutastdent.Iawntda:vfu

What is light?What is light?What is light?What is light?7voed vutnTnfd,ak.osndvft,.iv.dvastde.dtaffy:vnut.tuk.TTtm,.fdvastamtdentnTnfd,ak.osndvftu:nfd,ykc

5dtf.stIntnz:,nuunitvstdn,kutamtm,nUynsfgtb36xta,tl.wnTnsodetbskxct5stwvuvastufvnsfnptvdtvutka,ntfakkastdatinuf,vIntvdtvstdn,kutamtl.wnTnsodec

Theopticalrotpnicpfopmoiheoereainpglsfeicaouteainbg

renta:dvf.Tt,.iv.dvastTvnutIndlnnst,.ivatl.wnut.sitzj,.gutastdentu:nfd,ykptnzevIvdvsot.tysvUyntkvztamt,.gptl.wnpt.sitUy.sdykt:,a:n,dvnuc

/ht,erhK.ibT-K2nwyeK0rtkgirTr(eK1t(hJbbcsK3(eri(tenb(t:K2nwyeI J

OvuvITn7voed

’j,.gu qvf,al.wnu

P19jλλ9sk

The optical radiation The optical radiation The optical radiation The optical radiation –––– Visible LightVisible LightVisible LightVisible Light

=cuc/reonlfse

3Ttwr-Kyee,-88fb:hfirrcIft8L,j

fb(er(e8g,:bthk8vFz&8FS8k,rfeigTvI9,w

OvuvITntTvoedttma,tk.s vutfaswnsdvas.TTgtfasuvin,nitdatnzdnsitm,aktJ99jλ99sktbIydtdent-5“td.IyT.dntP19jλ19skxc

”

OvuvITntTvoedttma,tvsunfduptIv,iuptmvuept.sitnwnstuakntk.kk.Tu k.gtnzdnsitkyfetmy,den,tvsdatdent'Ota,tdent54c

Nsvk.Tutf.stivmmn,t.Tuat,no.,ivsotdentsykIn,tamtunsua,u bvcnct:eadaunsuvdvwntfnTTuxc

5rKLn::Kfb(fr(eiterKb(KygTt(Kkr(knenXnelI

The power of light The power of light The power of light The power of light ---- RadiometryRadiometryRadiometryRadiometry

;

rentmysi.knsd.Ttysvdtamta:dvf.Tt:aln, vutdentl.dd bh xp levfe vutinmvsnit.ut.t,.dntamtnsn,ogttamtasnt[ayTn b]xt:n,tunfasict

S:dvf.Tt:aln,tvut.tmysfdvastamtIadetdentsykIn,tamt:eadasut.sitdentl.wnTnsodect

“.fet:eadastf.,,vnut.stnsn,ogtde.dtvutinuf,vInitIgtdent0T.sf2&utnUy.dvas(

λ oPoha k’len,n(

λ vu den :eadas nsn,og b[ayTnuxh vu 0T.sf2&u fasud.sd b;c;)P z *9jPJ ] uxa vu den u:nni am Tvoed b)cFF1 z *91 k uj*xp’ vu den l.wnTnsode am ,.iv.dvas bkndn,uxc

/ht,erhK.ibT-K2nwyeK0rtkgirTr(eK1t(hJbbcsK3(eri(tenb(t:K2nwyeIqrlfawyuoevblicpfouhp.cfsothpipfoefens1o

5u6o.l5erefsih

TbirKr(riwl :rkkKr(riwl

'Td,.wvaTnd OvuvITn 5sm,.,ni

h .wnTnsodept≡ bkndn,ux

0eadastnsn,ogpt+

tb[ayTnux *9j*1

*9j*F

*9j)9

*9jλ *9j; *9j”

The power of light The power of light The power of light The power of light ---- PhotometryPhotometryPhotometryPhotometry

λ

rentTyknsbTkxptvutdent:eadaknd,vftnUyvw.Tnsdtamtdentl.ddptlnvoednitdatk.dfetdentngnt,nu:asuntamtdent‘ud.si.,itaIun,wn,Yc

8o.liiolio333ofgoPo0I96'orbgefu

3Ttwr-Kyee,-88yl,ri,ylknfkI,yltkeiIwkgIrhg8yJtkr8Xnknb(8nTwXnk8K

Ob≡xt.sitO!b≡xtln,ntvsd,aiyfnitIgtdent-5“tvst*F)Jt.sit*F”*pt,nu:nfdvwnTgc

Ob≡xt.sitO!b≡xt,n:,nunsdtdentunsuvdvwvdgtamtdenteyk.stngnt.dt:eada:vf .situfada:vf TnwnTupt,nu:nfdvwnTgct

rengt.,nt.Tuat2salst.utdentu:nfd,.TtTykvsayutnmmvfvnsfgtmysfdvasuc

Ob≡x

O!b≡xt

ScotopicScotopicScotopicScotopic luminous efficiency function V'(luminous efficiency function V'(luminous efficiency function V'(luminous efficiency function V'(λλλλ))))

1

The standard V'(λ) function was adopted by the CIE in 1951 (CIE, 1951) and it is based on measurements by Wald (1945) and Crawford (1949).

YtetKtXtn:tJ:rKte-KLLLIfXi:Ibiw

O!b≡xtinuf,vInutdentunsuvdvwvdgtamtdenteyk.stwvuy.Ttugudnkt.dtufada:vf TnwnTuc

5dt:n.2ut.dt”9λtskc

5dtvut,nT.dvwnTgtvsunsuvdvwntdatwn,gtTasotl.wnTnsodeuc

9c9

9c)

9cJ

9c;

9c1

*c9

P19 J19 ”19 ;19 λ19

“mmvfvns

fg

h .wnTnsodetbskx

()2o8438o=*S’, mbfaicpf

PhotopicPhotopicPhotopicPhotopic luminous efficiency function luminous efficiency function luminous efficiency function luminous efficiency function V(V(V(V(λλλλ))))

F

rentud.si.,itOb≡xtmysfdvastb-5“t)jinopt*F)Jxtvutdent.wn,.ontamtunwn,.Ttkn.uy,nknsdutaId.vsnitm,aktivmmn,nsdtudyivnut.sityuvsotunwn,.Ttkndeaiuct

()2o84d:o=S’, mbfaicpf

/adntde.dtdentw.Tynutm,aktdentivmmn,nsdtudyivnutde.dtln,nt.wn,.onitdatinmvsntvdptivwn,ontIgt.utkyfet.ut.tm.fda,tamtdnstvstdentwvaTndtb-5“pt*F);{t7ntX ,.sipt*F;1xct

revutkn.sutdentmysfdvastun,vayuTgtysin,nudvk.dnutunsuvdvwvdgt.dtuea,dtl.wnTnsodeuct

}xibTK5lk_rfcnKUK’en:rkK)zPSvmK

3Ttwr-K’yti,rKreKt:IK)vFF6m

qa,nt.ddnk:dute.wntmaTTalnitdatvk:,awntdentnudvk.dnutamtdentTykvsayutnmmvfvnsfgtmysfdvasc

CIE CIE CIE CIE "physiologically"physiologically"physiologically"physiologically----relevant" luminous efficiency relevant" luminous efficiency relevant" luminous efficiency relevant" luminous efficiency functionsfunctionsfunctionsfunctions

*9

4nfnsdTgpt.tsnltundtamtTykvsayutnmmvfvnsfgtmysfdvasutb)t.sit*9jinoxte.wntInnst:,a:aunitIgtt_daf2k.stndt.Tcptt.sit.ffn:dnitIgtdent-5“tb-5“pt)99;xc

=LS’, mbfaicpfoSxhlnteoetalS6Nod''3,

rentsnltmysfdvasutb)t.sit*9tinoxt.,ntI.unitastdent_daf2k.stét_e.,:ntb)999xtfasntmysi.knsd.Tut.sit.,nt2salst.utO"b≡xc

3Ttwr-K’yti,rKreKt:IK)vFF6m

NxtO"b≡xtfasdvsyayutTvsnc

8xtL vmmn,nsfnutIndlnnstdentO"b≡xt.sitdentaden,tmysfdvasut.,ntuealstvst:.snTtNc

/adn(t–nltTvoedjkn.uy,vsotinwvfnute.wntud.,dnitdatu:nfvmgtTykvs.sfntvstdn,kutamtO"b≡xt

YtetKtXtn:tJ:rKte-KLLLIfXi:Ibiw

‘rent5sdn,s.dvas.Tt-akkvuuvastast5TTykvs.dvaspt.Tuat2salt.utdent-5“ptvutinwadnitdatla,Tilvintfaa:n,.dvast.sitnzfe.sontamtvsma,k.dvastast.TTtk.ddn,ut,nT.dvsotdatdentufvnsfnt.sit.,dtamtTvoedt.sitTvoedvsoptfaTay, .sitwvuvaspt:eadaIvaTaogt.sitvk.ontdnfesaTaogY

**

5dtl.utmaysinitvst*F*Ptvsvdv.TTgtdat:,awvintfaTa,vknd,vftud.si.,iuc

5st*FP*tvdtinwnTa:nit.tugudnktma,tdentu:nfvmvf.dvastamtfaTay,tudvkyTvct

NTTtfaTay,tudvkyTvtf.stIntk.dfenitIgtdent.iivdvwntkvzdy,ntamtde,nnt.::,a:,v.dnTgtfeaunst:,vk.,vnuct

*)

Additive Additive Additive Additive colourcolourcolourcolour mixingmixingmixingmixing

rent.kaysdutamtdent:,vk.,vnutyunitma,t.sgtovwnstudvkyTyut.,ntfakkasTgt2salst.utdentd,vudvkyTyutw.Tynuc

rentaIun,wn,t.i[yudutdentvsdnsuvdvnutamtn.fetamtdentde,nnt:,vk.,vnutysdvTtdent.iivdvwntkvzdy,ntamtdentdnudtudvkyTyutvutwvuy.TTgtvsivudvsoyvue.ITntm,aktdent,nmn,nsfntudvkyTyuc

,nmn,nsfndnud

_tät4}4Kt?tX }X Kt?t8}8Klen,n(t

}4Kpt}X Kpt.sit}8Kt.,ntdent,nito,nnst.sitITynt:,vk.,vnu

.sit4ptX pt.sit8t.,ntdentd,vudvkyTyu w.Tynuc

dentugkIaTtätkn.sutOk.dfenitIg&c

xtrciomcer+

CIE 1931 CIE 1931 CIE 1931 CIE 1931 ColourColourColourColour Matching FunctionsMatching FunctionsMatching FunctionsMatching Functions

5s *FP*p den -5“ d,.suma,kni den dla undu am faTay,jk.dfevso mysfdvasu aId.vsnim,ak nz:n,vknsdu f.,,vni ayd Ig h ,voed b*F)1x .si XyvTi b*FP*x vsda . uvsoTn undam faTay,jk.dfevso mysfdvasu ma, n.fe l.wnTnsode am den wvuvITn u:nfd,ykc

*J

()2o8498oaprpbn gliahcfsombfaicpfu

CIE 1931 CIE 1931 CIE 1931 CIE 1931 ColourColourColourColour Matching FunctionsMatching FunctionsMatching FunctionsMatching Functions

x(λ ) y(λ ) z(λ )

rent-5“tugudnkt.utlnt2saltvdtdai.gtvutI.unity:ast.td,.suma,k.dvastamtdenta,vovs.TtfaTay,jk.dfevsotmysfdvasut.wn,.onitm,aktXyvTit.sith ,voedtdat.tundtamt:,vk.,vnut2salst.ut7ptOpt.sit=ctrentfaTay,jk.dfevsotmysfdvasut.,nt2salstma,tn.fetl.wnTnsodet.sit.,ntden,nma,nt,n:,nunsdnitIg(tttttttttpttttttttpt.sitttttttttc

()2o8498oaprpbn gliahcfsombfaicpfu

*J

NTdeayoetdentfaTay, k.dfevsotmysfdvasut.,ntsadtdenteyk.stfasntunsuvdvwvdvnupttdengt.,nt.::,azvk.dnTgtTvsn.,td,.suma,k.dvasutamtdentfasntunsuvdvwvdvnutbqaTTaspt)99Pxc

CIE 1931 CIE 1931 CIE 1931 CIE 1931 TristimulusTristimulusTristimulusTristimulus valuesvaluesvaluesvalues

–,aktdentfaTay, k.dfevsotmysfdvasuptvdtvut:auuvITntdatin,vwnt.tundtamtw.Tynutb’PQxtde.dtinuf,vInt

dentwvuy.Ttunsu.dvastamtdentud.si.,itaIun,wn,tlenstwvnlvsot.tudvkyTyutlvdetuy,m.fnt

,nmTnfd.sfnt0b≡xt.sitvTTykvs.dnitIgt.stvTTykvs.sdt“b≡x(

*”

“b≡x

0b≡x

X = k∑E(λ )P(λ )x(λ )dλY = k∑E(λ )P(λ )y(λ )dλZ = k∑E(λ )P(λ )z(λ )dλ

len,n(t

k =100 (∑y(λ )E(λ )dλ )

ct

/ht,erhK.ibTK5rke:t(hsKon,tTb(ensKt(hKayrg(wK)vFzvmI

)ab:bgiKknw(t:m

CIE 1931 (CIE 1931 (CIE 1931 (CIE 1931 (x,yx,yx,yx,y) chromaticity coordinates) chromaticity coordinates) chromaticity coordinates) chromaticity coordinates

ct

rent-5“t7O= d,vudvkyTyu w.Tynutu:nfvmgt.tfaTay,tudvkyTyutvstdn,kutamtdentwvuy.Ttugudnkct5dtvutamdnstyunmyTptealnwn,ptdat,niyfntdevutu:nfvmvf.dvastvstdn,kutamtfe,ak.dvfvdgtfaa,ivs.dnuct


( )ZYXXx ++=( )ZYXYy ++=

_:nfd,.TtTafyu

()2oahnpglicaci1o+clsnlg

*;

renuntfaa,ivs.dnutf.stIntaId.vsnitm,aktdentd,vudvkyTyu w.Tynut.utmaTTalu(

CIE 1931 (CIE 1931 (CIE 1931 (CIE 1931 (x,yx,yx,yx,y) chromaticity coordinates) chromaticity coordinates) chromaticity coordinates) chromaticity coordinates

*λ

ct


( )ZYXXx ++=( )ZYXYy ++=

rento.kydtamt.TTtfaTay,utvutfasd.vsnitIgtdentfaswnztue.:ntamtdentu:nfd,.TtTafyut.sit.tud,.voedtTvsntde.dtf.stIntfasuvin,nitdatInti,.lstIndlnnstdentdlatnsiutamtdentTafyuct

/adntde.dtudvkyTvtamtvinsdvf.Ttfe,ak.dvfvdgtIydtivmmn,nsdtTykvs.sfnt.,ntfaTT.:unitasdatdentu.knt:avsdtvstdent)jL t:T.sntamtdentfe,ak.dvfvdgtiv.o,.kc

rentP,i ivknsuvastvutTykvs.sfnptlevfetfa,,nu:asiutdatPc

Y=Luminance_:nfd,.TtTafyu


CIE system and CIE system and CIE system and CIE system and colorimetrycolorimetrycolorimetrycolorimetry

*1

ct

rent-5“tugudnktamtfaTa,vknd,g l.utinwnTa:nitma,tfaTay,tu:nfvmvf.dvasut,.den,tde.stma,tfaTay,t.::n.,.sfnctNdtde.dtdvkntdentu:nfd,.Ttunsuvdvwvdvnutamtdenteyk.st:eada,nfn:da,ut b.utkn.uy,nit:ugfea:eguvf.TTgxtln,ntsadt.w.vT.ITnct

3Ttwr-K;jinerIfbT3Ttwr-Kyee,-88LLLIfb:bikb:genb(kn(eri(tenb(t:IfbT

8Tl4g,:bthk8nTtwr8’*@’do/d>’I9,w

CIE system and CIE system and CIE system and CIE system and colorimetrycolorimetrycolorimetrycolorimetry

ct

• h vinTgtyuni• -akkysvf.dnt:,nfvuntfaTay,• 4nTv.ITn

-+5lfilseu5

6cgcilicpfu5• 5dtvutI.unitasteyk.stunsuvdvwvdg• 5dt,n:,nunsdut.tud.si.,itaIun,wn,• 5d vutsastysvma,k


*F

Non uniformity of the CIE (Non uniformity of the CIE (Non uniformity of the CIE (Non uniformity of the CIE (x,yx,yx,yx,y) chromaticity diagram) chromaticity diagram) chromaticity diagram) chromaticity diagram

)9

ct

rentnTTv:unut.,ntk.osvmvnitIgt*9c

rentfaTay,utvsfTyinitvstn.fetnTTv:untf.ssadtIntivudvsoyvuenict

5mtdentiv.o,.ktl.utysvma,kptdentnTTv:unutlayTitIntfv,fTnutamtdentu.kntuv6nc

7la-+lg S84:d,oerrctueu

CIE 1976 (CIE 1976 (CIE 1976 (CIE 1976 (u',vu',vu',vu',v'''') ) ) ) chromaticity diagramchromaticity diagramchromaticity diagramchromaticity diagram

)*

ct

5st*Fλ;pt-5“t.ia:dnit.iivdvas.Ttd,.suma,k.dvasutdatdenta,vovs.Tt-5“tfe,ak.dvfvdgtiv.o,.kptdatk.2ntdentu:.fntka,ntysvma,k(

5stdentsnlt-5“t*Fλ;tbg?sX?xtiv.o,.ktdent.,n.tamtdentd,.suma,knitnTTv:unutvutkyfetka,ntuvkvT.,tbdeayoetudvTTtsadtvinsdvf.TRxtde.stdent.,n.tamtdentnTTv:unutvstdentb;slxtiv.o,.kc

( )( )ZYXYv

ZYXXu

3159

3154

++=′++=′

ColourColourColourColour specifications and specifications and specifications and specifications and colourcolourcolourcolour appearanceappearanceappearanceappearance

))

ct

rent-5“tfaTay,tugudnkut:,awvintfaTay,tu:nfvmvf.dvasutma,tud.si.,itfasivdvasuc

-aTay,t.::n.,.sfnt.sitfaTay,tivuf,vkvs.dvastk.gttin:nsitastfasdnzdtbvcnctI.f2o,aysiSuy,,aysixc

3Ttwr-Kn::gknb(k,bn(eIfbT

rent-5“te.utsnwn,tuda::nitla,2vsotastdevut:,aITnkt.site.ut.T,n.igtinwnTa:nitunwn,.Tt.Tdn,s.dvwntfaTay, ugudnkutbncocpt-5“7N8pt-5“-Nqptndfcxct

rent,nituUy.,nut.Tasotdentiv.oas.Tute.wn vinsdvf.Ttb;slxtfe,ak.dvfgfaa,ivs.dnuc

CIE systems and vision scienceCIE systems and vision scienceCIE systems and vision scienceCIE systems and vision science

)P

ct

5mtgayt2saltdent-5“tfe,ak.dvfvdgtfaa,ivs.dnutamt.tudvkyTyuptgaytf.st,n:,aiyfntvdtUyvdnt.ffy,.dnTgct

NTdeayoetdent-5“tfe,ak.dvfvdgtfaa,ivs.dnut.,ntI.unitastdenteyk.stfaTay, k.dfevsotmysfdvasutdengtias&dtu.gt.sgdevsot.IaydtdentfaTay, .::n.,.sfntamtdentudvkyTyuctrevutvutInf.yuntdentudvkyTyutfaa,ivs.dnut.,ntsadt.tiv,nfdt,n:,nunsd.dvastamtdent:eguvaTaovf.Ttknfe.svukutde.dt.TTaltyutdatunntde.dtfaTay,c

rat.tfn,d.vstnzdnsdptdentfe,ak.dvfvdgtfaa,ivs.dnut:,awvint.tsykIn,tlevfete.utsat:eguvaTaovf.Ttkn.svsoc

6cgcilicpfu5• 5dtvutI.unitasteyk.stunsuvdvwvdg• 5dt,n:,nunsdut.tud.si.,itaIun,wn,• 5d vutsastysvma,k

Cone sensitivities (absorptions, fundamentals)Cone sensitivities (absorptions, fundamentals)Cone sensitivities (absorptions, fundamentals)Cone sensitivities (absorptions, fundamentals)

)J

ct

Smdnsptvstwvuvastnz:n,vknsdutvdtlayTitIntka,nt.::,a:,v.dntdatyuntfaTay,t,n:,nunsd.dvasutde.dtk.2ntka,ntnz:Tvfvdtdentfasd,vIydvastamtdent:eguvaTaovf.Ttknfe.svukutysin,Tgvsotdentvin.TtaIun,wn,&ut,nu:asunc

–a,tnz.k:Tnptlntf.stinuf,vInt.tudvkyTyutiv,nfdTgtvstdn,kutamtdentnzfvd.dvasut:,aiyfnitIgtdentfasnutvst,nu:asuntdatde.dtudvkyTyuc

rentkaudt,nfnsdt.sit:,nfvuntfasntmysi.knsd.Tut.,ntdent_daf2k.stét_e.,:n b)999xpty:astlevfetdent-5“tb)99;xt:eguvaTaovf.TTgj,nTnw.sdt7q_tmysi.knsd.TtfaTay, k.dfevsotmysfdvasut.,ntI.unic

Cone fundamentalsCone fundamentalsCone fundamentalsCone fundamentals

)”

ct

rent,nT.dvwntunsuvdvwvdvnutamtdent_ea,dj b_xptqviiTnj bqxpt.sit7asoj b7xtl.wnTnsodejunsuvdvwntfasnut.,ntsa,k.Tv6nitdatysvdgct

400 450 500 550 600 650 700 7500

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Wavelength (nm)

Rel

ativ

e S

ensi

tivity

7q_

rentqj .sit7jfasnu!tunsuvdvwvdvnutawn,T.:tdat.tT.,ontnzdnsdt.sitvsfTyint.Tkaudtdentnsdv,ntwvuvITntu:nfd,ykc

rentfy,wnutuealtdentfasnutunsuvdvwvdgt:,amvTnutin,vwnitIgt_daf2k.stét_e.,:ntb)999xct

Tz

Cone excitation space or LMS spaceCone excitation space or LMS spaceCone excitation space or LMS spaceCone excitation space or LMS space

);

ct

-asntnzfvd.dvasut,n:,nunsdtdent,nu:asunutamtdentfasnutdat.tTvoedtudvkyTyuct

T

k

u ren,nma,npt.sgtfaTay,tudvkyTyutf.stIntu:nfvmvnitIgtde,nntsykIn,uptfa,,nu:asivsotdatdent,nu:asunutamtdent7jptqjpt.sit_jfasnuc

renunt,nu:asunutf.stInt,n:,nunsdnitvst.tde,nnjivknsuvas.TtfaTay,tu:.fnptdent7q_tu:.fnc

-tT:zpTzpkzU

:z

kz

(pfeoe8acilicpfoutlae

How to calculate cone excitationsHow to calculate cone excitationsHow to calculate cone excitationsHow to calculate cone excitations

)λ

ct

5stwvuvastufvnsfnpt.tTvoedtudvkyTyutvutamdnstinuf,vInitvstdn,kutamtUy.sdyktf.dfenut.Iua,InitIgtn.fetvsivwviy.TtfasntfT.uuct

–a,t.tovwnstwvuy.TtudvkyTyuptdentfa,,nu:asivsotUy.sdyktf.dfenutlvTTtIntnUy.Ttda(


l = L λ( )λ =390

λ =780

∑ C λ( )

m = M λ( )λ =390

λ =780

∑ C λ( )

s= S λ( )λ =390

λ =780

∑ C λ( )

( )L λ ( )M λ ( )S λ

( )C λ

len,nt:ptTpt.sitk ,n:,nunsdtdentUy.sdyktf.dfenuta,tfasntnzfvd.dvasutamtdentTasojptknivykjpt.situea,djl.wnTnsodejunsuvdvwntfasnuptleauntunsuvdvwvdvnut.,ntvsivf.dnitIgtttttttpttttttttttpt.sitttttttttpt,nu:nfdvwnTgc

vutdentu:nfd,.Tt:aln,tivud,vIydvastamtdentTvoedt,n.fevsotdentngnct

–a,tnz.k:Tnptttttttttttf.stIntdentTvoedtnkvddnitIgt. udvkyTyutivu:T.gnitast.tfak:ydn,tuf,nnspta,tdentTvoedt,nmTnfdnitIgt.staI[nfdtlenstvTTykvs.dnitIgt.tTvoedtuay,fnc

( )C λ

How to calculate cone excitationsHow to calculate cone excitationsHow to calculate cone excitationsHow to calculate cone excitations

)1

ct

l = L λ( )λ =390

λ =780

∑ C λ( )

m= M λ( )λ=390

λ =780

∑ C λ( )

s= S λ( )λ =390

λ=780

∑ C λ( )

( )C λ

“b≡x

0b≡x

( )L λ ( )M λ ( )S λ

( )C λ

( )L λ ( )M λ ( )S λ

):nwyeKrTneerhm):nwyeKir.:rferhm

Measuring lightMeasuring lightMeasuring lightMeasuring light

)F

ct

( )C λ

5sta,in,tdat:,afnnitlvdetdentf.TfyT.dvasuptlntsnnitdatInt.ITntdatkn.uy,ntttttttttc( )C λ

C λ( ) = rR λ( ) + gG λ( ) + bB λ( ) ( )R λ ( )G λ ( )B λ

–a,tnz.k:Tnptdativu:T.gt.tlevdntudvkyTyutdentfa,,nu:asivso iptw .sitJ w.TynutlayTit.TTtIntnUy.Ttdat*pt.sitdativu:T.gt.tkvijo,ngtudvkyTyutdentfa,,nu:asivsotw.TynutlayTit.TTtIntnUy.Ttdat9c”ct

len,ntttttttttttpttttttttpt.sit ,n:,nunsdtdentu:nfd,.Tt:aln,tivud,vIydvasutamtdent,nipto,nnst.sitITynt:,vk.,vnut,nu:nfdvwnTgpt.sitdentfasud.sdutiptws .sitJ ,n:,nunsdtdent:,a:a,dvastamtTvoedtnkvddnitIgtn.fet:,vk.,gtdatonsn,.dntdentudvkyTyuct


Measuring light Measuring light Measuring light Measuring light ---- SPDSPDSPDSPD

ct

rentu:nfd,.Tt:aln,tivud,vIydvastb_0Lxtinuf,vInutdentTvoedtnsn,ogt.f,auutdentwvuvITnt,.sonc

P9

( )R λ( )B λ

( )G λ

5dtvutkn.uy,nitIgtunddvsotdent:,vk.,vnutdatdenv,tk.zvkyktvsdnsuvdgc

Light metersLight metersLight metersLight meters---- SpectroradiometerSpectroradiometerSpectroradiometerSpectroradiometer

ct

Ntu:nfd,a,.ivakndn, :,awvinutkn.uy,nknsdutvst,.ivaknd,vftysvduc

P*

5dut.ffy,.fgtin:nsiutastdentI.silvideptunsuvdvwvdgpt.sit,nuaTydvastamtdentinwvfnct

rentvsud,yknsdtde.dtkn.uy,nutdent_0L tvutdentu:nfd,a,.ivakndn,c

( )R λ

( )B λ( )G λ

@ojABFK’,rfeit’ft( ao’K’,rfeiba/2pb(nftj0n(b:et

a’vFF

xteainpnl+cpgeienu9: ;oxteainlroqp.eno< cuinc/bicpfu

Light metersLight metersLight metersLight meters---- ColorimeterColorimeterColorimeterColorimeter

ct

qn.uy,nutnkvddnitTvoedtIgtyuvsotde,nnta,tka,ntun:.,.dntunsua,uc

“.fetamtdentunsua,utuvdutInevsit.tmvTdn,tde.dtvutdysnitdat.t:.,dvfyT.,t,.sontamtdentu:nfd,ykct

5st.st.ddnk:dtdat.ffy,.dnTgtkainTteyk.stfaTay,twvuvaspt. de,nnjmvTdn,tfaTa,vkndn,tvutinuvosnitdatuvkyT.dntdent-5“t*FP*t-aTay,tq.dfevsot–ysfdvasutamtdentud.si.,itaIun,wn,c

()2o8498oaprpbn gliahcfsombfaicpfu6

P)

ao’Kab:bia/2Ytetfb:bi

’,lhri7jonerK>lrKC(rK

(prpncgeienu


ct

PP

()2oS8N1,oahnpglicaci1oappn+cflieu

;DKFIvEKlDFIAEK:gT D&FKfh8Tv

NtfaTa,vkndn,t,ndy,sut’PQptlevfetf.stIntd,.suma,knitvsdatdent-5“tfe,ak.dvfvdgtfaa,ivs.dnu .sitTykvs.sfnc

rent:n,ma,k.sfntamt.tfaTa,vkndn,tin:nsiutastdentk.sym.fdy,n,&ut.IvTvdgtdat:,aiyfntmvTdn,utde.dtk.dfetdent-aTay,tq.dfevsot–ysfdvasuc

3nsfnptsadt.TTtfaTa,vkndn,ute.wntdentu.knt.ffy,.fgpt.utk.dfevsotdenuntfak:Tnztfy,wnut.sit,nk.vsvsot.mma,i.ITntvut.Tl.gut.td,.injammct

Nffy,.fgtf.st.Tuatw.,gt.ffa,ivsotdatlenden,tdentTvoedtkndn,tbsadtasTgtfaTa,vkndn,uxte.utInnstf.TvI,.dni .dtdentm.fda,gt.o.vsudt.t2salstTvoedtuay,fnt.sitlenden,tdentf.TvI,.dvastvuty:jdaji.dnc


ct

PJ

_akntIyiondtkndn,ut.,ntsadtf.TvI,.dnit.dtdentm.fda,gc

-aTa,vkndn,ut.,ntonsn,.TTgtf.TvI,.dnitdatkn.uy,ntukaadetuvos.Tuct3nsfnptdengtsnnitfyudakv6nitf.TvI,.dvasutdatkn.uy,ntu:v2gtuvos.Tuc

revutkn.sutde.dttdengtla,2tonsn,.TTgtlnTTtma,tkn.uy,vsotdent_0LtamtS7“Ltivu:T.guptlevTntkn.uy,vsotdent,nit:eau:ea,tamt.t-4rta,tdentITynt:,vk.,gtamt.st7-L tvutka,ntfe.TTnsovsoct


ct

P”

7voedtkndn,ut.Tuatw.,gtvstdentdvkn dengtd.2ntdatk.2ntdentkn.uy,nknsdut.sitealtm.udtdengtino,.in awn,tdvkntb,aydvsntf.TvI,.dvastvut,nfakknsiniRxptealtunsuvdvwn dengt.,nt.dtTalt.utlnTTt.ut.dtevoetTvoedtTnwnTutbuakntu.dy,.dnt.sitIy,sxta,tdnk:n,.dy,n bvmtwn,gtunsuvdvwnptfasd.fdtTvoedtkndn,utkvoedtIntvs.::,a:,v.dntma,tuakntinwvfnutTv2ntS7“Ltivu:T.guxc

_S/PtS7“Ltb8Oqj–)”9x _S/Pt-4r -4_t8S7Luf,nns 7-L


ct

P;

_:nfd,a,.ivakndn,u iatsadtyuntmvTdn,uptvsudn.it.teaTao,.:evftivmm,.fdvasto,.dvsotvutfakIvsnitlvdet.ttivaint.,,.gptk.intamtk.sgtunsua,uc

renv,t.ffy,.fgtin:nsiutastdentsykIn,tamtunsua,utb,nuaTydvasxptdenv,tI.silvidet.situnsuvdvwvdgc

rent,nuaTydvastvutovwnstIgtdentsykIn,tamtunsua,ut.sitdenta:n,.dvsot,.sonct

rentsykIn,tamtunsua,utw.,vnut.f,auutk.sym.fdy,nut.sitvutdg:vf.TTgtvstdent,.sont*99(*9p999c

Light metersLight metersLight metersLight meters---- CCCComparisonomparisonomparisonomparison

ct

Pλ

<e5cae =ouefupnu)ioneibnfu5

pcertdlSa

dlinlXre

YTs

mdnutnvLSLu glSLeu hLvnXlXre

@ybebTreri

ab:binTreri

’,rfeibithnbTreri

*

Pta,tka,n

rg:vf.TTgtIndlnnst*99t.sit*9p999

/a /a Pnu

/a Pnu Pnu

Pnu Pnu" Pnu"

"-.TfyT.dvasut,nUyv,ni


ct

P1

_:nfd,a,.ivakndn,u iatsadtyuntmvTdn,uptvsudn.it.teaTao,.:evftivmm,.fdvasto,.dvsotvutfakIvsnitlvdet.ttivaint.,,.gptk.intamtk.sgtunsua,uc

renv,t.ffy,.fgtin:nsiutastdentsykIn,tamtunsua,utb,nuaTydvasxptdenv,tI.silvidet.situnsuvdvwvdgc

rent,nuaTydvastvutovwnstIgtdentsykIn,tamtunsua,ut.sitdenta:n,.dvsot,.sonct

rentsykIn,tamtunsua,utw.,vnut.f,auutk.sym.fdy,nut.sitvutdg:vf.TTgtvstdent,.sont*99(*9p999c

How to calculate cone excitations How to calculate cone excitations How to calculate cone excitations How to calculate cone excitations –––– Linear algebraLinear algebraLinear algebraLinear algebra

PF

l = L λ( )λ =390

λ =780

∑ C λ( )

m= M λ( )λ=390

λ =780

∑ C λ( )

s= S λ( )λ =390

λ=780

∑ C λ( )

( )C λ( )L λ ( )M λ ( )S λ

( )C λ

( )L λ ( )M λ ( )S λ

e= FC

msrb

C = Pt

( )R λ ( )G λ ( )B λ � �r�

e= FPt

e= Mt

reyu(

S,ptka,ntuvk:Tg(

t = M -1eNsitvdutvswn,un(

MetamersMetamersMetamersMetamers

J9

e= Mtt = M -1e

/adntde.dtvstIadetnUy.dvasutdentvsma,k.dvast,nT.dvwntdatdentu:nfd,.Tt:aln,tivud,vIydvastamtdentudvkyTyutvutTaudR

L vu:T.gtinwvfnutk.2ntyuntamtdent:,vsfv:Tntamt.iivdvwntfaTay, kvzvsotdativu:T.gtfaTa,vknd,vftknd.kn,uc

-aTa,vknd,vftknd.kn,u .,ntfaTay, uvos.Tutde.dtonsn,.dntdentu.kntfasntnzfvd.dvasunwnstdeayoetdengt.,ntfe.,.fdn,v6nitIgtivmmn,nsdt_0Luc

,nmn,nsfndnud

Isolating cone responsesIsolating cone responsesIsolating cone responsesIsolating cone responses

J*

5stuakntfaTay,twvuvastnz:n,vknsduptlnt.,ntvsdn,nudnitvstkn.uy,vsotdentvuaT.dnit,nu:asunutamtasntfasntfT.uutlevTntdentaden,tdlatfasntfT.uunut.,ntuvTnsdc

SsntamtdentivmmvfyTdvnutvstvuaT.dvsotfasnt,nu:asunutvutiyntdatdent:.,dv.Ttawn,T.:tamtdentfasntunsuvdvwvdvnuct

rentunfasitvutiyntdatdentI,a.itu:nfd,.Tt,nu:asunutamtdentinwvfntyunitdatonsn,.dntdentudvkyTvc

400 450 500 550 600 650 700 7500

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Wavelength (nm)

Rel

ativ

e S

ensi

tivity

7q_

Silent substitutionSilent substitutionSilent substitutionSilent substitution

J)

5dtvut:auuvITntdat.fevnwntfasntvuaT.dvastIgtyuvsotuvTnsdtuyIudvdydvasc

revutdnfesvUyntl.uta,vovs.TTgtvsd,aiyfnitIgtqct5ueve.,.t.dtdentInovssvsotamtdent)9de fnsdy,gptt.Tdeayoetdentkndeaitvut2salstkaudTgtde,ayoetdentla,2tamth cNc3 ct4yuedastndt.Tctb*FλPxct}_nnt.Tuat“udnwn6t.sit_:n2,nv[unpt*FλJpt*F1)Kct

“z.k:Tn(t5uaT.dvsot7jfasnt,nu:asunu

�

�

�

Tbhg:ter

crr,Kfb(ket(e

crr,Kfb(ket(e T

k

u

-tT:zpTzpkzU

:z

kz

Tz

L tT:vpTzpkzU

:v

t = M -1e

t = M -1e

t = M -1e

� �r� msrb

MacLeod and Boynton chromaticity diagramMacLeod and Boynton chromaticity diagramMacLeod and Boynton chromaticity diagramMacLeod and Boynton chromaticity diagram

JP

5st*FλFtq.f7nait.sit8agsdastvsd,aiyfnit.tfe,ak.dvfvdgtiv.o,.ktlevfetl.utI.unitastdent,nT.dvwnt,nu:asunutamtdent7jptqj .sit_jfasntnzfvd.dvasutbq.f7nait.sit8agsdaspt*FλFxct

-+5lfilseu5

Nutdentysin,Tgvsotfasfn:dtl.utuvkvT.,tdatde.dtamt4aIn,dt7yden,ptdent.ydea,utf.TTnitvdtdent7yden,tiv.o,.kpt.Tdeayoetvdte.utInfaknt2salst.utdentq.f7nait.sit8agsdastfe,ak.dvfvdgtiv.o,.kct

• 5dtvutI.unitast:eguvaTaovf.TTgj,nTnw.sdt,nu:asunu• 5dtf.stInt,n:,nunsdnitvstasTgtdlativknsuvasu

<nl./law5

• 5dt.uuyknutde.dt_jfasnutiatsadtfasd,vIydntdatTykvs.sfntb3alnwn,ptunnt_daf2k.stndt.Tct*FF*{t4v:.kasdv ndt.Tct)99Fx


JJ

“.fetfasntnzfvd.dvastvutuf.TnitIgtTykvs.sfnptlevfetvutinmvsnit.utdentuyktamtdent7j .sitqj fasnt,nu:asunutbsat_jfasnutma,tTykvs.sfnRxc

len,n(

rMB = l l + m( )gMB = m l + m( )bMB = s l + m( )

MBr

MBb

l = l 0.689903

m= m 0.348322

s = s 0.0371597

q8tfe,ak.dvfvdgtfaa,ivs.dnu

7ykvs.sfn

_daf2k.stét_e.,:nfasntmysi.knsd.Tu

rentuf.Tvsotm.fda,utin:nsitastdentfasntmysi.knsd.Tutde.dt.,ntyunic


J”

renta,vovst,n:,nunsdutdent:avsdtlen,ntasTgtqjfasnut.,ntnzfvdnic

MBr

MBb

rMB + gMB =1Nuuykvsotde.d(

rens(gMB =1− rMB

SsTgt7jfasnut.,ntnzfvdnic

q .sit< ,n:,nunsdtdentfasmyuvastTvsnuc

rent:avsdut.Tasotdentq .sit< Tvsnut.::n.,tvsivudvsoyvue.ITntdat0,ad.su.sitLnyd.supt,nu:nfdvwnTgct

DKL DKL DKL DKL colourcolourcolourcolour spacespacespacespace

J;

0,a:aunitIgtLn,,vsodasptV,.yu2a:m .sit7nssvntbLV7pt*F1Jxtma,tivudvsoyvuevsotIndlnnst,nu:asunuta,vovs.dvsotm,aktfe,ak.dvf.TTg a::asnsdtfasntayd:ydut.sit,nu:asunuta,vovs.dvsotm,akt.fe,ak.dvf.iivdvwntfasntayd:yduct

rentLV7tfaTay, u:.fntvut:.,dTgtI.unitastvin.utinwnTa:nitIgtq.f7nait.sit8agsdastb*FλFxt.sitV,.yu2a:mpth vTTv.kupt.sit3nnTngtb*F1)xct

rentLV7tfaTay,tu:.fntvut,nfakknsinit:.,dvfyT.,TgtlenstdentdnudtudvkyTyutvutunnst.o.vsudt.tI.f2o,aysictrentysin,Tgvsotvin.tvutde.dtdentI.f2o,aysit:,awvinutdent.i.:d.dvastTnwnTt.ffa,ivsotdatlevfetdent,nT.dvwntnzfvd.dvasutf.yunitIgtdentdnudtudvkyTyutf.stIntf.TfyT.dnict


6>7

x? S6>7,

S6?7,

3Ttwr-KYriin(web( reKt:IK)zPPFm

DKL DKL DKL DKL colourcolourcolourcolour spacespacespacespace

Jλ

rentdnudtudvkyTyutrtvut,n:,nunsdnitvstdn,kutamtfasd,.udt-t.o.vsudtdentI.f2o,aysit8c

)gtregefilicpfuo.ciho+euancticpfu5

8,.vs.,i b*FF;x-.:vTT. ndt.Tctb*FF1xh nudT.sipt4v:.kasdvpt.sit-enysotb)9*)x-4_t-aTay,traaTIaztma,tqNr7N8


6>7

x? S6>7,

S6?7,

3Ttwr-KYriin(web( reKt:IK)zPPFm

@tfcwibg(hsK;

etiwresKTC =

T − B( )B

ColourColourColourColour transformationstransformationstransformationstransformations

J1

_akndvknutlntl.sdtdat,n:,nunsdtudvkyTvtamt2salst,nmTnfd.sfnt:,a:n,dvnutast.tivu:T.gtinwvfnc

3Ttwr-KLLLIXnknb(jklkerTkIfbT

revutf.stIntdentf.untamts.dy,.Ttvk.onutfaTTnfdnitIgteg:n,u:nfd,.T ivovd.Ttf.kn,.upta,t,nmTnfd.sfntu:nfd,.tamtqysunTT fev:uc

3Ttwr-KLLLIiwJkebfcIfbT3Ttwr-KLLLIJ:fI:kJgItfIgc

From reflectance spectra to RGBFrom reflectance spectra to RGBFrom reflectance spectra to RGBFrom reflectance spectra to RGB

JF

“z.k:Tn(t3altdatd,.suma,kt.tqysunTT fev:t,nmTnfd.sfntu:nfd,.tvsdat4X8tuatde.dtvdtf.stIntivu:T.gnitastdentuf,nnsc

“b≡x

0b≡x

( )C λ

( )C λ

7O=

7O=


”9


“b≡x

0b≡x

7O= X = k∑E(λ )P(λ )x(λ )dλY = k∑E(λ )P(λ )y(λ )dλZ = k∑E(λ )P(λ )z(λ )dλ

( )C λ

-q–

“b≡x 0b≡x


”*


“b≡x

0b≡x

( )C λ

7O=

( )C λ

e= FC

�

C = Pt

( )R λ ( )G λ ( )B λ � �r�

e= FPt

e= Mt

reyu(

S,ptka,ntuvk:Tg(

t = M -1eNsitvdutvswn,un(

x(λ ) y(λ ) z(λ )

SummarySummarySummarySummary

• -eaauntdentdnobtat��Sama,tdent[aItbncocptyuntdent.::,a:,v.dntTvoedtkndn,xct

• -asuvin,tdentX�nue vstdentugudnktbm,aktdentTvoedtkndn,t.sitdentivu:T.gtinwvfnxptlenstunddvsotdent,nUyv,nknsdutamt.ffn:d.ITnt,n:,aiyfdvasct

• -eaauntdent,voedtkn.uy,nknsdutma,tdentd.u2tbIntf.,nmyTtlenstonsn,.Tv6vsotkn.uy,nknsdutu:nfvmvnitma,tdentutlXildia��uedgedxcb–a,tnz.k:Tnptias&dtyuntOb≡xtma,tunddvsotvuaTykvs.sfnx

• -eaauntdentr�S�Ld uclreab-5“twuct:eguvaTaovf.TTgj,nTnw.sdxtde.dtvut.::,a:,v.dntma,tle.dtgayt.,nt.vkvsotdatkn.uy,nct

”)

ReferencesReferencesReferencesReferences

NTnz.sin,t4gn, b*FFλxct7voedtqn.uy,nknsdt3.siIaa2pt5sdn,s.dvas.Tt7voedct

}Nw.vT.ITnt.d(tedd:(SSv,dnTcysvjk.ssenvkcinSTne,nSunkvs.,j:ugfea:eguv2S.,dv2nTSNTnzW4gn,W7voedWqn.uy,nknsdW3.siIaa2c:imK

”P

-5“tb*F);xct-akkvuuvast5sdn,s.dvas.Tn intT!“fT.v,.on 0,afnnivsoupt*F)Jct-.kI,vion(t-.kI,viont'svwn,uvdgt0,nuuc

-,.lma,itb*FJFxctrentufada:vf wvuvIvTvdgtmysfdvaspt@ibfrrhn(wkKb.KeyrK@ylknft:K’bfnrelsK8;)ptP)*jPPJc

-5“t0,afnnivsoutb*F”*xctOaTct*pt_nftJ{tOaT Ppt:ctPλpt8y,n.yt-nsd,.TtintT.t-5“pt0.,vupt*F”*c

X vIuasptVct_cptétrgsi.TTpt“ct0ctrctb*F)PxctOvuvIvTvdgtamt,.iv.sdtnsn,ogct’fnr(en.nfK@t,[email protected]’et(htihksKzPpt*P*j*F*c

7ntX ,.siptPctb*F;1xct2nwyesKfb:bgiKt(hKXnknb( b)sitnicxct7asias(t-e.:k.st.sit3.TTc

-5“tb)99;xct–ysi.knsd.Ttfe,ak.dvfvdgtiv.o,.ktlvdet:eguvaTaovf.Tt.znut 0.,dut*t.sit)ctrnfesvf.Tt4n:a,dt*λ9j*ctOvnss.(t-nsd,.Tt8y,n.ytamtdent-akkvuuvast5sdn,s.dvas.Tn intT!tXfT.v,.onc

“udYwn6ptScpt_:n2,nv[unpt3ns2 b*F1)xctrentZuvTnsdtuyIudvdydvasZtkndeaitvstwvuy.Tt,nun.,fectGnknb(Korkrtifypt))b;xpt;1*j;F*c

q.f7naiptLct5ctNcpt.sit8agsdast4ctqctb*FλFxpt-e,ak.dvfvdgtiv.o,.ktuealvsotfasntnzfvd.dvastIgtudvkyTvtamtnUy.TtTykvs.sfnptuC’/pt;Ftb1xpt**1Pj**1;c

Ln,,vsodasptNctqcptV,.yu2a:mpt]cpt.sit7nssvnt0ctb*F1Jxct-e,ak.dvftknfe.svukutvstdentT.dn,.TtonsvfyT.dntsyfTnyutamtk.f.UynctuIKb.K@ylkIsKP”λpt)J*j);”c

8,.vs.,iptLct3 ctb*FF;xct-asntfasd,.udt.sita::asnsdtkaiyT.dvastfaTa,tu:.fnuct5stV.vun,t.sit8agsdaspt3yk.st-aTa,tOvuvaspt)sitnivdvasptS_Nct

-.:vTT. 0cptq.Ta ]cpt7yUyn qc]ct.sitN,dvo.ut]cqctb*FF1xpt-aTay,t,n:,nunsd.dvastu:.fnut.dtivmmn,nsdt:eguvaTaovf.TtTnwnTu(t.tfak:.,.dvwnt.s.Tguvuptubgi(t:Kb.KC,enfkpt)FtbJxptP)JjPP1c

ReferencesReferencesReferencesReferences

”J

q.fNi.kptLct7ctb*FJ)xctOvuy.TtunsuvdvwvdvnutdatfaTa,tivmmn,nsfnutvsti.gTvoedptuIKC,eIK’bfIK/TctP)pt)Jλ[)λJc

h gu6nf2vptX cptét_dvTnupth ct_ctb*F1)xct-aTa,t_fvnsfn(tfasfn:dut.sitkndeaiuptUy.sdvd.dvwnti.d.t.sitma,kyT.nctb)si nicxct/nltPa,2(th vTngc

h .TiptX ctb*FJ”xct3yk.stwvuvast.sitdentu:nfd,ykct’fnr(frpt*9*pt;”Pj;”1c

_daf2k.sptNcptét_e.,:npt7ctrctb)999xct_:nfd,.TtunsuvdvwvdvnutamtdentkviiTnj .sitTasojl.wnTnsodetunsuvdvwntfasnutin,vwnitm,aktkn.uy,nknsdutvstaIun,wn,utamt2salstonsadg:nctGnknb(Korkrtifyp J9s *λ**j*λPλc

_e.,:npt7ctrcpt_daf2k.sptNcpt].oT.pth ct.sit]\oTnpt3 ctb)99”xctNtTykvsayutnmmvfvnsfgtmysfdvasptGHb≡xptma,ti.gTvoedt.i.:d.dvasctubgi(t:Kb.KGnknb(sK”ptFJ1jF;1c

h ,voedpth ctLctb*F)1xctNt,njindn,kvs.dvastamtdentd,vfe,ak.dvftfanmmvfvnsdutamtdentu:nfd,.TtfaTay,uctdit(ktfenb(kKb.KeyrKC,enft:K’bfnrelptP9pt*J*j*;Jc

XyvTipt]ctb*FP*xctrentfaTa,vknd,vft:,a:n,dvnutamtdentu:nfd,ykct@yn:bkb,ynft:Kdit(ktfenb(kKb.KeyrKoblt:K’bfnrelKb.K2b(hb(sKN)P9pt*JFj*1λc

qaTTaspt]ctLctb)99Pxct’,rfn.ln(wsKwr(riten(wsKt(hKTrtkgin(wKfb:bgikptvstOvuvast4nun.,fet[ Nt:,.fdvf.TtoyvintdatT.Ia,.da,gtkndeaiup *9;t[*)Fc

h nudT.sipt_cpt4v:.kasdvpt-cpt.sit-enysoptOctb)9*)xct-ak:yd.dvas.TtfaTa,tufvnsfntyuvsotqNr7N8tb)si nicxct]aesth vTng

4v:.kasdvt-cpth aath c7cpt-,alden, “ct.sit_daf2k.stNctb)99Fxptrent_jfasntfasd,vIydvastdatTykvs.sfntin:nsiutastdentqj .sit7jfasnt

.i.:d.dvastTnwnTu(tuvTnsdtuy,,aysiu]tubgi(t:Kb.KGnknb(sKFtbPxpt*9pt**j*;c

Theoef+o☺☺☺☺

””xbiKthhnenb(t:Kn(.biTtenb(K,:rtkrKfb(etfeKaterin(tK)ptentmKon,tTb(enKteKfIin,tTb(enIfik:ehIfbT

CRSLTD Technical Seminar 1...Scotopicluminous efficiency function V'(λ) 1. The standard V'(λ)...

Documents

Transcript of CRSLTD Technical Seminar 1...Scotopicluminous efficiency function V'(λ) 1. The standard V'(λ)...