CROW CANYON ARCHAEOLOGICAL CENTER Media Kit (Revised 8/18)

Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, 23390 Road K Cortez, Colorado 81321800-422-8975 • www.crowcanyon.org

CROW CANYON ARCHAEOLOGICAL CENTERFact Sheet

Who We Are:

• The mission of the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center is to advance and share knowledge of the human experience through archaeological research, education programs, and partnerships with Native Americans.• Crow Canyon is a nonpartisan, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) organization and a licensed camp (State of Colorado license number 46348).

Who we serve:

• The worldwide archaeological community• Native American communities• Educators (administrators, teachers, librarians)• Lifelong adult learners• Families• Fourth through twelfth grade students• College-level students• Local community

What We Do:

Archaeological Research

• Crow Canyon reconstructs the centuries-long history of the Pueblo people through long-term, multidisciplinary research in the American Southwest, with a special emphasis on the Mesa Verde region. Crow Canyon disseminates the results of its research to a worldwide audience via the Internet and print publications.

• More information on most Crow Canyon research projects is available at http://www.crowcanyon.org/index.php/access-our-research/site-reports-databases.

Education Programs

• Crow Canyon offers education programs in which students—fourth grade through college-level and lifelong adult learners—learn about archaeology and Pueblo history, the scientific process, and the complex interactions between people and their environment. • More information about Crow Canyon education programs is available at http://www.crowcanyon.org/

Crow Canyon History Timeline:

• Late 1960s: Dr. Edward Berger, a Denver high school history teacher, purchases 70 acres outside Cortez, Colorado, and establishes the Crow Canyon School as an outdoor education center.

• Mid-1960s: Dr. Stuart Struever, a professor of anthropology at Northwestern University, establishes the Foundation for Illinois Archaeology, later renamed the Center for American Archaeology in Kampsville, Illinois.

• 1983: The Crow Canyon School is purchased by the Center for American Archaeology and becomes the Crow Canyon campus of the Center for American Archaeology. This is the year that marks the founding of the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center.

• 1985: The Crow Canyon campus becomes independent of the Center for American Archaeology and emerges as the independent not-for-profit organization, the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center.

• Mid-1980s: Crow Canyon begins to offer educational travel programs.• 1985: Pithouse Learning Center is built (rebuilt in 2006 and 2017).• 1987: Gates Archaeological Laboratory is built.• 1995: Native American Advisory Group is formed.• 1996: Crow Canyon launches its first website.• 1997–2000: Campus expands to 170 acres.• 2004: Pueblo Learning Center is built• 2014: Scholar house is purchased.

Crow Canyon Campus:

The Crow Canyon Archaeological Center is located on a 170-acre campus about 4 miles northwest of the town of Cortez in southwestern Colorado. Crow Canyon is 15 miles west of the entrance to Mesa Verde National Park and 40 miles northeast of the Four Corners Monument, where the states of Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico meet. Views from campus extend from Mesa Verde to Sleeping Ute Mountain to the 13,000-foot peaks of the La Plata Mountains.

Campus facilities include the Gates Archaeology Laboratory, which houses classrooms, education and research laboratories, offices, and a small gift shop; a lodge, which contains the dining hall and a lounge; six comfortable, modern cabins, built in 2015; and 10 comfortable, rustic cabins modeled after Navajo hogans. Two learning centers—one a replica of an ancient pithouse, the other a reconstructed pueblo—overlook campus from opposite hillsides.

Crow Canyon Staff, Board of Trustees, Volunteers, and Associates:

• Nearly 70 staff members are employed at Crow Canyon (full-time, part-time, and seasonal staff).• Crow Canyon’s Board of Trustees is made up of 29 members.• Seasonal Archaeology Interns• Volunteers• The Friends of Crow Canyon• National and International Research Associates

Partnerships:

We partner with archaeological, scientific, educational, and local community organizations; Native Americans; scientists and professionals of many related disciplines; government agencies and foundations; and coalitions that advocate for issues of importance to Crow Canyon. A list of Crow Canyon’s partnerships is available on request.

Financial Information:

Crow Canyon carries out its mission with revenue earned through programs, contributions from individuals, grants, investment income, and other sources. For more information, see Crow Canyon’s Form 990 at http://www.crowcanyon.org/index.php/support-us/your-gifts-at-work .

How We Communicate to the Public:

• Newsletters• Website• Social media• Public lectures• Outreach to public schools• Information disseminated through mass media

Contact Information:

Mailing address: 23390 Road K, Cortez, Colorado 81321-9408Phone: 1.800.422.8975Fax: 970.565.4859http://www.crowcanyon.org/

WHAT IS ARCHAEOLOGY?Fact Sheet

Archaeology is how we learn about the 98 percent of human history that took place before there were written records. It is also how we supplement our knowledge of more-recent history for which there are written records.

The goal of archaeology is not to find and collect objects, but to understand how human societies work. The objects—and the contexts in which they are found—are simply a means to that end.

By studying patterns in the archaeological record, researchers hope to learn more than the history of a specific site, locale, or region. Ultimately, their goal is to achieve broad understandings about all human society—to identify and explain commonalities that crosscut time, space, and cultures.

Archaeology isn’t the only way we learn about deep human history—the oral traditions of indigenous peoples provide additional windows into the past. In cultures around the world, stories told by one generation to the next keep alive the knowledge of important events and practices.

When archaeologists have access to oral traditions, they use them to complement and enrich the perspectives gained from archaeological research. But for most people, archaeology remains the primary way they learn about peoples and cultures of the distant past.

What Archaeology Is . . .

archae (ancient) + logy (science)

Archaeology is the scientific study of the material remains of past human societies. It is one of four subfields of anthropology, or the study of humans. The other three are physical anthropology (the study of human evolution and biological diversity), cultural anthropology (the study of living cultures), and linguistics (the study of human language).

What Archaeology Isn’t . . .

• The study of dinosaur or other fossils (the study of fossil life is called paleontology).• Treasure-hunting or metal-detecting for the purpose of finding objects to collect or sell.

For more information about the science and technology of archaeology—and what it means to practice “Responsible Archaeology”—please check out: http://www.crowcanyon.org/index.php/learn-about-archaeology/what-is-archaeology

CROW CANYON ARCHAEOLOGICAL CENTER CAMPUSFact Sheet

The Crow Canyon Archaeological Center is located on a 170-acre campus about 4 miles northwest of the town of Cortez in southwestern Colorado. Crow Canyon is 15 miles west of the entrance to Mesa Verde National Park and 40 miles northeast of the Four Corners Monument, where the states of Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico meet.

Views from campus extend from Mesa Verde to Sleeping Ute Mountain to the 13,000-foot peaks of the La Plata Mountains.

Campus facilities include the Gates Archaeology Laboratory, which houses classrooms, education and research laboratories, offices, and a small gift shop; a lodge, which contains the dining hall and a lounge; six comfortable, modern cabins, built in 2015; and ten comfortable, rustic cabins modeled after Navajo hogans. Two learning centers—one a replica of an ancient pithouse, the other a reconstructed pueblo—overlook campus from opposite hillsides.

Driving Directions:

From the intersection of Highway 491 and County Road L northwest of Cortez, turn west on Road L. Drive about 1 mile to Road 23 (watch for Crow Canyon sign), and turn left. In about 1 mile, Road 23 curves to the left and turns into Road K, which in turn becomes Crow Canyon’s driveway.

Free parking is available in our visitor parking area.

Traveling by Air:

The Durango–La Plata County Airport, located about 80 minutes from campus, is served by United Express and Frontier Airlines via Denver and by US Airways via Phoenix. Crow Canyon will provide shuttle transportation to and from the Durango airport at no extra charge to program participants. Alternatively, you may fly into one of the following cities and rent a car: Farmington, New Mexico (75 miles to Cortez); or Albuquerque, New Mexico (about a 5-hour drive to Cortez).

For more information about Crow Canyon’s campus, contact Jason Vaughn, media specialist, at jvaughn@crowcanyon.org, or call 970.564.4362.

THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE AT THE CROW CANYON ARCHAEOLOGICAL CENTER

Fact SheetThe Research Institute at the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center is dedicated to the belief that archaeology can address many of the challenges facing society in the twenty-first century. The Research Institute is an interdisciplinary network of scholars—archaeologists, economists, geographers, sociologists, educators, and indigenous culture specialists, among others—whose collaborative approach to research is especially suited to addressing big questions with large and complex datasets.

Institute research will expand Crow Canyon’s capacity in all three of its mission areas: long-term archaeological research, education about humans past and present, and partnerships with Native Americans. As part of Crow Canyon, researchers can leverage more than three decades of archaeological inquiry—and an extensive database—in support of sustained research leading to a better understanding of the human past and a clearer vision of society’s path forward.

The ultimate goal of the Institute is to offer research-based solutions to real problems. It’s an ambitious undertaking, but the potential exists for archaeology—long regarded as simply the study of antiquity—to provide fresh perspectives on some of the most intransigent and controversial issues of our time.

Research in the public interest

• Humans and the environment: The institute studies how humans responded to environmental change in the past and the implications for environmental policy.

• Indigenous archaeology: The institute works to promote respect for different cultures and preservation of traditional knowledge, past and present.

• Cultural and scientific literacy: As a social science with deep roots in STEM, archaeology helps students become critical thinkers and lifelong learners.

For more information about Crow Canyon’s Research Institute, go to http://www.crowcanyon.org/institute/, or contact Jason Vaughn, media specialist, at jvaughn@crowcanyon.org or call 970.564.4362.

CROW CANYONARCHAEOLOGICAL CENTER

CROW CANYON ARCHAEOLOGICAL CENTER BOARD OF TRUSTEES

Fact SheetCrow Canyon Archaeological Center Board of Trustees:

• W.BruceMilne,Chair• DavidFraley,Vice Chair• BarbaraL.Schwietert,Secretary• Elizabeth(Liz)Perry,President and CEO• ElizabethM.Alexander• BruceAllbright• SueAnschutz-Rodgers• RichardG.Ballantine• AlbertG.Boyce,Jr.• QuincaleeBrown• FrankCicero,Jr.• DeedeeDecker• JoanGoldstein• EmilyH.King• KarlF.KumliIII• CharlesR.Larimore• RickyR.Lightfoot• WilliamD.Lipe• LeslieM.Masson• DavidW.Melanson• ConstanceJ.Moramarco• PamelaM.Powell• NancyClarkReynolds,Chair Emerita• RobertaH.Rubin• CaroleB.Segal• NancyStevens• StuartStruever,Chair Emeritus and Life Trustee• JosephH.Suina• PaulTorres

• MargaretM.Zemach• RaymondT.Duncan*,Chair Emeritus and Life Trustee• C.PaulJohnson*,Chair Emeritus and Life Trustee

*Deceased

FormoreinformationaboutCrowCanyonArchaeologicalCenter’sBoardofTrustees,pleasecontactJasonVaughn,mediaspecialist,atjvaughn@crowcanyon.orgorcall970.564.4362.

CROW CANYONARCHAEOLOGICAL CENTER

CROW CANYON PUEBLO ADVISORY GROUP

Fact SheetCrow Canyon’s Pueblo Advisory Group (formerly Native American Advisory Group) was formed in 1995 for the purpose of fostering constructive dialogue be-tween Crow Canyon staff and descendant Pueblo people. The individuals who make up this body—all respected members of their own communities—offer valuable advice on everything from our research designs to curriculum development and educational outreach.

Pueblo Advisory Group Members

• Marie Reyna Taos Pueblo, New Mexico• Gary Roybal San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico• Ed Shije Zia Pueblo, New Mexico• Joseph H. Suina Cochiti Pueblo, New Mexico• Chris Toya Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico• Theresa Pasqual Acoma, New Mexico• Octavius Seowtewa Zuni Tribe, New Mexico• Stewart Koyiyumptewa Hopi Tribe, Arizona

For more information about the Pueblo Advisory Group, please contact Jason Vaughn, media specialist, at jvaughn@crowcanyon.org, or call 970.564.4362.

CROW CANYON MEMBERSHIP AND SUPPORTFact Sheet

Crow Canyon’s research helps us better understand human history, increase knowledge of a unique culture, and discover what the past can teach us about the challenges we face today as a society.

Students of all ages at Crow Canyon gain knowledge of the vital links between our Native American partners and their ancestors, creating a greater understanding of people of all backgrounds. In learning how to interpret the past, Crow Canyon learners discover the importance of safeguarding our shared human heritage for future generations.

Knowledge gained and shared. Minds opened and lives changed. This work is made possible through the generous support of Crow Canyon many donors and members.

For more information about donating to Crow Canyon, along with links to the latest available Annual Report, IRS Form 990, and audited Financial Statements (PDF), please go to http://www.crowcanyon.org/index.php/your-gifts-at-work

For more information about Crow Canyon membership and support, contact Jason Vaughn, media specialist, at jvaughn@crowcanyon.org or call 970.564.4362.

CROW CANYON ARCHAEOLOGICAL CENTER TRAVEL PROGRAMSFact Sheet

Crow Canyon Archaeological Center offers a variety of educational tours across both the American Southwest and the world through its unique Cultural Explorations program.

Travel in the U.S.

Crow Canyon’s educational tours are travel seminars: unique opportunities to travel and learn in the company of like-minded travelers. Developed by our Cultural Explorations staff and guest scholars, each program offers a strong educational focus:

• Travel with experts, including Native American scholars and archaeologists.• Be part of a lively exchange of ideas. • Enjoy limited group sizes and behind-the-scenes tours.• Go off the beaten path, with privileged access to sites on tribal and private land.• Support indigenous cultures through tours that visit with respect.

For more information, go to http://www.crowcanyon.org/index.php/travel-with-us/travel-in-the-u-s

Travel Abroad

Change the way you see the world and discover the global context of human history. Crow Canyon’s educational tours are travel seminars: unique opportunities to travel and learn in the company of like-minded travelers. Developed by our Cultural Explorations staff and guest scholars, each program offers a strong educational focus:

• Travel with archaeologists and other scholars.• Be part of a lively exchange of ideas. • Enjoy limited group sizes and behind-the-scenes tours.• Go off the beaten path, with privileged access to sites.• Support indigenous cultures through tours that visit with respect.

For more information, go to http://www.crowcanyon.org/index.php/travel-abroad

Custom Travel Programs

Crow Canyon’s explorations coordinators will work with you to create a customized itinerary. Choose destinations, activities, and a trip length that suit your individual and group interests:

• Four Corners destinations (Colorado, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico)• Special access to archaeological sites on public, private, and tribal land• Hiking, horseback riding, mountain biking, and other activities• Museum tours, including behind-the-scenes curation tours• Trading post tours and artist studio visits

Crow Canyon can design custom programs for:

• family and friends• alumni associations• other organizations and clubs

For more information, go to http://www.crowcanyon.org/index.php/custom-programs

For more information about Crow Canyon Archaeology Center, contact Jason Vaughn, media specialist, at jvaughn@crowcanyon.org or call 970.564.4362.

CROW CANYON ADULT AND FAMILY PROGRAMSFact Sheet

More than 30 years ago, Crow Canyon was founded on the idea that members of the public could play an important role in archaeology. Each year, we welcome people of all ages to our campus near Mesa Verde in southwest Colorado. Our volunteers support our mission of archaeological research, education programs, and partnership with Native Americans.

Crow Canyon Tour

On this free half-mile walking tour, participants enjoy a behind-the-scenes look at an archaeological research center. In the hour-long tour, visitors will see a working archaeology lab, have the opportunity to see ancient artifacts up close, and explore Crow Canyon’s unique educational facilities as well as learn about the work of field and lab archaeologists. Participants also learn about how Crow Canyon works with Native Americans to create a more inclusive American history. This tour will enrich visits to Mesa Verde National Park, the Anasazi Heritage Center, and other archaeological sites and museums.

Archaeology Day Tour

Tour a real archaeology dig on this one-day introduction to the archaeology of the Mesa Verde region! The program will help enrich visits to Mesa Verde National Park, Canyons of the Ancients National Monument, and other archaeological sites and museums. For adults and families ages 10 and up.

Archaeology Research Program

In this program, participants help excavate sites that date from the Basketmaker III through Pueblo III periods (A.D. 500–1280). Through our research, we hope to answer questions such as: Where did the Pueblo people who first settled the central Mesa Verde region come from? How and why did early communities develop? What impact did a growing farming population have on the environment? On a broader scale, researchers seek to understand not only early Pueblo society but also the development of other early agricultural societies around the world. For lifelong learners age 18 and up.

Archaeology Lab Program

For every day an archaeologist spends in the field, at least four days are required in the laboratory. During a typical field season, thousands of artifacts and samples come into Crow Canyon’s lab. The story of the past begins to come together only when these artifacts and samples are carefully processed and studied. In our lab program, participants help analyze artifacts from recent excavations at sites that date from the Basketmaker III through Pueblo III periods (A.D. 500–1280). For lifelong learners age 18 and up.

For more information about Crow Canyon’s adult and family programs, check out http://www.crowcanyon.org/index.php/programs-for-adults-families or contact Jason Vaughn, media special-ist, at jvaughn@crowcanyon.org or call 970.564.4362.

PROGRAMS FOR TEENS AND SCHOOL GROUPSFact Sheet

Archaeology for Teens

At Crow Canyon’s archaeology camps, students age 12 to 18 dig at a real archaeological site in southwestern Colorado. These academic/science camps also include opportunities for teens to learn about Native American cultures. Each camp includes a field trip to nearby Mesa Verde National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Crow Canyon is currently excavating sites inhabited by ancestral Pueblo people more than 1,000 years ago.

In 2015 USA Today named our archaeology summer camps one of the 10 best adventure camps for kids.

• Middle School Archaeology Camp

Educational Focus: Introduction to archaeology and Pueblo history, Science, math, and critical thinking

Eligibility: Students must have completed sixth, seventh, or eighth grade and be 12 years old by program date.

• High School Archaeology Camp

Educational Focus: Introduction to archaeology and Pueblo history, Science, math, and critical thinking

Eligibility: Incoming high school freshmen through graduated seniors; must be 14 years old by program start date.

• High School Field School

Educational Focus: Pre-college archaeology and Pueblo history, Science, math, and critical thinking, Native American perspectives on archaeology, Service learning

For information about earning high school or college credit, see http://www.crowcanyon.org/in-dex.php/programs-for-teens/high-school-field-school

Eligibility: Incoming high school sophomores through graduated seniors may attend; students must be 15 years old by program start date.

For more information, check out http://www.crowcanyon.org/index.php/programs-for-teens

Programs for School Groups

At the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, we believe that the goal of education is to give students the intellectual tools they need to explore the world and think critically. We also believe that the optimal educational environment encourages students to actively participate in the learning process through hands-on activities and group discussion.

Crow Canyon’s one-day field trips and overnight programs for school groups are designed for students in grades 4 through 12. Program modules vary depending on grade level, program length, and group size, but core activities teach students about archaeology, ancestral Pueblo history, the scientific process, and the complex interactions between people and their environments.

We offer programs between March and November.

For more information, check out http://www.crowcanyon.org/index.php/programs-for-school-groups

For more information about Crow Canyon’s teen and school group programs contact Jason Vaughn, media specialist, at jvaughn@crowcanyon.org or call 970.564.4362.

CROW CANYON COLLEGE FIELD SCHOOL

Fact Sheet

The Crow Canyon Archaeological Center is sponsoring a college-accredited field school under the direction of Dr. Susan C. Ryan, the Center’s Director of Archaeology. Undergraduate and graduate students may enroll for 6 credit hours, either in Anthropology 279 or 589, through Adams State University in Colorado ($55 per credit hour).

The field school is certified as RPA-5 by the Register of Professional Archaeologists. Through immersion in a five-week experiential learning program, students will learn the fundamental techniques of archaeological site identification and recording, excavation, and basic artifact processing and analyses. Additionally, students will learn instrument surveying and remote sensing surveying techniques.

Evening programs, field trips, service learning projects, and attending public events expand on these essential skills and present real-world opportunities to learn about and practice archaeology.

Students will work in groups throughout the program, rotating through the training modules that offer different but complementary skill sets.

Students will interact with archaeological professionals while conducting fieldwork at the Haynie site, an ancestral Pueblo village with two Pueblo II (A.D. 950–1150) great houses.

For more information, check out http://www.crowcanyon.org/index.php/programs-for-college-students or contact Jason Vaughn, media specialist, at jvaughn@crowcanyon.org or call 970.564.4362.

ZUNI KIVA RENOVATION AND REVITALIZATION PROJECTFact Sheet

Access to the past—a path to the future

At Zuni Pueblo, kiva ceremonies serve as a way to learn about origins, lifeways, and history—but the six kivas at Zuni are at risk. Three are in disrepair and three are overused and deteriorating. Repairing the kivas and revitalizing the kiva ceremonies is essential to preserving Zuni culture for future generations.

Crow Canyon Archaeological Center is helping through the Zuni Kiva Renovation and Revitalization Project. The Center is working to raise, through donations, $50,000 to rebuild or repair kiva walls, replace or repair roofs, roof-entry ladders, stucco, doors, and windows, add rooms to make and store religious items and clothing, and to add bathrooms.

The project represents a vital first step in a new partnership between the Zuni Tribe and Crow Canyon to address high-priority culture continuation projects.

In addition to providing the Pueblo with a much needed benefit, the project will invigorate and enhance Crow Canyon’s programs and strengthen ties between and past and the present.

For more information, go to http://www.crowcanyon.org/index.php/zuni-kiva-project, or contact Jason Vaughn, media specialist, at jvaughn@crowcanyon.org, or call 970.564.4362

THE NORTHERN CHACO OUTLIERS PROJECT:

The Haynie siteFact Sheet

The Basics:

Project Name: The Northern Chaco Outliers Project

Site: The Haynie site (Part of the larger Lakeview community, which also includes the nearby Wallace Ruin (5MT6970) and the Ida Jean site (5MT4126). However, these sites are not included in this project.)

NOTE: The site is properly referred to as “Haynie” or “the Haynie site”–NOT “Haynie Pueblo.”

Site Number: 5MT1905

Location: Approximately 10 miles east of Crow Canyon Archaeological Center

Dates: Testing and mapping starting in 2016, Excavation 2017-2020

Curation: The Northern Chaco Outliers Project will adhere to a sampling strategy that will recover data needed to address each of the research questions outlined in this proposal, clarifying issues of greater anthropological interest as stated in each research domain. Researchers will collect data in a manner that will ensure its usefulness to future archaeologists and to descendant communities. All materials collected during this project will be permanently curated at the Anasazi Heritage Center, as permitted by the owners of the Haynie site, the Haynie Ranch, LLC.

Permissions: Crow Canyon Archaeological Center (CCAC) is not required by law to obtain state permits to conduct research on private land; however, in keeping with ethical and professional standards, the Northern Chaco Outliers Project will secure a State of Colorado Archaeological Permit for each year of field work conducted.

Additionally, CCAC will execute a contract with the Haynie Ranch, LLC securing permission to conduct research on the property in accordance with the Society for American Archaeology Principles of Archaeological Ethics and the Register of Professional Archaeologists Code of Research Performance. This agreement also stipulates that: 1) all artifacts and samples collected during the project will become the property of CCAC; 2) that CCAC will take responsibility for the permanent curation of these materials at the Anasazi Heritage Center, located in Dolores, Colorado; 3) that any human remains encountered in the excavations will be treated in accordance with CCAC’s Policy on the Treatment of Human Remains.

Personnel: Crow Canyon has a staff of 11 full-time archaeological researchers, and five additional consultants assist with the analyses of specialty data. The Crow Canyon staff include: Susan Ryan, director of archaeology (Ph.D. University of Arizona); Mark Varien (Ph.D. Arizona State University); Grant Coffey, GIS archaeologist (M.A. Northern Arizona University); Kristin Kuckelman, research publications manager (M.A. University of Texas); Caitlin Sommer, supervisory archaeologist (M.A. University of Colorado); Steven Copeland, field archaeologist (B.A. University of Colorado at Colorado Springs); Rebecca Simon, field archaeologist (M.A., Colorado State University); Kari Schleher, laboratory manager (Ph.D. University of New Mexico); Michael Lorusso, laboratory educator (B.A. Southern Illinois University); Kate Cochran, laboratory assistant (M.A. Northern Arizona University); Jamie Merewether, collections manager (B.A. University of Colorado); Shanna Diederichs, supervisory archaeologist (B.A. University of Colorado); and Kyle Bocinsky (Ph.D. Washington State University).

The Crow Canyon consultants include: Karen Adams, archaeobotanist (Ph.D. University of Arizona); Mona Charles, geophysical archaeologist (M.A. University of Nebraska); Kathy Mowrer, bioarchaeologist (M.A. Northern Arizona University); Steve Wolverton, fauna analyst (Ph.D. University of North Texas); and Susan Smith, palynologist (M.S. Northern Arizona University).

The full-time staff will be augmented by a seasonal archaeologist and ten student interns in the archaeology, education, and American Indian Initiatives departments. Interns are provided travel expenses and a wage; they are graduate or undergraduate students who have had field, laboratory, public education, and/or experience with American Indian studies. Excavation and laboratory work will be conducted by the Crow Canyon staff and interns and by student participants enrolled in educational programs. Student participants will come to the Haynie site in groups no larger than 20 people and will be supervised by three field staff, two interns, and between one and two education staff members. The supervisor-to-student ratio is approximately one-to-three. The same ratio applies to laboratory work conducted by students. NOTE: The public will not be allowed to visit the site without being part of a Crow Canyon program.

General Project Overview:

Crow Canyon Archaeology Center researchers have launched a new multiyear project, the Northern Chaco Outliers Project. The focus of the project is the Haynie site (5MT1905), a significant ancestral Pueblo village located just northeast of Cortez. Full-time excavation began with the 2017 field season, and is expected to continue at least through 2020.

The Haynie site contains two Chaco–period (A.D. 1050–1140) great houses and numerous small houses. All are part of the larger Lakeview group, which includes the two great houses at the Haynie site and two others nearby on private land. This makes the Lakeview group one of the densest concentrations of great houses found north of Aztec Ruins.

Although the Haynie site contains some of the most important archaeological information in the Mesa Verde region, we know little about its occupation and how it functioned within the larger community and Chaco regional system. The data we gather will dramatically increase our understanding of Chaco influence in the Mesa Verde region, changing human/environment relationships during the A.D. 1130–1180 drought, and the emergence and functioning of community centers through time.

Unlike the individual small houses in which most ancestral Pueblo families of this era lived, multistory great houses were built to accommodate many households in one large structure. Great houses first developed in Chaco Canyon, in present-day northwestern New Mexico, beginning in approximately A.D. 850. Around A.D. 1080, the Chaco regional system expanded to the area north of the San Juan

River—including the Aztec and Salmon Pueblos, the largest great houses outside of Chaco Canyon. Many archaeologists believe the great houses at Aztec Ruins became a center of power equal to Chaco Canyon and probably succeeded Chaco as the primary center during the mid–A.D. 1100s.

“There are few communities in the Mesa Verde area that have a tight clustering of public and residential architecture,” said Susan Ryan, Ph.D., director of archaeology at Crow Canyon. “We don’t see many examples of this dense concentration of great houses in the Mesa Verde region.” Others include Lowry Pueblo, 27 miles northwest of Cortez, and the community at Mitchell Springs, just south of Cortez.

The goals of the Northern Chaco Outliers Project are fourfold. Researchers, assisted by student and adult participants in the Center’s archaeology programs, hope to explore differences in artifact production to look at social stratification and equality/inequality. Archaeologists also will explore the relationship of the inhabitants of the Haynie site to those at Chaco Canyon and the middle San Juan region, between Chaco Canyon to the south and Mesa Verde to the north. All four of the Lakeview community’s great houses have features that suggest their builders most likely migrated to the central Mesa Verde region directly from Chaco or the middle San Juan. In addition, Crow Canyon’s research will provide new data on the relationships between humans and the environment, the role of public architecture and community centers, and ancestral Pueblo identity formation.

“Because we believe the Haynie site was occupied from the Basketmaker III period into the thirteenth century, this is a chance to collect data from the initial occupation of the site to the time when depopulation took place throughout the region,” Ryan said.

The A.D. 1130–1180 drought is particularly important, because those five decades of extreme moisture deficiency on the Colorado Plateau caused some communities to depopulate, while others held their population, and a few even grew.

The research at the Haynie site will, in turn, tie into data Crow Canyon has collected over the past 33 years.

During 2016, a History Colorado State Historical Fund grant supported site assessment, remote sensing, drone mapping, and planning of research at the Haynie site. The site was also nominated to historic preservation registers. Crow Canyon’s Pueblo Advisory Group has also visited the site and participated in a collaborative research design process with Crow Canyon staff.

In addition to Crow Canyon’s professional archaeologists, participants in Crow Canyon’s excavation programs and educational programs, including school groups, teen camps, and College Field School, will excavate at the Haynie site. The public may only visit the site through Crow Canyon programs.

Specific Research Areas and Questions:

The Human/Environment Dialectic

• What effect did the A.D. 1130–1180 drought have on environmental resources and how did village and community residents culturally mediate changing conditions?

• Were natural and cultural resources sustainable in the Lakeview community through time?• Was Haynie occupied during the A.D. 1130-1180 drought? If so, was there a reduction or increase in

construction activity?• What were environmental conditions like when Haynie was first occupied?• What were the environmental conditions like when Haynie was depopulated?

Social Stratification and Equality/Inequality

• What was the nature of social equality/inequality between the great and small house residents at the Haynie site?

• Did leaders employ special civic-ceremonial or ritual activities in the east and west great houses as a strategy to obtain and maintain power within the village and community?

The Role of Community Centers and Public Architecture

• What role did Haynie play in the larger Lakeview community?• What role did the Lakeview community play in the broader Chaco regional system?• Did the great houses at Haynie function as domestic architecture, public architecture, or both?• What was the relationship between the great houses at the Haynie Site, Wallace Ruin, and Ida Jean?• How did the Lakeview community form and change through time?

Identity Formation

• Can distinct communities of practice be identified through material culture at Haynie?• What was the nature and extent of Chaco and/or Aztec identity at Haynie?• Was the identity of those utilizing the east great house distinct from those utilizing the west great

house?• Did residents at Ida Jean and Wallace Ruin have a different identity than residents at the Haynie site?

For more information about the Haynie site, contact Jason Vaughn, media specialist, via email at jvaughn@crowcanyon.org, or call 970-565-4859.

MESA VERDE REGION TIME PERIOD CLASSIFICATIONSFact Sheet

Pecos Classifications

Archaeologists studying the history of the American Southwest often use phrases like “The Shepherd site ranges from Basketmaker III to Pueblo II,” or “This pottery appears to be Basketmaker II.”

But what do those terms (“Basketmaker II,” etc…) actually mean?

Archaeologists like those who work here at Crow Canyon use these terms (“Pecos Classifications”) to broadly describe the time period in which a particular site was active. The time periods are divided on the basis of pottery types and architectural styles. Generally speaking, newer buildings (or pottery, ornamental pieces, textiles, and other artifacts) show a more advanced degree of design, complexity, and execution than older structures or artifacts. These sometimes-subtle differences can provide clues as to when a place was built, occupied, or abandoned—as well as insights into the daily lives and culture of the people who lived there.

Initially proposed by archaeologist Alfred V. Kidder at the first annual Pecos Conference in 1927, the Pecos Classification System—or variations of it—has been used by archaeologists since to assign ancient Pueblo sites to broad time periods on the basis of pottery types and architectural styles.

Here, we present the variation of the Pecos Classification System as it specifically applies to the Mesa Verde region:

• Pueblo III: A.D. 1150-1300 (migration from Mesa Verde region)• Pueblo II: A.D. 900-1150• Pueblo I: A.D. 750-900• Basketmaker III: A.D. 500-750• Basketmaker II: 500 B.C.-A.D. 500 (start of Pueblo culture ~ 500 B.C.)

NOTE: These time period identifications—while useful to researchers for the purposes of general classification—do not necessarily represent the perspectives of Pueblo people, who have their own approaches to remembering, documenting, and interpreting events important to them.

For more information, go to http://www.crowcanyon.org/index.php/explore-pueblo-history/time-lines, or contact Jason Vaughn, media specialist, at jvaughn@crowcanyon.org, or call 970.564.4362.

CROW CANYON ARCHAEOLOGICAL CENTER POLICY ON THE TREATMENT OF HUMAN REMAINS, ASSOCIATED FUNERARY

ARTIFACTS, AND HUMAN BIOCHEMICAL RESIDUESFact Sheet

(Updated 10/19/2013)

WHEREAS, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center conducts archaeological research, including excavation, where human remains and human biochemical residues are likely to be encountered periodically;

WHEREAS, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center is committed to involving Native Americans in the research planning and interpretation process and has, therefore, established a Native American Advisory Group;

WHEREAS, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center is committed to consulting with affiliated Native American tribes and respecting their concerns in the treatment of human remains, associated funerary artifacts, and human biochemical residues;

WHEREAS, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center defines human remains as the physical remains of the body as a person, including a burial, grave, articulated skeletal elements, an in situ concentration of human bone; or isolated human bone (defined as fewer than five bones that are disarticulated);

WHEREAS, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center defines human biochemical residues as the ancient DNA, protein residues, lipids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, and other compounds originating from human biological tissues;

WHEREAS, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center in 1994 hosted consultations in which all interested and potentially affiliated Southwest tribes from Arizona and New Mexico were invited, and the attendees designated the Hopi Tribe to represent them in future consultations with Crow Canyon in issues regarding the reburial of human remains and associated funerary artifacts;

WHEREAS, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center is committed to complying with all federal and state laws, including those that pertain to archaeological research;

WHEREAS, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center staff believes that the study of human remains and associated funerary artifacts provides important information about the past that cannot be learned by any other means;

WHEREAS, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center is committed to the respectful treatment of human remains, associated funerary artifacts, and human biochemical residues;

WHEREAS, the Crow Canyon Board of Trustees, the Native American Advisory Group, and the staff and various Native American consultants have contributed to the development of guidelines for the treatment of human remains, associated funerary artifacts, and human biochemical residues;

NOW THEREFORE, we enact this Policy for the Treatment of Human Remains, Associated Funerary Artifacts, and Human Biochemical Residues for the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center:

I. Avoidance of Human Remains

a. Crow Canyon Archaeological Center will not adopt research designs or field strategies that seek-out human remains as objects of study without prior consultation with the Native American Advisory Group.

II. Field Procedure and Policy

a. If human remains are encountered during excavation, operations in the vicinity of the remains will temporarily cease and the Vice President of Programs, the Director of American Indian Initiatives, and the Director of Archaeology will be notified about these remains as soon as possible.

b. If Crow Canyon researchers encounter a burial, grave, substantial articulated remains, or an in situ concentration of human bone on federal land, the land managing agency will be notified within 48 hours. If the remains are on private or state land, the State Archaeologist will be notified within 48 hours. After notifying the Vice President of Programs, the Director of American Indian Initiatives and the Director of Archaeology that a burial, a grave, substantial articulated remains, or an in situ concentration of human bone has been encountered, Crow Canyon staff will, as promptly and efficiently as possible, expose, map, photograph, describe, and conduct a nondestructive, in-field analysis of the remains and any associated artifacts. The bone analysis will be conducted by a physical anthropologist, and may include picking up bones and replacing them, removing soil matrix, photographing special conditions, and selective washing when necessary for analysis.

c. In the event that a burial, grave, substantial articulated remains or in situ concentration of human remains is encountered that is exceptional and extraordinary in its potential to add significant new information about the past, the bones and associated objects may be collected and transported to the Crow Canyon research laboratory for analysis by a professional physical anthropologist after consultation with the Vice President of Programs, the Director of American Indian Initiatives and the Director of Archaeology, and the Native American Advisory Group.

d. Crow Canyon is not a permanent repository for human remains.

e. After analysis is complete, human remains and funerary artifacts will be treated in a manner specified by the Hopi Tribe, acting on behalf of other potentially affiliated Southwest Native American tribes, and, if applicable, the appropriate state or federal agency.

f. Identifiable isolated human bones found in situ will be point-located and collected, except for complete or substantial portions of crania, which will be left in place.

g. Identifiable isolated human bones recovered during screening will be point-located as accurately as possible and collected.

h. Identifiable human bone protruding from a profile face will be left in place if possible, point-located, protected with soil and rocks, and pedestaled when excavation of the unit proceeds. A physical anthropologist will analyze the bone before the unit is backfilled. i. The permitting agency will be informed on an annual basis regarding isolated human remains encountered.

j. After analysis, isolated human bones will be treated according to state and federal regulations and to the recommendations of the Hopi Tribe, consulting on behalf of other potentially affiliated Southwest Native American tribes.

k. When human bones are reburied, no modern, man-made material will be left in contact with the bones.

l. Human remains that have been exposed on the modern ground surface by modern disturbance outside a Crow Canyon excavation unit will be reburied near where it was found, while doing as little damage or disruption to the site as possible.

m. Interested descendant or potentially affiliated Southwest Native American tribes and the Native American Advisory Group will be informed on an annual basis regarding human remains encountered.

III. Treatment of Human Remains and Associated Human Remains Policy Review

a. Crow Canyon Archaeological Center knows that science is changing at a rapid pace; this policy will be reviewed and revised accordingly as seen necessary by the Native American Advisory Group and Crow Canyon staff.

IV. Laboratory Procedures and Policy

a. If collected, human bone will be temporarily curated in a secure location on campus, and non-destructive analysis will be conducted by a professional physical anthropologist. Nondestructive analysis is based on observation, and does not require chemical or physical destruction of the bone.

b. Human bone will not be washed with water except when necessary to document diagnostic dental or osteological characteristics.

c. No human remains or associated funerary artifacts will be put on public display.

d. Access to Crow Canyon’s human remains collections and to original records and databases that contain information concerning human remains and associated funerary artifacts will be restricted to members of affiliated tribes and legitimate professional researchers. Requests for access must be submitted in writing and approved by the appropriate governing agency and Crow Canyon’s Vice President of Programs, Director of American Indian Initiatives, and Director of Archaeology.

e. No destructive analysis of human remains will be conducted without a research proposal that has been reviewed and approved by the permitting agency, where appropriate, and by Crow Canyon’s Vice President of Programs, Director of American Indian Initiatives, and Director of Archaeology in consultation with the Native American Advisory Group, and interested, potentially affiliated Southwest Native American tribes.

V. Reports and Publications Policy

a. The field context of human remains will be depicted by line drawings rather than by photographs when the context is vital to interpretations presented in the publication, and the depiction will be reviewed by the Vice President of Programs, Director of American Indian Initiatives, and the Director of Research. All Crow Canyon publications and professional presentations involving human remains will be reviewed by Vice President of Programs, Director of American Indian Initiatives, and Director of Archaeology.

b. Information about where human remains and associated funerary artifacts were found will be presented only when necessary to support interpretations presented in the publication.

c. Line drawings will be used to illustrate specific bone characteristics such as trauma or pathology; however, photographs may be used when line drawings are inadequate for this purpose after consultation with the Vice President of Programs, Director of American Indian Initiatives, and Director of Archaeology, and the Native American Advisory Group.

d. How and where human remains and associated funerary artifacts are stored or re-interred after analysis will not be presented in publications.

e. Human remains should not be illustrated in nontechnical publications. When illustration is absolutely necessary, human remains will be illustrated in a stylized form after consultation with the Vice President of Programs, Director of American Indian Initiatives, and Director of Archaeology.

VI. Human Biochemical Residues Policy

a. Human biochemical residues can potentially occur in a variety of archaeological contexts, including adhering to artifacts or incorporated in various kinds of archaeological deposits. These residues can ordinarily be found only through specialized laboratory analyses. Proposals for such analyses must be reviewed by the Native American Advisory Group and by the Vice President of Programs, Director of American Indian Initiatives, and the Director of Archaeology for their comments and authorization to proceed.

b. If such analyses identify human biochemical residues, a proposal for publication or other dissemination of the results will be circulated in advance to the Native American Advisory Group and the Vice President of Programs, Director of American Indian Initiatives, and Director of Archaeology individuals for review.

c. At meetings of the Native American Advisory Group, a Crow Canyon staff member will fully inform members about the conduct of such studies of human biochemical residues and any reports or publications that might result. Members of the Native American Advisory Group may be consulted about such studies in advance as directed by the Vice President of Programs, Director of American Indian Initiatives, and Director of Archaeology.

VII. Modification of Policy

a. Any modification of this policy requires the review and input of the Native American Advisory Group and the approval of the Board of Trustees.

WITNESSETH, that the Board of Directors, on this 24th day of January, 1998, adopt and endorse this Policy on the Treatment of Human Remains and Associated Funerary Artifacts for Crow Canyon Archaeological Center.

WITNESSETH, that the Board of Directors, on this 19th day of October, 2013, adopts and endorses this Policy on the Treatment of Human Remains, Associated Funerary Artifacts, and Biochemical Residues for Crow Canyon Archaeological Center as submitted by the Native American Advisory Group.

For more information about Crow Canyon Archaeological Center’s Policy on the Treatment of Human Remains, Associated Funerary Artifacts, and Human Biochemical Residues, please contact Jason Vaughn, media specialist, at jvaughn@crowcanyon.org, or call 970.564.4362.