Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries between Stratigraphy and Geomorphology to analyze Slope Stability...
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![Page 1: Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries between Stratigraphy and Geomorphology to analyze Slope Stability Kyle C. Fredrick, PhD California University of PA Clarissa.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062717/56649e605503460f94b5ab0e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries between
Stratigraphy and Geomorphologyto analyze Slope Stability
Kyle C. Fredrick, PhDCalifornia University of PA
Clarissa Enslin(BS CalU ‘14), MS Candidate, Idaho State University
![Page 2: Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries between Stratigraphy and Geomorphology to analyze Slope Stability Kyle C. Fredrick, PhD California University of PA Clarissa.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062717/56649e605503460f94b5ab0e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Geomorphology Course• EAS 343
– Sophomore and Junior-level w/ a few seniors, offered every other Fall• Generally pre-dates Sed/Strat, Tectonics, Structure
– Pre-requisites• Required: Introductory Geology • Recommended: Historical Geology, Hydrology, GIS
– Major content topics• General Processes (Weathering and Erosion, Deposition), Tectonic
landforms, Fluvial systems, Glacial geomorphology, Mass Wasting
• Relevant Objectives: “Students should be able to…”– Explain the interrelationships of Earth processes and the evolution
of landscapes;– Interpret the origin and history of landscapes as they appear on air
photos and topographic maps.
![Page 3: Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries between Stratigraphy and Geomorphology to analyze Slope Stability Kyle C. Fredrick, PhD California University of PA Clarissa.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062717/56649e605503460f94b5ab0e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Relevance andLocation, Location, Location!
• Landslides in the United States account for approximately $3.5 billion in damages annually (USGS)– And between 25-50 fatalities
• 1970-1976: Total public and private costs of landslides in Allegheny County averaged at least $4 million per year (DCNR)
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Regional Relevance
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From the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette:• “In Pittsburgh, the Public Works Department uses
a "three-tiered system" to oversee hillsides that are on city property, spokesman Tim McNulty said in an email.
• The city has a two-page "watch list" of all hillsides known to have the possibility of landslide issues.
• And then it has an immediate list of hillsides that engineers have determined could be at risk of landslides or other problems, Mr. McNulty said.
• For those hillsides, the city will pre-emptively close the surrounding streets to stabilize them.”
![Page 6: Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries between Stratigraphy and Geomorphology to analyze Slope Stability Kyle C. Fredrick, PhD California University of PA Clarissa.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062717/56649e605503460f94b5ab0e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
(Photos by: Matthew R. Baird and USGS)
Common landslide issues in SW PA (clockwise from above): (1) Soil Creep on a relatively gentle slope (2) landslide of 2006 on Route 65 in Kilbuck, and (3) a construction-related failure near Pittsburgh
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Local Relevance
Examples of common landslide issues near CalU (clockwise from above): (1) Freeze-thaw at seeps in outcrops and roadcuts, (2) Poorly maintained/ constructed municipal roads, and (3) variable sedimentary lithologies with shales and siltstones creating cantilevered layers.
(Photos by: Matthew R. Baird)
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Title: Indexing Geological Factors for Determining Landslide Susceptibility
• Goal: Students develop a multi-layered model of factors that effect slope stability to construct an updatable, flexible model of landslide susceptibility
• Logistics– Placed late in the semester– Two weeks to complete first map
• One week road check
– Third week for group presentations and manipulation of final map• Products
– Final map (7 map essentials, 50 points)– Write-up (4-5 pages, 50 points)
• Brief Intro• Methods (factors and weights with justification) including map layers• Analysis• Conclusion and future work
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Objectives
• Understand the interplay of controlling factors on landslide development
• Analyze varying data sources, scales, types– Evaluate and Integrate data of varying “quality”
• Construct active maps in GIS to incorporate updated information and manipulate model inputs
• Iterate with peers to establish consensus• Consider geotechnical issues related to slope
stability
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Benefits• Indexing
– Available map layers (or new ones?)
– Map calculations• Factor scaling and Weights
• Real-world application with a useful product
• Students are responsible for determining outcome based upon…– Geologic knowledge– Proficiency with GIS (or
other methods)– Ability to work with others
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• Deeply incised valleys with steep slopes
• Shallow soils with silt loam and urban soils dominant
• Limestone, sandstone and shale inter-bedded with coal, much of it mined
• High-intensity development within the city of Pittsburgh and along the Monongahela, Allegheny and Ohio Rivers
Pittsburgh Metropolitan Area:
RED BEDS!
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Cass
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(Mark A. Evans)
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Slope
Aspect
Reclassification Process
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Land Cover
Lithology
Reclassification Process
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Soil Texture
Soil Depth
Reclassification Process
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Distance from State Roads
Distance from Streams
Reclassification Process
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Conclusions• Students are responsible for…– Acquiring maps– Establishing categories and weights– Producing their own maps through calculation– Assessing and Validating their final susceptibility map
• Potential “Issues”– Lack of GIS proficiency– Poor working groups– Time management
• Benefits: Students end with a self-constructed, relevant product related to a geotechnical topic they are likely to face in their early careers
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Questions?
• By the way, what is the background?