Cross-Scale Commons
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Transcript of Cross-Scale Commons
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Cross-Scale CommonsInvestigating scale issues in distributed commons
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Topics Fisheries collapse background Limitations of a scale focus Distributed commons Theoretical implications Potential for local-driven governance
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Fisheries Collapse
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Fisheries Collapse Problems for food, fishers, ecosystems,
endangered species Solutions through quotas, gear, reserves,
community management Hampered by entrenchment,
governance, communication, uncertainty, subsides, incentives
Poor CPR traits… but history of successes
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The need for a local scale Failures of government management Capacity for cooperation Stakeholder engagement Local knowledge and adaptation Scale as perspective
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The need for cross-scale Co-management
Weakness of only local or gov. control Impact of “outside” world Local needs for government and market
Data, protection, legitimization Emergent patterns (and resilience) Scale-independence
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The Distributed Commons• Relationship is more than
larger and smaller.• Separating the effects of
scale and resolution.
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DC Characteristics Non-excludability, subtractability of use Spatially distributed exploitation and
users Effects have greatest impact locally
Mobile resource units or medium No clear boundary at user level
Impact from “beyond boundary”
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DC Consequences Differences in perspective
Core, community, outsiders Greater uncertainty Problems of blame, control, benefits,
and coordination Diminished property rights, but possible Cross-boundary benefits
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Conceptual Model• Top: Aggregate
management options• Bottom: Distributed
management options
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Exploitation Regimes1. Uniform exploitation2. Point exploitation3. Point and uniform skins4. Combined point sinks
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Distanced Prisoner’s Dilemma Basic prisoner’s dilemma:
Simple fishery payouts:
Adding distance:
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Fishery Game Regimes• A) Payouts against a
constant player• B) Varying distance from (a)
prisoner’s dilemma, (b) weak dominance, (c) optimal exploitation
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Capacity for Governance Wider range of theoretical responses Co-management needed
Local communities more aware Government setting conditions right
Data gathering, protection from env damage, enforcement, legitimization, enabling legislation, cultural revitalization, capacity building
Natural scope to manage vs. gov interest Leadership, cohesion, quotas, MPAs Resilience through use patterns