Cross infection control in dentistry (Few basic points)
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DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS – DIEKIOHS “ CROSS INFECTION CONTROL” BY SUMAIYA HASAN
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Recently, dentistry has been one of the few reasons of the spread of some major diseases such as hepatitis etc. If proper cross infection control is maintained by taking few precautions then this transfer of diseases can be stopped. This presentation contains only some basic precautions which should be taken to prevent cross infection.
Transcript of Cross infection control in dentistry (Few basic points)
DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS – DIEKIOHS
“CROSS INFECTION CONTROL”
BYSUMAIYA HASAN
Cross infection = Transfer of infectious agents among people either directly from person to person or indirectly e.g through instruments
Cross infection control = Measures taken to prevent cross infection
Dr Sumaiya HasanDIEKIOHS
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Herpes Simplex
HBV
HIV Dr Sumaiya HasanDIEKIOHS
Dr Sumaiya HasanDIEKIOHS
WAYS OF TRANSMISSION
Direct transmission
Indirect transmission
From patient to dental worker
From dental worker to patient
From one patient to another
From dental office to commuity
Dr Sumaiya HasanDIEKIOHS
GROUPS OF ITEMS INVOLVED
Critical
Semi critical
Non critical
Dr Sumaiya HasanDIEKIOHS
CROSS INFECTION CONTROL PROTOCOLS
In 1996 CDC (Centre for Disease Control USA) and the Hospital Infection Control Practice Advisory Committee (HICPAC) introduced infection control precautions.
Standard
Additional
Dr Sumaiya HasanDIEKIOHS
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
Apply to all body fluids
Developed as a response to the understanding that other body fluids besides blood are potentially infectious, and that anyone with patient contact could be at risk
Personal protection
Aseptic environment
Basic cross infection control
Dr Sumaiya HasanDIEKIOHS
PERSONAL PROTECTION
Dr Sumaiya HasanDIEKIOHS
Ref: (2005, April). Hand hygiene guidelines from http://www.manchesterpct.nhs.uk/document_uploads/Infection_Guidelines/handhygiene.pdf
Dr Sumaiya HasanDIEKIOHS
SANITIZER TYPE MECHANISM DISADVANTAGES
Antibacterial soaps (Triclosan)
Attacks cell membrane Toxicity against infant dermal fibroblast
Alcohol based Destruction of proteins of bacterial cell
Causes dry and flaky skin
Iodine based Acts as an oxidizing agent Contact dermatitis
Hydrogen peroxide based Acts as an oxidizing agent Toxicity against keratinocytes
Ammonium based Destruction of cell membrane
Skin irritation
Ref: Moore, D. , Toreki, W. , Carr, R. , Liesenfeld, B. , Schultz, G. , Batich, C. , Mikhaylova, A. , Dominguez, P. , Vella, J. , Olderman, G. (2009). Hand sanitizer technology and progress towards a more functional concept. Symposium on advanced wound care and wound healing society meeting. Florida: Quick Med Technologies.
Dr Sumaiya HasanDIEKIOHS
Dr Sumaiya HasanDIEKIOHS
ASEPTIC ENVIRONMENT
Instruments and appliances
In surgery environment
Dr Sumaiya HasanDIEKIOHS
DISPOSABLE ITEMS
Dr Sumaiya HasanDIEKIOHS
Dr Sumaiya HasanDIEKIOHS
STERILIZATION OF INSTRUMENTS
Pre-sterilization cleaning
Disinfection
Sterilization
Aseptic storage
Manual / Washer disinfectors / Ultrasonic bath
Downward displacement autoclaves Positive pressure displacement autoclaves
Dry heat /Moist heat /Gaseoussterilization
Dr Sumaiya HasanDIEKIOHS
DISINFECTANT EXPOSURE TIME ACTIVITY LEVEL
Formaldehyde 30 minutes or more Intermediate
Glutaraldehyde 10 minutes or more Intermediate(If used with alcohols for 4
hrs above room temperature then high
level)
Chlorine compounds 30 minutes or more Intermediate
Iodophors 30 minutes or more Intermediate
Alcohol compounds 10 minutes or more Intermediate
Ref: Tucker, M. , Ellis III, E. , Hupp, J. 2009. Contemporary Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery (5th edition pg. 65). India: Elsevier
Dr Sumaiya HasanDIEKIOHS
TEMPERATURE (DEGREES CENTIGRADE)
TIME DURATION
121 6-12 hours
140 3 hrs
150 2 and a half hrs
160 2 hrs
170 1hr
116 60 min
118 36 min
121 24 min
125 16 min
132 4 min
138 1 and a half min
DRY HEAT
STEAM
Ref: Tucker, M. , Ellis III, E. , Hupp, J. 2009. Contemporary Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery (5th edition pg. 63). India: Elsevier
Dr Sumaiya HasanDIEKIOHS
ENVIRONMENT OF DENTAL CLINIC
Cleaning of surfaces
Covering of surfaces using disposable covers
Cleaning of dental unit water supplies
Proper disposal of wastes
Dr Sumaiya HasanDIEKIOHS
ADDITIONAL MEASURES
For “at risk” patients
Airborne precautions
Contact precautions
Sterilization precautions
Dr Sumaiya HasanDIEKIOHS
REFERENCES Tucker, M. , Ellis III, E. , Hupp, J. 2009. Contemporary Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery (5th edition ). India: Elsevier
Seymour, S. (2001). Disinfection, sterilization and preservation. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Shah, H. A. & Wyne, A. H. (2010 July). Cross infection control in dentistry: A review. Pakistan Oral And Dental Journal, Vol. 35 Moore, D. , Toreki, W. , Carr, R. , Liesenfeld, B. , Schultz, G. , Batich, C. , Mikhaylova, A. , Dominguez, P. , Vella, J. , Olderman, G. (2009). Hand sanitizer technology and progress towards a more functional concept. Symposium on advanced wound care and wound healing society meeting. Florida: Quick Med Technologies.
Rampal, N. (2010). Infection control in prosthodontics. Journal of oral health and community dentistry, Vol. 4 (Issue 1)
Truscot, W. & Stoessel, K. (2001). Potential consequences of glove powder. Northampton: Kimberley-Clark Healthcare UK. From https://www.kchealthcare.com
(2005, April). Hand hygiene guidelines from http://www.manchesterpct.nhs.uk/document_uploads/Infection_Guidelines/handhygiene.pdf
Dr Sumaiya HasanDIEKIOHS
Curtis, L. (2006 July). Aseptic technique from http://www.docstoc.com/docs/86653540/ASEPTIC-TECHNIQUE[1]
Open gloving technique from http://cal.vet.upenn.edu/projects/surgery/4969.html
Cross infection control from http://www.schulke-mayr.co.uk
Pre sterilization cleaning and disinfection of instruments from http://www.dentaquip.co.uk/Autoclaves
Steriization equipment from http://globe-tek.com/sterilization-equipment
Guidelines on infection control practice in dentistry from http://www.dentalcouncil.ie/files/Cross%20Infection%20Control.pdf
Cross infection control from http://www.deitsch.plus.com/Cross%20Infection%20Control.html
Disinfection and sterilisation of dental materials and instruments from http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/milmed/dental.pdf
Latex and nitrile gloves from http://www.glovenation.com/index.htmlDr Sumaiya Hasan
DIEKIOHS
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