Cross Cultural Communications
-
Upload
credit-management-association -
Category
Business
-
view
193 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Cross Cultural Communications
![Page 1: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ER$ Consulting Services
Presents for
NACM WRCC
Cross-Cultural Communication:
A Cultural Journey9:00 AM – 10:15 AM
Las Vegas
The Palms Hotel
October 16, 2014
Copyright: Eddy A. Sumar 2014
![Page 2: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Cross-Cultural Communication
A Cultural Journey
![Page 3: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
http://www.international.gc.ca/cfsi-icse/cil-cai/intercultural-interculturelle-eng.asp
Exercise
![Page 4: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
A Global Village
![Page 5: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The World is Global
Trade agreements
International trade
Multinational corporations
No boundaries for business & commerce
The ability to locate business, particularly manufacturing, wherever the cost is lowest
The ability to execute financial transactions instantaneously on a global basis
The ability of information and communication technology to transcend time and distance
Business is Global
![Page 6: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cross-cultural competence is no longer an option
It is survival
![Page 7: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
•Roots [Content & Context]
•Risks
•Rewards
Understanding Culture = Survival Survival = Harnessing R3
R3
![Page 8: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cultural intelligence
Cultural intelligence is the capability to deal effectively with people from different cultural backgrounds
Cultural intelligence is not difficult to understand but it is difficult to put into practice on an ongoing basis
![Page 9: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Three Components of Cultural intelligence
Knowledge of culture: [Definition]what culture ishow culture affects human behaviorhow cultures vary
Awareness:being aware of our own assumptions, ideas, words, and behaviorbeing aware of other person’s assumptions, ideas, words, and behaviorusing all the senses in perceiving situationsviewing situations from several perspectives
Behavioral skills: [Competence & Choice]choosing and displaying the appropriate behavior for each particular intercultural situation
![Page 10: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Define Culture
![Page 11: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Culture is……
The collective programming of the mind which distinguishesthe members of one group or category of people from another. Geert Hofstede
The customs, beliefs, art and all other products of human thought, made by a particular group of
people at a particular time. Richard D. Lewis
Beliefs, norms, and attitudes that are used to guide our behaviors and to solve human problems.
Guo-Ming Chen, William Starosta
![Page 12: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Culture is:
The way we dress
The way we communicate (verbal and non-verbal)
The way we relate to others and authority
Our outlook and attitude toward life
Our perception of self and role in society
Our perception of time
Our space perception
The way we learn and study
A way of life
![Page 13: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Culture is below the surface……
Culture hides more than what it reveals, and strangely enough, what it hides, it hides most effectively from its own participants.
Edward Hall
![Page 14: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Culture is like an iceberg: only a part of it is seen;
all the rest is hidden under the water
![Page 15: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Behaviors
ValuesCustoms
Beliefs
AssumptionsMyths & Legends
Roots
Perceptions
Folklore & History
Ancient artifacts
Buildings & Architecture
Outward appearance
Products
![Page 16: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Layers of cultures
A national level
A regional level
A generation level
A gender level
A social class level
Organizational or corporate level
A personal level
![Page 17: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
HistoryReligionTraditionCustomsValuesBeliefsArtLiterature (Sayings, & Proverbs)
Understanding CultureSearching the Roots
![Page 18: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Understanding CultureAvoiding the Risks
AlienationCulture shockConflictConfrontationLoss of face Loss of businessLoss of credibility
![Page 19: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Understanding CultureEnjoying the Rewards
Increased market shareHigher sales and profitabilityEnhanced cash flowDiversified portfolioTruly global presenceAbility to competeImproved relationshipsEnhanced loyalty
![Page 20: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
$ Understand the Values of your own Culture
$ Consider your assumptions
Understanding Culture
Start from the Home Front
![Page 21: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
$ How do we conduct business?$ How do we establish business relationships?$ What are our expectations of the other person?$ What does it take to establish trust and respect?$ How do we make decisions?$ How do we view time, power & space?$ How do we persuade others?$ How do we communicate?
Understanding Culture
Consider Your Assumptions
![Page 22: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
$ Understand the Values of the new Culture
$ Consider their assumptions
Understanding Culture
Consider the other person & Culture
![Page 23: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
$ How do they conduct business?$ How do they establish business relationships?$ What are their expectations of you?$ How do they establish trust and respect?$ How do they make decisions?$ How do they view time, power, & space?$ How do they persuade others?$ How do they communicate?
Understanding Culture
Consider the other person & Culture
![Page 24: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Dimensions of Culture
![Page 25: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
1. Power Distance2. Individualism vs. Collectivism3. Masculinity vs. Femininity4. Uncertainty Avoidance5. Long-term Orientation
Hofstede’s Culture Dimensions
http://geert-hofstede.com/national-culture.html
http://geert-hofstede.com/countries.html
![Page 26: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Individual ……………GroupDirect…………………IndirectVerbal………………..Non-verbalInformal……………..FormalEgalitarian…………..HierarchicalTask………………….RelationshipUniversal…………….Situational
Dimensions of National Culture
![Page 27: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Establish personal rapport
• Establish personal status/family context
• Express admiration; use flattery; be indirect
• Close distance and informal
• Long range
• Generosity and and hospitality
• Emotional support and harmony
Relationships Across Cultures
A Middle-eastern Example
![Page 28: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Communicating Across Cultures
Communication is the interchange of messages [verbal & non-verbal] between people.
It is the fundamental building block of social experience.
We always communicate whether we are selling, buying, negotiating, leading or working with each other
![Page 30: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Body language
Up to 90 % of our communication is non-verbal
Supportive body language Non-supportive body language
![Page 31: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Introductions
Forms of address (names)
Exchange of business cards
Handshake
Eye contact
![Page 32: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Personal space
The American bubble Extends about 12-15 inches(combined 24-30 inches)
Asian, especially the Japanese, stand even further apart
Latin Americans, Mexicans, Mediterranean people stand much closer
![Page 33: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Touch
Touch•Spain and Portugal
•Some Asian cultures•Middle Eastern countries
•Latin Americans(only the same gender)
Don’t touch•United States and Canada
•England•Northern European countries
•Japan•Australia
![Page 34: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Gestures
http://www.slideshare.net/NirmalaPadmavat/hand-gesture-of-differents-cultureshttp://travel.ca.msn.com/international/photogallery.aspx?cp-documentid=22585990
![Page 35: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Communication styles
In direct convention of communication most of the message is placed in the content of the communication –
the actual words that are used
In indirect convention the context is more important, such elements as the previous history of relations between the
participants, power distance, the physical setting, nonverbal clues and others
http://www.intercultures.ca/cil-cai/countryinsights-apercuspays-eng.asp
![Page 36: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Cultures
High context cultures Japanese
ChineseArabGreekSpanishItalianEnglishFrenchAmericanScandinavianGerman German-Swiss
Low context cultures
Indirect
Direct
![Page 37: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Perception of Time
Monochronic people• Do one thing at a time
• Concentrate on the job
• Take time commitments (deadlines, schedules) seriously
• Are committed to the job
• Adhere religiously to plans
• Are accustomed to short-term relationships
Polychronic people• Do many things at once• Are highly distractible and
subject to interruptions• Consider time commitments
an objective to be achieved if possible
• Are committed to people and human relationship
• Change plans often and easily• Have strong tendency to build
lifetime relationships
![Page 38: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Individualism Individualism stands for a society in
which the ties between individuals are loose:everyone is expected to look after himself or herself and his or her immediate family only
• Individual is treated as the most important element in any societal setting
• Self-esteem, self-identity, self-image and self-expression are emphasized
• Personal goals supersede group goals• Individuals are task-oriented and
seek individual reward and appraisal• Competition is encouraged
![Page 39: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Collectivism Collectivism stands for a society in
which people from birth onwards are integrated into strong , cohesive ingroups, which throughout people’s lifetime continue to protect them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty
• Individual is interdependent and shows conformity to the group’s norms
• Self-concept plays a less significant role in social interaction, people are emotionally dependent on the success of the group
• Only ingroup views and needs are emphasized
• Cooperation is encouraged
![Page 40: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Second language strategies
• Be patient
• Speak distinctly, enunciate the words
• Use short, simple sentences
• Use action words – verbs etc.
• Pause frequently, allow time for the person to formulate responses
• Provide feedback and encouragement
• Avoid idioms, slang, acronyms and sports terminology
• Paraphrase if not understood instead of repeating the whole statement louder and slower
• Be careful with numbers, write them down or repeat if necessary
• Never assume that people around you do not understand your language
• Use gestures, actions, visual aids to help understanding
![Page 41: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Cross-cultural negotiation
Phases of negotiation
Building a relationship
Exchanging information
Trying to persuade each other
Making concessions and reaching agreements
![Page 42: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Western culture mainly take a “transactional” approach: they focus mainly on the last two stages
Many other cultures pay more attention to creating a background relationship: they emphasize the social side of the situation over the task side
![Page 43: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Strategies For Cross-Cultural Communication
• Understand your own culture as the point of reference [Self]
• Develop an international cultural perspective and global mind-set [Self]
• Gather culture-specific information about the countries you are doing business with [Others]
• Appreciate the complexities of cultures and individuals – avoid mindless stereotyping [Others]
• Be aware of on-going cultural changes [Self & others]
![Page 44: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Final Thoughts• Think beyond local perceptions• Prepare for new mindset• Adapt to new realities and ways• Be open and flexible• Welcome new experiences• Show appreciation for other cultures• Observe behavior; suspend judgment, seek rationale• Never ignore local sayings and proverbs• Negotiate differences: I adjust, you adjust, we look for
a third way
![Page 45: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
American Proverbs
Good fences make good neighbors.
In God we trust; all others pay cash.
Scratch my back and I'll scratch yours.
![Page 46: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
American Sayings
One today is worth two tomorrows; what I am to be, I am now becoming.
Time is Money.
Where sense is wanting, everything is wanting.
There’s danger in delay.
![Page 47: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Middle East in Perspective
Sayings to be guided by
“One step at a time” (literally, "Grapes are eaten one by one") A foolish man may be known by six things: Anger without cause, speech without profit, change without progress, inquiry without object, putting trust in a stranger, and
mistaking foes for friends. Arrogance diminishes wisdom.
![Page 48: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Middle East in Perspective
An Arab Proverb
♞ Eat whatever you like, but dress as others do.
♞ No cure, no pay. ♞ What is learnt in the cradle lasts to the grave.
![Page 49: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
China in Perspective
Sayings to be guided by
No friends, no business A drop of water in time of need will be reciprocated forever A man without a smile should not open a shop A sweet temper and friendliness produce money If you pull out one hair, you must rebalance the whole body The divine dragon exhibits its head but never its tail
![Page 50: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
India in Perspective
Proverbs to be guided by
1. Unity is strength.
2. One Who could not dance said that the ground was uneven.
3. One's mother and homeland are greater than even heaven.
4. A scalded cat dreads cold water.
5. To lose is to learn.
6. Don’t bargain for fish which are still in the water.
![Page 51: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Become a Global Citizen. A global citizen is able to work effectively together with other people of any
culture, personality, or profession.
Become a cultural commuter, one who can cross from culture to culture with ease and naturalness.
www.international.gc.cahttp://ediplomat.com/
![Page 52: Cross Cultural Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052600/55892220d8b42a85508b471c/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Thank You!